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Professor Michael J. Losacco CIS 1110 Using Computers System Unit Chapter 4

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Chapter4 2/28 Overview Describe System Unit Components Identify Motherboard Components Describe Processor Functions Explain Computer Data Representation Differentiate Memory Types Differentiate Ports & Connectors

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Chapter4 3/28 System Unit Case Containing Electronic Components

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Chapter4 4/28 Common Components Processor Memory Adapter Cards Video Sound Modem Network Ports Drive Bays Power Supply

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Chapter4 5/28 Motherboard Main Circuit Board in System Unit Contains Processor Memory Adapter Cards Chips Integrated Circuits

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Chapter4 6/28 Processor Central Processing Unit (CPU) Interprets & Executes Basic Instructions Components Control Unit Directs & Coordinates Operations Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Arithmetic (+-*/) Comparison (=) Logical (and or not)

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Chapter4 7/28 Processor System Clock Controls Timing of All Operations Generates Ticks Regular Electronic Pulses Smallest Unit of Time Recognized by a Device

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Chapter4 8/28 Processor System Clock Processor Speed Measured by Ticks/Second MHz One Million Ticks/Second Type 100 Words/Minute = 8 Characters/Second 8088 Processor @ 4.77 MHz Character 50,000 Other Tasks Character GHz One Billion Ticks per Second

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Chapter4 9/28 Processor Machine Cycle Fetch Obtain Instruction From Memory Decode Translate Instruction to Commands Execute Carry Out Command Store Write Result to Memory CPU Executes 1-3+ Cycles per Tick

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Chapter4 10/28 Processor Machine Cycle Example 1) Fetch instruction: Get number at address 123456 2) Decode instruction 3) Execute: ALU finds the number (which is 5) 4) Store: The number 5 is stored in a register 5 8) Repeat steps for another number (which is 6) 9) Fetch instruction: Add number in Reg1 to Reg2 10) Decode instruction 11) Execute: ALU adds the numbers 12) Store: The answer is stored in a register 13) Fetch instruction: Display answer on screen 14) Decode instruction 15) Execute: Display answer on screen

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Chapter4 11/28 Processor Cooling Systems Heat Sink Component that Cools Processor Heat Pipe Used in Notebooks Liquid Cooling Continuous Fluid Flow Transfers Heat Away

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Chapter4 12/28 Data Representation Binary Most Computers are Digital Recognize Two Discrete States On / Off Equivalent Numbering System Bits (Binary Digit) Two Unique Digits 0 / 1

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Chapter4 13/28 Data Representation Byte Eight Bits Grouped Together Represent Numbers Uppercase & Lowercase Letters Punctuation Special Characters 35D35D

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Chapter4 14/28 Data Representation Coding Systems ASCII PC EBCDIC Mainframe Unicode Other Languages

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Chapter4 15/28 Memory One or More Chips on Motherboard Each Byte Stored in Unique Location Address Stores Three Basic Categories of Items OS & Other System Software Application Program Instructions Data Being Processed & Resulting Info

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Chapter4 16/28 Memory Sizes

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Chapter4 17/28 Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) Read From / Written To by Processor Volatile Content Lost When Power is Absent More = Faster Operation DRAM (Dynamic) Standard SRAM (Static) MRAM (Magnetoresistive)

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Chapter4 18/28 Memory Location Memory Resides on Small Circuit Board Memory Module Memory Slots Hold Memory Modules On Motherboard

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Chapter4 19/28 Memory System Requirements Based on Types of Applications Used Cache Speeds Computer Processes Stores Frequently Used Instructions & Data

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Chapter4 20/28 Memory ROM (Read Only Memory) Stores Permanent Data & Instructions Non-volatile Types Firmware Permanently Written Data BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) Sequence of Instructions to Start Computer PROM Blank EEPROM Electrically Erasable PROM

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Chapter4 21/28 Memory Flash Non-volatile Can be Erased & Reprogrammed Used in Cell Phone Digital Camera MP3 Player USB Storage

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Chapter4 22/28 Additional Functionality Expansion Slots & Adapter Cards Expansion Slot Socket on Motherboard Holds Adapter Card Adapter Card Enhances System Unit Provides Connections to Peripherals Plug n Play Automatically Configured When Installed

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Chapter4 23/28 Additional Functionality Port Connects Peripheral to System Unit Connector Joins Cable to Peripheral Male or Female

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Chapter4 24/28 Additional Functionality Ports & Connectors

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Chapter4 25/28 Additional Functionality USB (Universal Serial Bus) Printer, Digital Camera, Phone, Flash, etc. Bluetooth Wireless Firewire Data Transfer IrDA Wireless Data Transfer

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Chapter4 26/28 Bus Pathway Used to Communicate On Motherboard Allows Devices to Communicate with Each Other Data Bus Address Bus Bus Width Word Number of Bits Processor can Use at Once

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Chapter4 27/28 Other Components Bay Opening Inside System Unit Used to Install Additional Equipment Typically Holds Disk Drives Power Supply Converts AC Power into DC Power Fan Keeps System Unit Components Cool

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Chapter4 28/28 Maintenance Clean Device Once or Twice a Year Turn Off & Unplug Device Compressed Air to Blow Out Dust Clean Case Exterior Antistatic Wipe Clean Monitor Cleaning Solution & Soft Cloth