Theodore R

oosevelt

Theodore R

oosevelt

1.T

heodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)

a.C

hildhood

i.B

orn into extreme w

ealthin N

ew Y

ork City

ii.Started out w

eak&

in poor health

1.H

ad severe asthma

(not expected to live past age 5)

2.W

ould partially lose sightin boxing m

ishap

3.F

ather stressed physical fitness(built him

a gym)

iii.L

ifelong advocate of sports and mental activity

iv.E

ducated by tutors

v.G

raduated from H

arvard, which he entered at age 17

Young Teddy

Theodore R

oosevelt

a.P

ersonal Life

i.F

atherdied w

hile TR

was at college (heartbroken)

ii.In 1884 his w

ifeand his m

otherdied on the sam

e day

1.B

aby daughter = A

lice

iii.1884-1886 (T

he Grieving

Period)

1.W

ent to live in Dakota B

adlands

2.B

ecame a respected rancher

& conservationist

iv.1886-m

arried childhood sweetheart

(Edith) &

had 5m

ore kids.

Edith R

oosevelt

Theodore R

oosevelt

c.E

arly Career

i.E

lected to the New

York State L

egislatureat age 24

ii.B

ecame a police

comm

issioner in NY

C

iii.B

ecame A

ssistant Secretary of the Navy

in 18971.

Quit in 1898 to fight in the Spanish-A

merican

War in C

uba 2.

Fam

ous for leading his “Rough R

iders” up San Juan Hill

3.D

ue to this war, the U

S acquired Guam

, the Philippines, and

Puerto R

ico

iv.B

ecame (R

) Governor

of New

York in 1899

1.A

ttacked corruptionand m

ade many enem

ies2.

Made a nam

e as a progressivereform

er

Theodore R

oosevelt

d.R

oad to Presidency

i.1900 –

Chosen as M

cKinley’s

V-P

running mate

1.N

ew Y

ork’s Conservative (R

’s) supported his nomination

2.F

elt safe w/T

R in this “do-nothing” job. (H

armless)

i.1901-M

cKinley

was shot

and killed; TR

becomes president at age 42

McK

inley & R

oosevelt

McK

inley Assassination

ZM

cKinley w

as shot twice

by Leon C

zolgosz

ZL

eon Czolgosz w

as an anarchist

ZM

cKinley died 8 days

later

ZTeddy R

oosevelt became

the next president

Theodore R

oosevelt

e.P

residential Stylei.

Playful, fun, dram

atic, loved the pressand the public

ii.E

xpanded presidential power

and controlled Congress

iii.“B

ig Governm

ent” is needed to regulate “Big B

usiness”

Theodore R

oosevelt

f.T

he SquareD

eal: Program

for helping the comm

on man

i.Som

e said he was a “traitor

to his own class”

ii.Settled C

oalStrike of 1902

1.T

R forced ow

ners to negotiatew

ith the union

2.T

R threatened to use the arm

yto run the m

ines

3.W

orkers made gains w

ith government

on their side (rare)

Theodore R

oosevelt

iii.W

orked to break up monopolies

& end special privilege

1.N

ickname: “trust-buster”

2.U

sed Sherman

Anti-T

rustA

ct to break up the N

orthern Securitiesrailroad m

onopoly (JP M

organ)

3.Started suits against Standard

Oil and U

.S.Steel

4.Signed E

lkinsA

ct ending railroad rebatepractice

“Trust B

uster”

Theodore R

oosevelt

iv.Social L

egislation

1.P

ushed passage of health laws (influenced by U

pton Sinclair)

2.E

x: Meat

Inspection Act &

Pure F

ood&

Drug

Act

3.C

onservation –set aside 240

million acres as protected public

lands

Theodore R

oosevelt

7.F

oreign Affairs

i.1906-W

on NobelP

eace Prize for m

ediatingR

usso-Japanese Peace

ii.B

ig StickD

iplomacy-“Speak softly

and carry a big stick”

1.K

eep peace through power

& preparedness

2.Sent “G

reat White

Fleet” on w

orld tour as show of U

S strength

a.T

R w

as a “Warrior

without a w

ar”

1.C

reated Roosevelt C

orollary to the Monroe

Doctrine

2.F

reed Panam

a from C

olombia

to secure land needed to build the P

anama

Canal (T

R’s “B

ig Ditch” opened in 1914)

Big Stick D

iplomacy

Panam

a Canal

Panam

a Canal

Theodore R

oosevelt

g.L

ife after Presidency

i.1909-T

R is replaced by close friend W

illiam H

. Taft

and travels the world

ii.T

R w

as only 50and not ready to quit politics

iii.1912-T

ried to run as Progressive “B

ull Moose” candidate but fails

iv.1914-1917-

TR

encourages US entry into W

WI

even offering to fight

v.1919-T

F died

while preparing to run in 1920 election

William

H. T

aft

William

H. T

aft

2.W

illiam H

. Taft (1857-1930)

a.C

hildhood & E

arly Life

i.B

orn into wealthy

Ohio fam

ily

ii.A

dmired his father

---> law

yer, judge, Attorney G

eneral, Sec. of War

iii.E

ducated in lawat Y

aleU

niversity

iv.D

ream --->

to become C

hief Justiceof the U

S Supreme

Court

William

H. T

aft

c.R

oad to Presidency

i.1908-H

and pickedby T

R as successor

1.D

oubted his own qualifications (driven by w

ife’sam

bitions)

2.Supported at first; T

R believed T

aft would continue his reform

s

ii.T

aft would prove him

self more conservative

than TR

or Wilson

William

H. T

aft

d.Successes as P

resident (R) 1909-1913

i.A

dded more land to public parks

& forests

(not as much as T

R)

ii.B

roke up more than 90

monopolies, including Standard

Oil in 1911

iii.Set up the D

ept. of Labor

& B

ureau of Mines

to protect workers

iv.Supported the passage of the 16

thand 17

thA

mendm

ents

v.E

stablished the 8hour day for governm

ent workers

William

H. T

aft

e.C

aused Split Betw

een Progressives &

Conservative R

epublicansi.

Signed Payne-A

ldrich Tariff A

ct ---> raised

tariffs1.

Pleased big business

2.A

ngered progressivesand especially farm

ers

i.A

ppointed a Secretary of the Interior who:

1.F

avored industrialdevelopm

ent of wilderness area

2.W

as slow to preserve

public lands

i.T

Rbecam

e his #1

critic

Taft W

as More

Conservative

William

H. T

aft

g.E

lection of 1912 (3-Way R

ace)i.

Progressive (R

’S) supported TR

& C

onservative (R’s) supported T

aft1.

Taft w

ins the (R) nom

ination

2.T

R form

s Progressive B

ull Moose

party (split weakens R

party)

ii.(D

) Woodrow

Wilson

is elected and TR

is labeled “the spoiler”

h.1921-

named C

hief Justiceof the Suprem

e Court by P

resident Harding

i.Served until 1930

ii.C

onsidered it the “greatest honor” of his life

Election of 1912

Woodrow

Wilson

Woodrow

Wilson

3.W

oodrow W

ilson (1856-1924)

a.C

hildhoodi.

Born in V

irginiato a m

iddle–class fam

ily

ii.F

ather was a m

inisterw

ho provided his son with a strict

upbringing

iii.F

amily m

ovedoften (South)

Woodrow

Wilson

b.E

arly Career

i.G

raduated from P

rincetonU

niversity in 1879

ii.P

racticed law in A

tlantafor one year

iii.B

ecame professor

of law &

economics at P

rinceton

iv.1902-N

amed president

of Princeton U

niversity

v.1910-E

lected governor of New

Jersey

Woodrow

Wilson

a.P

residencyi.

Won 3-W

ay election of 1912

1.C

arried 40of 48 states, but just 40%

of the vote (minority president)

2.R

epublicans would blam

e TR

for Wilson’s victory

Election of 1912

Woodrow

Wilson

ii.Successes cam

e under his program called N

ew F

reedom

1.U

nderwood Sim

mons

Act (1913) low

ered import

tariffs

2.C

reated the Federal R

eserveSystem

to stabilize banking

3.K

eating-Ow

en Act curbed the use of child

labor

4.F

ederal Farm

Loan

Act gave farm

ers low interest

loans

5.W

orked for passage of Clayton

Anti-T

rustA

ct (1914) w

hich strengthened government’s ability to break up m

onopolies

iii.A

ll 4 Progressive E

ra Am

endments

(16th, 17

th, 18th, 19

th) went into

effect while he w

as president

Woodrow

Wilson

iv.W

ar broke out in Europe in 1914 (later called W

WI)

1.W

ilson called for US neutrality

(He w

as a pacifist)

2.1917-E

ntered war w

ith reluctance, saying we m

ust go to war to :

“make the w

orldsafe for dem

ocracy”

3.F

ocus would now

be on foreignaffairs

Woodrow

Wilson

d.T

o Be C

ontinued…

i.W

e will talk m

ore about Wilson in the next tw

o units:

1.W

orld War I

2.T

he 1920s