Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of detected cases of trafficking

• GLOTIP database (2003 -2015)

– Profile on 180,000 victims detected

– On 120,000 persons prosecuted

– On 50,000 persons convicted

• The narrative of 220 cases of trafficking concluded with a 1st sentence of conviction

128 countries covered

Persons prosecuted for trafficking, by gender,

2010-2012

Persons convicted for trafficking, by gender,

2010-2012

• Qualitative analysis shows;– Female traffickers are normally involved in TiP of

female victims (normally girls) for sexual exploitation

– If parts of criminal groups, they are used to recruit victims • sometimes former victims recruiting new victims• sometimes victims forced to recruit new victims the get

a reduction on their debts

• Qualitative analysis shows;– There are cases of large criminal groups led by

women, i.e. Eastern Europe or West African trafficking for sexual exploitation.

– When not an OC involvement, role of women important - They maybe victims’ mothers or family members.

– Frequent cases of couples traffickers in TiP for sexual exploitation and domestic servitude

Foreigners from other regions

14%

Foreigners from countries in the same

region22%

Nationals64%

Citizenship of convicted traffickers globally, 2010-2012

Countries of origin

Countries of destination

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

National of -fenders; 95%

National of -fenders; 42%

Foreign offenders, 5%

Foreign offenders; 58%

making use of nationals lever-aging on the trust with victims (?)

Citizenship countries of convicted traffickers in origin and destination

• Quantitative and qualitative analyses conducted show– Traffickers normally recruit in their own countries

and move them into destination countries.

– Here victims maybe exploited by locals or other nationals.

• On the role of Organized Crime in TiP

– Wide range of criminal behaviours under TiP can be present at the same time in the same place.

• by one person acting alone (similar to domestic violence), • by a small group of criminals with few connections, • by transnational organized criminal groups involved in other illicit

trafficking.

– The analysis shows the more severe organized crime is in certain countries, the more victims from these countries are detected in main destinations (Europe, North America and Middle East).

Typology on the organization of trafficking in personsSmall local operations Medium subregional operations Large transregional operations

Domestic or short-distance

One or few traffickers

Small number of victims

Limited investment and profits

No travel documents needed for border crossings

No or very limited organization required

Within the subregion or neigh-bouring subregions

Small group of traffickers

More than one victims

Some investments and some profits depending on the number of victims

Border crossings with or without travel documents

Some organization needed depending on border crossings and number of victims

Long distance between different regions

Traffickers involved in organized crime

Large number of victims

High investments and high profits

Border crossings always require travel documents

Sophisticated organization needed to move large number of victims long distance

Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016

Release date: November 2016

www.unodc.org/glotip