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Progress with Laser Plasma Acceleration and Prospects of LPA HEP Colliders Wim Leemans LOASIS Program and BELLA Team APS-DPF Meeting August 12, 2011 http://loasis.lbl.gov/ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory UC Berkeley

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2 SLAC 50 GeV 7 TeV LHC Accelerators: drivers for science DNADNA 2 GeV X-rays

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Laser plasma acceleration enables development of compact accelerators 3 m-scale 100 micron-scale 10 40 MV/m 10 100 GV/m Plasmas sustain extreme fields => compact accelerators Can this technology be developed for energy frontier machines, light sources, medical or homeland security applications? W=E z x L

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Wish list for an e + - e - TeV collider... Energy = O(1 TeV, c.m.) Length = O(soccer field) E z = O(10 GV/m) Luminosity > 10 34 cm -2 s -1 Cost = Affordable Beam power, beam quality Wall plug efficiency, technology choice

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Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators Multi-GeV beams Lasers: high average power Modeling High quality beams laser Staging, optimized structures 10-100 TW Diagnostics/Radiation sources PW-class BELLA

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7 Channel guided laser plasma accelerators have produced up to GeV beams from cm-scale structures C. G. R. Geddes,et al, Nature,431, p538 (2004) S. Mangles et al., Nature 431, p535 (2004) J. Faure et al., Nature 431, p541 (2004) 2004 result: 10 TW laser, mm-scale plasma 2006 result: 40 TW laser, cm-scale plasma W.P. Leemans et. al, Nature Physics 2, p696 (2006) K. Nakamura et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 056708 (2007) 1.1 GeV

Laser plasma accelerator (today) Collider (>20 yrs) Lightsource (10 yrs) Security Apps (5-10 yrs) Medical (10 yrs) Laser development

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25 1 TeV case: 420 kW/laser, 13 kHz (32 J/pulse) with 30% wall plug efficiency and we need 100 of them

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26 Laser technology: key component for sustained progress How to reach laser average power levels needed for science apps? Develop roadmap for science and technology to develop next generation lasers: Important for accelerators (see Accelerators for Americas Future document) Unique differences between lasers for defense and for science Will require major research investment at National Labs, Universities and Industry with potential for international collaborations ICFA-ICUIL Joint Taskforce for roadmap development

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27 Novel lasers and materials are being developed Amplifiers - Rods, slabs, discs and fibers Materials for amplifiers, mirrors and compressor gratings - Ceramics and diamond - Nano-fabricated structures Diodes and small quantum defect materials O(10 kW) fibers (CW power) reality now!

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28 Major investments - Example: European Extreme Light Infrastructure - Four pillars (three funded at 790Meuro): 1. attosecond and XUV science: Hungary 2. High-brightness x-ray and particle sources: Czech Republic 3. Photo-nuclear science, transmutation,...: Romania 4. Ultra-high intensity science (non-lin QED): Russia ???

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30 Conclusion Laser plasma accelerator science is vibrant - GeV beam demonstrated with %-level energy spread - BELLA facility aims at 10 GeV in 1 meter - FEL proof-of-principle experiments towards Light Source Facility - Gamma-ray sources, medical and other applications Collider is still far off but basic concepts are being developed: - Operation in quasi-linear regime for e- and e+ acceleration - Transverse control of plasma profile for guiding laser beam - Injection control and efficiency optimization: - Longitudinal control of plasma profile - Laser mode control allows emittance control - Low emittance observed -- FEL experiment will be litmus test Laser technology must undergo revolution towards high average power 30

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Team, collaborators and funding Primary collaborators Postdocs K. Nakamura (E) M. Chen (S) C. Benedetti (S+T) T. Sokollik (E) Students M. Bakeman (PhD) -- graduated 2011 C. Lin (PhD) -- graduated 2011 R. Mittal (PhD) G. Plateau (PhD) -- graduating 2011 S. Shiraishi (PhD) D. Mittelberger (PhD) C. Koschitzki (PhD) B. Shaw (PhD) L. Yu (PhD) Staff S. Bulanov (T, UCB) E. Esarey (T) C. Geddes (S+E) A. Gonsalves (E) W. Leemans (E) N. Matlis (E) C. Schroeder (T) C. Toth (E) J. van Tilborg (E) Eng/Techs R. Duarte Z. Eisentraut A. Magana S. Fournier D. Munson K. Sihler D. Syversrud N. Ybarrolaza LBNL: M. Battaglia, W. Byrne, J. Byrd, W. Fawley, K. Robinson, D. Rodgers, R. Donahue, Al Smith, R. Ryne. TechX-Corp: J. Cary, D. Bruhwiler, et al. SciDAC team Oxford Univ.: S. Hooker et al. DESY/Hamburg: F. Gruener et al. GSI: T. Stoehlker, D. Thorn Trieste: F. Parmigiani BELLA Team members S. Zimmermann J. Coyne D. Lockhart G. Sanen S. Walker-Lam K. Barat

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Collider power and efficiency requirements: well beyond current state-of-the-art Beam power: P b = fNE cm N ~ 4x10 9 f ~ 15 kH z E cm ~ 1 TeV P b ~ 4.8 MW Collider based on 10-GeV stages: ~32 J/laser at 15 kHz = ~480 kW average power laser/stage (100 stages) Well beyond state-of-the-art for high peak power laser technology Laser technology development required ~20% laser to beam efficiency ~30% wall-plug to laser efficiency Laser to plasma wave efficiency: ~50% Plasma wave to beam efficiency: ~40% 6% efficiency => AC wall-plug power ~ 80 MW

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