progression pathways - topics created by go ota
TRANSCRIPT
14
QuickStart Computing
Computing Progression PathwaysPupil
Progression Algorithms Programming & Development Data & Data Representation Hardware & Processing Communication & Networks Information Technology
• Understandswhatanalgorithmisandisabletoexpresssimplelinear(non-branching)algorithmssymbolically.(AL)
• Understandsthatcomputersneedpreciseinstructions. (AL)
• Demonstratescareandprecisiontoavoiderrors. (AL)
• Knowsthatuserscandeveloptheirownprograms,andcandemonstratethisbycreatingasimpleprograminanenvironmentthatdoesnotrelyontexte.g.programmablerobotsetc.(AL)
• Executes,checksandchangesprograms.(AL)• Understandsthatprogramsexecutebyfollowingpreciseinstructions.(AL)
• Recognisesthatdigitalcontentcanberepresentedinmanyforms.(AB) (GE)
• Distinguishesbetweensomeoftheseformsandcanexplainthedifferentwaysthattheycommunicateinformation.(AB)
• Understandsthatcomputershavenointelligenceandthatcomputerscandonothingunlessaprogramisexecuted.(AL)
• Recognisesthatallsoftwareexecutedondigitaldevicesisprogrammed.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Obtainscontentfromtheworldwidewebusingawebbrowser.(AL)
• Understandstheimportanceofcommunicatingsafelyandrespectfullyonline,andtheneedforkeepingpersonalinformationprivate.(EV)
• Knowswhattodowhenconcernedaboutcontentorbeingcontacted.(AL)
• Usessoftwareunderthecontroloftheteachertocreate,storeandeditdigitalcontentusingappropriatefileandfoldernames.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthatpeopleinteractwithcomputers.• Sharestheiruseoftechnologyinschool.• Knowscommonusesofinformationtechnologybeyondtheclassroom.(GE)
• Talksabouttheirworkandmakeschangestoimproveit.(EV)
• Understandsthatalgorithmsareimplementedondigitaldevicesasprograms.(AL)
• Designssimplealgorithmsusingloops,andselectioni.e.ifstatements.(AL)
• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictoutcomes.(AL)
• Detectsandcorrectserrorsi.e.debugging,inalgorithms.(AL)
• Usesarithmeticoperators,ifstatements,andloops,withinprograms.(AL)
• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictthebehaviourofprograms.(AL)
• Detectsandcorrectssimplesemanticerrorsi.e.debugging,inprograms.(AL)
• Recognisesdifferenttypesofdata:text,number.(AB) (GE)
• Appreciatesthatprogramscanworkwithdifferenttypesofdata.(GE)
• Recognisesthatdatacanbestructuredintablestomakeituseful.(AB) (DE)
• Recognisesthatarangeofdigitaldevicescanbeconsideredacomputer.(AB) (GE)
• Recognisesandcanusearangeofinputandoutputdevices.
• Understandshowprogramsspecifythefunctionofageneralpurposecomputer.(AB)
• Navigatesthewebandcancarryoutsimplewebsearchestocollectdigitalcontent.(AL) (EV)
• Demonstratesuseofcomputerssafelyandresponsibly,knowingarangeofwaystoreportunacceptablecontentandcontactwhenonline.
• Usestechnologywithincreasingindependencetopurposefullyorganisedigitalcontent.(AB)
• Showsanawarenessforthequalityofdigitalcontentcollected.(EV)• Usesavarietyofsoftwaretomanipulateandpresentdigitalcontent:dataandinformation.(AL)
• Sharestheirexperiencesoftechnologyinschoolandbeyondtheclassroom.(GE) (EV)
• Talksabouttheirworkandmakesimprovementstosolutionsbasedonfeedbackreceived.(EV)
• Designssolutions(algorithms)thatuserepetitionandtwo-wayselectioni.e.if,thenandelse.(AL)
• Usesdiagramstoexpresssolutions.(AB)• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictoutputs,showinganawarenessofinputs.(AL)
• Createsprogramsthatimplementalgorithmstoachievegivengoals.(AL)
• Declaresandassignsvariables.(AB)• Usespost-testedloope.g.‘until’,andasequenceofselectionstatementsinprograms,includinganif,thenandelsestatement.(AL)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweendataandinformation.(AB)
• Knowswhysortingdatainaflatfilecanimprovesearchingforinformation.(EV)
• Usesfiltersorcanperformsinglecriteriasearchesforinformation.(AL)
• Knowsthatcomputerscollectdatafromvariousinputdevices,includingsensorsandapplicationsoftware.(AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweenhardwareandapplicationsoftware,andtheirroleswithinacomputersystem.(AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweentheinternetandinternetservicee.g.worldwideweb.(AB)
• Showsanawarenessof,andcanusearangeofinternetservicese.g.VOIP.
• Recogniseswhatisacceptableandunacceptablebehaviourwhenusingtechnologiesandonlineservices.
• Collects,organisesandpresentsdataandinformationindigitalcontent.(AB)
• Createsdigitalcontenttoachieveagivengoalthroughcombiningsoftwarepackagesandinternetservicestocommunicatewithawideraudiencee.g.blogging.(AL)
• Makesappropriateimprovementstosolutionsbasedonfeedbackreceived,andcancommentonthesuccessofthesolution.(EV)
• Showsanawarenessoftasksbestcompletedbyhumansorcomputers.(EV)
• Designssolutionsbydecomposingaproblemandcreatesasub-solutionforeachoftheseparts.(DE) (AL) (AB)
• Recognisesthatdifferentsolutionsexistforthesameproblem.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween,andappropriatelyusesifandif,thenandelsestatements.(AL)
• Usesavariableandrelationaloperatorswithinalooptogoverntermination.(AL) (GE)
• Designs,writesanddebugsmodularprogramsusingprocedures.(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Knowsthataprocedurecanbeusedtohidethedetailwithsub-solution.(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Performsmorecomplexsearchesforinformatione.g.usingBooleanandrelationaloperators.(AL) (GE) (EV)
• Analysesandevaluatesdataandinformation,andrecognisesthatpoorqualitydataleadstounreliableresults,andinaccurateconclusions.(AL) (EV)
• Understandswhyandwhencomputersareused.(EV)
• Understandsthemainfunctionsoftheoperatingsystem.(DE) (AB)
• Knowsthedifferencebetweenphysical,wirelessandmobilenetworks.(AB)
• Understandshowtoeffectivelyusesearchengines,andknowshowsearchresultsareselected,includingthatsearchenginesuse‘webcrawlerprograms’.(AB) (GE) (EV)
• Selects,combinesandusesinternetservices.(EV)• Demonstratesresponsibleuseoftechnologiesandonlineservices,andknowsarangeofwaystoreportconcerns.
• Makesjudgementsaboutdigitalcontentwhenevaluatingandrepurposingitforagivenaudience.(EV) (GE)
• Recognisestheaudiencewhendesigningandcreatingdigitalcontent.(EV)
• Understandsthepotentialofinformationtechnologyforcollaborationwhencomputersarenetworked.(GE)
• Usescriteriatoevaluatethequalityofsolutions,canidentifyimprovementsmakingsomerefinementstothesolution,andfuturesolutions.(EV)
• Understandsthatiterationistherepetitionofaprocesssuchasaloop.(AL)
• Recognisesthatdifferentalgorithmsexistforthesameproblem.(AL) (GE)
• Representssolutionsusingastructurednotation.(AL) (AB)
• Canidentifysimilaritiesanddifferencesinsituationsandcanusethesetosolveproblems(patternrecognition).(GE)
• Understandsthatprogrammingbridgesthegapbetweenalgorithmicsolutionsandcomputers.(AB)
• Haspracticalexperienceofahigh-leveltextuallanguage,includingusingstandardlibrarieswhenprogramming.(AB) (AL)
• Usesarangeofoperatorsandexpressionse.g.Boolean,andappliestheminthecontextofprogramcontrol.(AL)
• Selectstheappropriatedatatypes.(AL) (AB)
• Knowsthatdigitalcomputersusebinarytorepresentalldata.(AB)
• Understandshowbitpatternsrepresentnumbersandimages.(AB)
• Knowsthatcomputerstransferdatainbinary.(AB)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenbinaryandfilesize(uncompressed).(AB)
• Definesdatatypes:realnumbersandBoolean.(AB)
• Queriesdataononetableusingatypicalquerylanguage.(AB)
• Recognisesandunderstandsthefunctionofthemaininternalpartsofbasiccomputerarchitecture.(AB)
• Understandstheconceptsbehindthefetch-executecycle.(AB) (AL)
• Knowsthatthereisarangeofoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwareforthesamehardware.(AB)
• Understandshowsearchenginesranksearchresults.(AL)
• UnderstandshowtoconstructstaticwebpagesusingHTMLandCSS.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsdatatransmissionbetweendigitalcomputersovernetworks,includingtheinterneti.e.IPaddressesandpacketswitching. (AL) (AB)
• Evaluatestheappropriatenessofdigitaldevices,internetservicesandapplicationsoftwaretoachievegivengoals.(EV)
• Recognisesethicalissuessurroundingtheapplicationofinformationtechnologybeyondschool.
• Designscriteriatocriticallyevaluatethequalityofsolutions,usesthecriteriatoidentifyimprovementsandcanmakeappropriaterefinementstothesolution.(EV)
• Understandsarecursivesolutiontoaproblemrepeatedlyappliesthesamesolutiontosmallerinstancesoftheproblem.(AL) (GE)
• Recognisesthatsomeproblemssharethesamecharacteristicsandusethesamealgorithmtosolveboth.(AL) (GE)
• Understandsthenotionofperformanceforalgorithmsandappreciatesthatsomealgorithmshavedifferentperformancecharacteristicsforthesametask.(AL)(EV)
• Usesnestedselectionstatements.(AL)• Appreciatestheneedfor,andwrites,customfunctionsincludinguseofparameters.(AL) (AB)
• Knowsthedifferencebetween,andusesappropriately,proceduresandfunctions.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsandusesnegationwithoperators.(AL)
• Usesandmanipulatesonedimensionaldatastructures.(AB)
• Detectsandcorrectssyntacticalerrors.(AL)
• Understandshownumbers,images,soundsandcharactersetsusethesamebitpatterns.(AB) (GE)
• Performssimpleoperationsusingbitpatternse.g.binaryaddition.(AB) (AL)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenresolutionandcolourdepth,includingtheeffectonfilesize.(AB)
• Distinguishesbetweendatausedinasimpleprogram(avariable)andthestoragestructureforthatdata.(AB)
• UnderstandsthevonNeumannarchitectureinrelationtothefetch-executecycle,includinghowdataisstoredinmemory.(AB) (GE)
• Understandsthebasicfunctionandoperationoflocationaddressablememory.(AB)
• Knowsthenamesofhardwaree.g.hubs,routers,switches,andthenamesofprotocolse.g.SMTP,iMAP,POP,FTP,TCP/IP,associatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems.(AB)
• Usestechnologiesandonlineservicessecurely,andknowshowtoidentifyandreportinappropriateconduct.(AL)
• Justifiesthechoiceofandindependentlycombinesandusesmultipledigitaldevices,internetservicesandapplicationsoftwaretoachievegivengoals.(EV)
• Evaluatesthetrustworthinessofdigitalcontentandconsiderstheusabilityofvisualdesignfeatureswhendesigningandcreatingdigitalartifactsforaknownaudience.(EV)
• Identifiesandexplainshowtheuseoftechnologycanimpactonsociety.
• Designscriteriaforuserstoevaluatethequalityofsolutions,usesthefeedbackfromtheuserstoidentifyimprovementsandcanmakeappropriaterefinementstothesolution.(EV)
• Recognisesthatthedesignofanalgorithmisdistinctfromitsexpressioninaprogramminglanguage(whichwilldependontheprogrammingconstructsavailable).(AL) (AB)
• Evaluatestheeffectivenessofalgorithmsandmodelsforsimilarproblems.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Recogniseswhereinformationcanbefilteredoutingeneralizingproblemsolutions.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Useslogicalreasoningtoexplainhowanalgorithmworks.(AL) (AB) (DE)
• Representsalgorithmsusingstructuredlanguage.(AL) (DE) (AB)
• Appreciatestheeffectofthescopeofavariablee.g.alocalvariablecan’tbeaccessedfromoutsideitsfunction.(AB) (AL)
• Understandsandappliesparameterpassing.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween,anduses,bothpre-testede.g.‘while’,andpost-testede.g.‘until’loops.(AL)
• Appliesamodularapproachtoerrordetectionandcorrection.(AB) (DE) (GE)
• Knowstherelationshipbetweendatarepresentationanddataquality.(AB)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenbinaryandelectricalcircuits,includingBooleanlogic.(AB)
• Understandshowandwhyvaluesaredatatypedinmanydifferentlanguageswhenmanipulatedwithinprograms.(AB)
• Knowsthatprocessorshaveinstructionsetsandthattheserelatetolow-levelinstructionscarriedoutbyacomputer.(AB) (AL) (GE)
• Knowsthepurposeofthehardwareandprotocolsassociatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems.(AB) (AL)
• Understandstheclient-servermodelincludinghowdynamicwebpagesuseserver-sidescriptingandthatwebserversprocessandstoredataenteredbyusers.(AL) (AB) (DE)
• Recognisesthatpersistenceofdataontheinternetrequirescarefulprotectionofonlineidentityandprivacy.
• Undertakescreativeprojectsthatcollect,analyse,andevaluatedatatomeettheneedsofaknownusergroup.(AL) (DE) (EV)
• Effectivelydesignsandcreatesdigitalartefactsforawiderorremoteaudience.(AL) (DE)
• Considersthepropertiesofmediawhenimportingthemintodigitalartefacts.(AB)
• Documentsuserfeedback,theimprovementsidentifiedandtherefinementsmadetothesolution.(AB)
• Explainsandjustifieshowtheuseoftechnologyimpactsonsociety,fromtheperspectiveofsocial,economical,political,legal,ethicalandmoralissues.(EV)
• Designsasolutiontoaproblemthatdependsonsolutionstosmallerinstancesofthesameproblem(recursion).(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Understandsthatsomeproblemscannotbesolvedcomputationally.(AB) (GE)
• Designsandwritesnestedmodularprogramsthatenforcereusabilityutilisingsub-routineswhereverpossible. (AL) (AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween‘While’loopand‘For’loop,whichusesaloopcounter.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsandusestwodimensionaldatastructures.(AB) (DE)
• Performsoperationsusingbitpatternse.g.conversionbetweenbinaryandhexadecimal,binarysubtractionetc.(AB) (AL) (GE)
• Understandsandcanexplaintheneedfordatacompression,andperformssimplecompressionmethods.(AL) (AB)
• Knowswhatarelationaldatabaseis,andunderstandsthebenefitsofstoringdatainmultipletables.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Haspracticalexperienceofasmall(hypothetical)lowlevelprogramminglanguage.(AB) (AL) (DE) (GE)
• UnderstandsandcanexplainMoore’sLaw.(GE)
• Understandsandcanexplainmultitaskingbycomputers.(AB) (AL) (DE)
• Understandsthehardwareassociatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems,includingWANsandLANs,understandstheirpurposeandhowtheywork,includingMACaddresses.(AB) (AL) (DE) (GE)
• Understandstheethicalissuessurroundingtheapplicationofinformationtechnology,andtheexistenceoflegalframeworksgoverningitsusee.g.DataProtectionAct,ComputerMisuseAct,Copyrightetc.(EV)
Note:EachoftheProgressionPathwaystatementsisunderpinnedbyone-or-morelearningoutcomes(dueforpublicationin2014),providinggreaterdetailofwhatshouldbetaughttoachieveeachProgressionPathwaystatementandNationalCurriculumpointofstudy.
Computational Thinking Concept: AB=Abstraction;DE=Decomposition;AL=AlgorithmicThinking;EV=Evaluation;GE=Generalisation©2014MarkDorlingandMatthewWalker.ReviewedbySimonHumphreysandSueSentanceofComputingAtSchool,CASMasterTeachers,andbyteachersandacademicsfromthewiderCAScommunity.ComputationalthinkingmappingundertakenbyMarkDorling,CynthiaSelbyandJohnWoollard.
© 2014 Mark Dorling and Matthew Walker. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
15
QuickStart Computing
Computing Progression PathwaysPupil
Progression Algorithms Programming & Development Data & Data Representation Hardware & Processing Communication & Networks Information Technology
• Understandswhatanalgorithmisandisabletoexpresssimplelinear(non-branching)algorithmssymbolically.(AL)
• Understandsthatcomputersneedpreciseinstructions. (AL)
• Demonstratescareandprecisiontoavoiderrors. (AL)
• Knowsthatuserscandeveloptheirownprograms,andcandemonstratethisbycreatingasimpleprograminanenvironmentthatdoesnotrelyontexte.g.programmablerobotsetc.(AL)
• Executes,checksandchangesprograms.(AL)• Understandsthatprogramsexecutebyfollowingpreciseinstructions.(AL)
• Recognisesthatdigitalcontentcanberepresentedinmanyforms.(AB) (GE)
• Distinguishesbetweensomeoftheseformsandcanexplainthedifferentwaysthattheycommunicateinformation.(AB)
• Understandsthatcomputershavenointelligenceandthatcomputerscandonothingunlessaprogramisexecuted.(AL)
• Recognisesthatallsoftwareexecutedondigitaldevicesisprogrammed.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Obtainscontentfromtheworldwidewebusingawebbrowser.(AL)
• Understandstheimportanceofcommunicatingsafelyandrespectfullyonline,andtheneedforkeepingpersonalinformationprivate.(EV)
• Knowswhattodowhenconcernedaboutcontentorbeingcontacted.(AL)
• Usessoftwareunderthecontroloftheteachertocreate,storeandeditdigitalcontentusingappropriatefileandfoldernames.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthatpeopleinteractwithcomputers.• Sharestheiruseoftechnologyinschool.• Knowscommonusesofinformationtechnologybeyondtheclassroom.(GE)
• Talksabouttheirworkandmakeschangestoimproveit.(EV)
• Understandsthatalgorithmsareimplementedondigitaldevicesasprograms.(AL)
• Designssimplealgorithmsusingloops,andselectioni.e.ifstatements.(AL)
• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictoutcomes.(AL)
• Detectsandcorrectserrorsi.e.debugging,inalgorithms.(AL)
• Usesarithmeticoperators,ifstatements,andloops,withinprograms.(AL)
• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictthebehaviourofprograms.(AL)
• Detectsandcorrectssimplesemanticerrorsi.e.debugging,inprograms.(AL)
• Recognisesdifferenttypesofdata:text,number.(AB) (GE)
• Appreciatesthatprogramscanworkwithdifferenttypesofdata.(GE)
• Recognisesthatdatacanbestructuredintablestomakeituseful.(AB) (DE)
• Recognisesthatarangeofdigitaldevicescanbeconsideredacomputer.(AB) (GE)
• Recognisesandcanusearangeofinputandoutputdevices.
• Understandshowprogramsspecifythefunctionofageneralpurposecomputer.(AB)
• Navigatesthewebandcancarryoutsimplewebsearchestocollectdigitalcontent.(AL) (EV)
• Demonstratesuseofcomputerssafelyandresponsibly,knowingarangeofwaystoreportunacceptablecontentandcontactwhenonline.
• Usestechnologywithincreasingindependencetopurposefullyorganisedigitalcontent.(AB)
• Showsanawarenessforthequalityofdigitalcontentcollected.(EV)• Usesavarietyofsoftwaretomanipulateandpresentdigitalcontent:dataandinformation.(AL)
• Sharestheirexperiencesoftechnologyinschoolandbeyondtheclassroom.(GE) (EV)
• Talksabouttheirworkandmakesimprovementstosolutionsbasedonfeedbackreceived.(EV)
• Designssolutions(algorithms)thatuserepetitionandtwo-wayselectioni.e.if,thenandelse.(AL)
• Usesdiagramstoexpresssolutions.(AB)• Useslogicalreasoningtopredictoutputs,showinganawarenessofinputs.(AL)
• Createsprogramsthatimplementalgorithmstoachievegivengoals.(AL)
• Declaresandassignsvariables.(AB)• Usespost-testedloope.g.‘until’,andasequenceofselectionstatementsinprograms,includinganif,thenandelsestatement.(AL)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweendataandinformation.(AB)
• Knowswhysortingdatainaflatfilecanimprovesearchingforinformation.(EV)
• Usesfiltersorcanperformsinglecriteriasearchesforinformation.(AL)
• Knowsthatcomputerscollectdatafromvariousinputdevices,includingsensorsandapplicationsoftware.(AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweenhardwareandapplicationsoftware,andtheirroleswithinacomputersystem.(AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetweentheinternetandinternetservicee.g.worldwideweb.(AB)
• Showsanawarenessof,andcanusearangeofinternetservicese.g.VOIP.
• Recogniseswhatisacceptableandunacceptablebehaviourwhenusingtechnologiesandonlineservices.
• Collects,organisesandpresentsdataandinformationindigitalcontent.(AB)
• Createsdigitalcontenttoachieveagivengoalthroughcombiningsoftwarepackagesandinternetservicestocommunicatewithawideraudiencee.g.blogging.(AL)
• Makesappropriateimprovementstosolutionsbasedonfeedbackreceived,andcancommentonthesuccessofthesolution.(EV)
• Showsanawarenessoftasksbestcompletedbyhumansorcomputers.(EV)
• Designssolutionsbydecomposingaproblemandcreatesasub-solutionforeachoftheseparts.(DE) (AL) (AB)
• Recognisesthatdifferentsolutionsexistforthesameproblem.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween,andappropriatelyusesifandif,thenandelsestatements.(AL)
• Usesavariableandrelationaloperatorswithinalooptogoverntermination.(AL) (GE)
• Designs,writesanddebugsmodularprogramsusingprocedures.(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Knowsthataprocedurecanbeusedtohidethedetailwithsub-solution.(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Performsmorecomplexsearchesforinformatione.g.usingBooleanandrelationaloperators.(AL) (GE) (EV)
• Analysesandevaluatesdataandinformation,andrecognisesthatpoorqualitydataleadstounreliableresults,andinaccurateconclusions.(AL) (EV)
• Understandswhyandwhencomputersareused.(EV)
• Understandsthemainfunctionsoftheoperatingsystem.(DE) (AB)
• Knowsthedifferencebetweenphysical,wirelessandmobilenetworks.(AB)
• Understandshowtoeffectivelyusesearchengines,andknowshowsearchresultsareselected,includingthatsearchenginesuse‘webcrawlerprograms’.(AB) (GE) (EV)
• Selects,combinesandusesinternetservices.(EV)• Demonstratesresponsibleuseoftechnologiesandonlineservices,andknowsarangeofwaystoreportconcerns.
• Makesjudgementsaboutdigitalcontentwhenevaluatingandrepurposingitforagivenaudience.(EV) (GE)
• Recognisestheaudiencewhendesigningandcreatingdigitalcontent.(EV)
• Understandsthepotentialofinformationtechnologyforcollaborationwhencomputersarenetworked.(GE)
• Usescriteriatoevaluatethequalityofsolutions,canidentifyimprovementsmakingsomerefinementstothesolution,andfuturesolutions.(EV)
• Understandsthatiterationistherepetitionofaprocesssuchasaloop.(AL)
• Recognisesthatdifferentalgorithmsexistforthesameproblem.(AL) (GE)
• Representssolutionsusingastructurednotation.(AL) (AB)
• Canidentifysimilaritiesanddifferencesinsituationsandcanusethesetosolveproblems(patternrecognition).(GE)
• Understandsthatprogrammingbridgesthegapbetweenalgorithmicsolutionsandcomputers.(AB)
• Haspracticalexperienceofahigh-leveltextuallanguage,includingusingstandardlibrarieswhenprogramming.(AB) (AL)
• Usesarangeofoperatorsandexpressionse.g.Boolean,andappliestheminthecontextofprogramcontrol.(AL)
• Selectstheappropriatedatatypes.(AL) (AB)
• Knowsthatdigitalcomputersusebinarytorepresentalldata.(AB)
• Understandshowbitpatternsrepresentnumbersandimages.(AB)
• Knowsthatcomputerstransferdatainbinary.(AB)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenbinaryandfilesize(uncompressed).(AB)
• Definesdatatypes:realnumbersandBoolean.(AB)
• Queriesdataononetableusingatypicalquerylanguage.(AB)
• Recognisesandunderstandsthefunctionofthemaininternalpartsofbasiccomputerarchitecture.(AB)
• Understandstheconceptsbehindthefetch-executecycle.(AB) (AL)
• Knowsthatthereisarangeofoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwareforthesamehardware.(AB)
• Understandshowsearchenginesranksearchresults.(AL)
• UnderstandshowtoconstructstaticwebpagesusingHTMLandCSS.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsdatatransmissionbetweendigitalcomputersovernetworks,includingtheinterneti.e.IPaddressesandpacketswitching. (AL) (AB)
• Evaluatestheappropriatenessofdigitaldevices,internetservicesandapplicationsoftwaretoachievegivengoals.(EV)
• Recognisesethicalissuessurroundingtheapplicationofinformationtechnologybeyondschool.
• Designscriteriatocriticallyevaluatethequalityofsolutions,usesthecriteriatoidentifyimprovementsandcanmakeappropriaterefinementstothesolution.(EV)
• Understandsarecursivesolutiontoaproblemrepeatedlyappliesthesamesolutiontosmallerinstancesoftheproblem.(AL) (GE)
• Recognisesthatsomeproblemssharethesamecharacteristicsandusethesamealgorithmtosolveboth.(AL) (GE)
• Understandsthenotionofperformanceforalgorithmsandappreciatesthatsomealgorithmshavedifferentperformancecharacteristicsforthesametask.(AL)(EV)
• Usesnestedselectionstatements.(AL)• Appreciatestheneedfor,andwrites,customfunctionsincludinguseofparameters.(AL) (AB)
• Knowsthedifferencebetween,andusesappropriately,proceduresandfunctions.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsandusesnegationwithoperators.(AL)
• Usesandmanipulatesonedimensionaldatastructures.(AB)
• Detectsandcorrectssyntacticalerrors.(AL)
• Understandshownumbers,images,soundsandcharactersetsusethesamebitpatterns.(AB) (GE)
• Performssimpleoperationsusingbitpatternse.g.binaryaddition.(AB) (AL)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenresolutionandcolourdepth,includingtheeffectonfilesize.(AB)
• Distinguishesbetweendatausedinasimpleprogram(avariable)andthestoragestructureforthatdata.(AB)
• UnderstandsthevonNeumannarchitectureinrelationtothefetch-executecycle,includinghowdataisstoredinmemory.(AB) (GE)
• Understandsthebasicfunctionandoperationoflocationaddressablememory.(AB)
• Knowsthenamesofhardwaree.g.hubs,routers,switches,andthenamesofprotocolse.g.SMTP,iMAP,POP,FTP,TCP/IP,associatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems.(AB)
• Usestechnologiesandonlineservicessecurely,andknowshowtoidentifyandreportinappropriateconduct.(AL)
• Justifiesthechoiceofandindependentlycombinesandusesmultipledigitaldevices,internetservicesandapplicationsoftwaretoachievegivengoals.(EV)
• Evaluatesthetrustworthinessofdigitalcontentandconsiderstheusabilityofvisualdesignfeatureswhendesigningandcreatingdigitalartifactsforaknownaudience.(EV)
• Identifiesandexplainshowtheuseoftechnologycanimpactonsociety.
• Designscriteriaforuserstoevaluatethequalityofsolutions,usesthefeedbackfromtheuserstoidentifyimprovementsandcanmakeappropriaterefinementstothesolution.(EV)
• Recognisesthatthedesignofanalgorithmisdistinctfromitsexpressioninaprogramminglanguage(whichwilldependontheprogrammingconstructsavailable).(AL) (AB)
• Evaluatestheeffectivenessofalgorithmsandmodelsforsimilarproblems.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Recogniseswhereinformationcanbefilteredoutingeneralizingproblemsolutions.(AL) (AB) (GE)
• Useslogicalreasoningtoexplainhowanalgorithmworks.(AL) (AB) (DE)
• Representsalgorithmsusingstructuredlanguage.(AL) (DE) (AB)
• Appreciatestheeffectofthescopeofavariablee.g.alocalvariablecan’tbeaccessedfromoutsideitsfunction.(AB) (AL)
• Understandsandappliesparameterpassing.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween,anduses,bothpre-testede.g.‘while’,andpost-testede.g.‘until’loops.(AL)
• Appliesamodularapproachtoerrordetectionandcorrection.(AB) (DE) (GE)
• Knowstherelationshipbetweendatarepresentationanddataquality.(AB)
• Understandstherelationshipbetweenbinaryandelectricalcircuits,includingBooleanlogic.(AB)
• Understandshowandwhyvaluesaredatatypedinmanydifferentlanguageswhenmanipulatedwithinprograms.(AB)
• Knowsthatprocessorshaveinstructionsetsandthattheserelatetolow-levelinstructionscarriedoutbyacomputer.(AB) (AL) (GE)
• Knowsthepurposeofthehardwareandprotocolsassociatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems.(AB) (AL)
• Understandstheclient-servermodelincludinghowdynamicwebpagesuseserver-sidescriptingandthatwebserversprocessandstoredataenteredbyusers.(AL) (AB) (DE)
• Recognisesthatpersistenceofdataontheinternetrequirescarefulprotectionofonlineidentityandprivacy.
• Undertakescreativeprojectsthatcollect,analyse,andevaluatedatatomeettheneedsofaknownusergroup.(AL) (DE) (EV)
• Effectivelydesignsandcreatesdigitalartefactsforawiderorremoteaudience.(AL) (DE)
• Considersthepropertiesofmediawhenimportingthemintodigitalartefacts.(AB)
• Documentsuserfeedback,theimprovementsidentifiedandtherefinementsmadetothesolution.(AB)
• Explainsandjustifieshowtheuseoftechnologyimpactsonsociety,fromtheperspectiveofsocial,economical,political,legal,ethicalandmoralissues.(EV)
• Designsasolutiontoaproblemthatdependsonsolutionstosmallerinstancesofthesameproblem(recursion).(AL) (DE) (AB) (GE)
• Understandsthatsomeproblemscannotbesolvedcomputationally.(AB) (GE)
• Designsandwritesnestedmodularprogramsthatenforcereusabilityutilisingsub-routineswhereverpossible. (AL) (AB) (GE) (DE)
• Understandsthedifferencebetween‘While’loopand‘For’loop,whichusesaloopcounter.(AL) (AB)
• Understandsandusestwodimensionaldatastructures.(AB) (DE)
• Performsoperationsusingbitpatternse.g.conversionbetweenbinaryandhexadecimal,binarysubtractionetc.(AB) (AL) (GE)
• Understandsandcanexplaintheneedfordatacompression,andperformssimplecompressionmethods.(AL) (AB)
• Knowswhatarelationaldatabaseis,andunderstandsthebenefitsofstoringdatainmultipletables.(AB) (GE) (DE)
• Haspracticalexperienceofasmall(hypothetical)lowlevelprogramminglanguage.(AB) (AL) (DE) (GE)
• UnderstandsandcanexplainMoore’sLaw.(GE)
• Understandsandcanexplainmultitaskingbycomputers.(AB) (AL) (DE)
• Understandsthehardwareassociatedwithnetworkingcomputersystems,includingWANsandLANs,understandstheirpurposeandhowtheywork,includingMACaddresses.(AB) (AL) (DE) (GE)
• Understandstheethicalissuessurroundingtheapplicationofinformationtechnology,andtheexistenceoflegalframeworksgoverningitsusee.g.DataProtectionAct,ComputerMisuseAct,Copyrightetc.(EV)
Note:EachoftheProgressionPathwaystatementsisunderpinnedbyone-or-morelearningoutcomes(dueforpublicationin2014),providinggreaterdetailofwhatshouldbetaughttoachieveeachProgressionPathwaystatementandNationalCurriculumpointofstudy.
Computational Thinking Concept: AB=Abstraction;DE=Decomposition;AL=AlgorithmicThinking;EV=Evaluation;GE=Generalisation©2014MarkDorlingandMatthewWalker.ReviewedbySimonHumphreysandSueSentanceofComputingAtSchool,CASMasterTeachers,andbyteachersandacademicsfromthewiderCAScommunity.ComputationalthinkingmappingundertakenbyMarkDorling,CynthiaSelbyandJohnWoollard.
© 2014 Mark Dorling and Matthew Walker. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.