Progress since the Progress since the February 2005 February 2005

London DNA Barcode London DNA Barcode of of

Life ConferenceLife ConferenceScott Miller, ChairScott Miller, Chair

Consortium for the Barcode Consortium for the Barcode of Lifeof Life

Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Institution

CBOL’s HistoryCBOL’s History• 2003: First barcoding publications2003: First barcoding publications• 2003: Sloan Fdn supports Banbury workshops2003: Sloan Fdn supports Banbury workshops• 2004: Sloan 2-year inaugural CBOL grant2004: Sloan 2-year inaugural CBOL grant• 2004: Secretariat opens at Smithsonian2004: Secretariat opens at Smithsonian• 2005: International conference London2005: International conference London• 2006: Sloan 2-year renewal grant2006: Sloan 2-year renewal grant

• Now an international affiliation of:Now an international affiliation of: Natural history museums, biodiversity Natural history museums, biodiversity

organizationsorganizations Users: e.g., government agenciesUsers: e.g., government agencies Private sector biotech companies, database Private sector biotech companies, database

providersproviders

First International Barcode of First International Barcode of Life Conference, NHM LondonLife Conference, NHM London• 240 participants from 44 countries240 participants from 44 countries• 38 CBOL Member Organizations38 CBOL Member Organizations• Announced plans for All-Fish and All-Announced plans for All-Fish and All-

Birds initiativesBirds initiatives• 30,000 barcode records in BOLD 30,000 barcode records in BOLD

from ~10,000 speciesfrom ~10,000 species• First evidence of effectiveness of First evidence of effectiveness of

barcoding for identificationbarcoding for identification

Growth of CBOLGrowth of CBOL• Executive Committee from 4 continentsExecutive Committee from 4 continents• Scientific Advisory Board from 13 countriesScientific Advisory Board from 13 countries• 159 Member Organizations from 50 159 Member Organizations from 50

countriescountries• Outreach meetings to Africa, South/Central Outreach meetings to Africa, South/Central

America, AsiaAmerica, Asia• Now 54 Member Organizations from 23 Now 54 Member Organizations from 23

LDCsLDCs• Network of 16 “Leading Labs”Network of 16 “Leading Labs”• Strong partnerships with Strong partnerships with

GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ, GBIF, EOLGenBank/EMBL/DDBJ, GBIF, EOL

CBOL’s Mission:CBOL’s Mission:Promoting DNA BarcodingPromoting DNA Barcoding

as a Global Standard as a Global Standard1.1. Developing/raising community standardsDeveloping/raising community standards2.2. Barcode projects to populate databaseBarcode projects to populate database3.3. Global participation and coordinationGlobal participation and coordination4.4. Acceptance by taxonomic communityAcceptance by taxonomic community5.5. Coordination with other fields of scienceCoordination with other fields of science6.6. Adoption by regulatory agenciesAdoption by regulatory agencies7.7. Product development by private companiesProduct development by private companies

CBOL Member Organizations: 2007

• 150+ Member organizations, 50 countries

• 50+ Member organizations from 20+ developing countries

CBOL StructureCBOL Structure

Member Organizations

Executive Committee

Working Groups

Scientific Advisory Board

Secretariat Office

Growth of BOLD, Barcode Growth of BOLD, Barcode DataData

• Now ~300,000 BOLD records from Now ~300,000 BOLD records from 31,000 species31,000 species

• FISH-BOL has barcoded 14% of speciesFISH-BOL has barcoded 14% of species• ABBI has completed North American ABBI has completed North American

birdsbirds• Tephritids and Mosquitos underwayTephritids and Mosquitos underway• BARCODE data standards adoptedBARCODE data standards adopted• Now thousands of fully compliant Now thousands of fully compliant

recordsrecords

Biodiversity Informatics:Biodiversity Informatics:Fragmented, UnconnectedFragmented, Unconnected

Journal Publication

Species Name

Voucher Specimen

??

Type specimens

Varied species concepts: - BSC (hard to apply) - Typology - Genetic lineages

DNA Barcodes:DNA Barcodes:A Key Variable for Biodiversity A Key Variable for Biodiversity

InformaticsInformatics

Journal Publication

Species Name

Voucher Specimen

Barcode Sequence

Authority files of taxonomic

names

Museum databases of

associated dataDatabases of species

occurrences and distribution

Barcode Sequence

Voucher Specimen

Species Name

Specimen Metadata

Literature(link to content or

citation)

BARCODE Records in GenBank

Indices - Catalogue of Life - GBIF/ECAT

Nomenclators - Zoo Record - IPNI - NameBank

Publication links - New species

GeoreferenceHabitat

Character setsImages

BehaviorOther genes

Trace filesOther

DatabasesPhylogenetic

Pop’n GeneticsEcological

Primers

Databases - Provisional sp.

Links to Taxonomic LiteratureLinks to Taxonomic Literature• London meeting on electronic access London meeting on electronic access

to taxonomic literature, 2005to taxonomic literature, 2005• Catalyzed Biodiversity Heritage Catalyzed Biodiversity Heritage

LibraryLibrarywww.biodiversitylibrary.orgwww.biodiversitylibrary.org

• Proactive steps with PubMed to add Proactive steps with PubMed to add taxonomic journals to online abstractstaxonomic journals to online abstracts

• Aggressive negotiation with Aggressive negotiation with publishers of barcoding paperspublishers of barcoding papers

• Involvement in Encyclopedia of LifeInvolvement in Encyclopedia of Life

Adoption by RegulatorsAdoption by RegulatorsInternationalInternational• FISH-BOL and fish regulatory agenciesFISH-BOL and fish regulatory agencies

CBOL workshop in Taipei, September 2007CBOL workshop in Taipei, September 2007• FAO and International Plant Protection FAO and International Plant Protection

ConventionConvention Proposal for Diagnostic Protocols for fruit flies Proposal for Diagnostic Protocols for fruit flies

• CITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOsCITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOs International Steering Committee, identifying pilot International Steering Committee, identifying pilot

projectsprojectsNational examplesNational examples• US Federal Aviation Administration – BirdsUS Federal Aviation Administration – Birds• US Environmental Protection Agency – Aquatic US Environmental Protection Agency – Aquatic

insectsinsects• US Department of Agriculture – Fruit fliesUS Department of Agriculture – Fruit flies

Preview of the Third Preview of the Third International Barcode International Barcode

Conference (2009)Conference (2009)• 1 million barcode records1 million barcode records• 100,000 species100,000 species• Identifying unknowns in 30 minutes for less Identifying unknowns in 30 minutes for less

than US$1than US$1• Barcoding is a validated lab procedureBarcoding is a validated lab procedure• Port inspectors starting to test unknowns Port inspectors starting to test unknowns

with barcodes in several countrieswith barcodes in several countries• Portable sequencing ?Portable sequencing ?• Completion of the first local barcode biotic Completion of the first local barcode biotic

inventoryinventory