professor isam shahrour summer course « smart and sustainable city » chapter 5 “smart...

Sustainable and Smart City : AUST Summer Course

Chapter 5 : Smart Electrical Grid

Professor Isam SHAHROUR Isam.shahrour@univ-‐lille1.fr

Ø Electrical distribu.on system Ø Electrical Smart Grid Ø Smart Grid Pilot

Sources of electricity in the world

(1)

(2)

(3) (5)

(4)

Electrical grid system

Lignes HTB (Haute Tension) (400 kV) Lignes HTA (Moyenne Tension) (63 à 225 kV) Ligne Basse Tension (230 et 400 V)

France (1)

(2)

(3)

(5)

(4) (6)

Electrical Grid – France

ERDF

RTE

Electrical ConsumpRon, France August, 16, 2014

February, 11, 2014

June 17, 2014

Electrical ConsumpRon, France 2014

Distributed Electrical grid (Renewable energy, storage)

ConsumpRon

ProducRon

Storage

Lebanon electrical system Electricity of Lebanon: •  Public establishment with an industrial and

commercial voca.on. •  Founded in 1966 •  Responsible for the genera.on, transmission

and distribu.on of the electricity in Lebanon. •  Controls over 90% of the Lebanese electricity

sector

Lebanon Other actors : •  hydroelectric power plants of Litani River

Authority, •  Concessions for hydroelectric power plants

such as Nahr Ibrahim and Al Bared •  Distribu.on concessions in Zahle, Jbeil, Aley,

and Bhamdoun.

Lebanon The transmission network consists of •  High voltage power lines (66, 150, and 220 kV ) • More than 1 615 km (1336 km of overhead lines and 279km of underground cables) of various voltages used for transmission and distribu.on.

•  58 power substa.ons conver.ng power from high voltage to medium voltage. •  Substa.ons conver.ng power from medium to low voltage (more than 15,000 transformers )

The government has contractually agreed to a three year service of two Turkish power ships that will provide 270 MW

Poor performance of the electrical system

1.   Aging power plants: •  The last power plant was installed in the early 2000s. •  Around 50% of the installed capacity is 20 to 40 years old (life span between 20 to 30 years ; requires con.nuous maintenance)

•  10% of the genera.on capacity is even over 40 years old

2. Lack of maintenance: Power plants are subject to long periods of opera.on at high loads with li`le maintenance which reduces their life.me and their efficiency.

3. Sub-‐opRmal fuel mix Beddawi and Zahrani (435 MW) are equipped with combined cycle gas turbines, which are designed to best operate using natural gas. Both use gas-‐oil which substan.ally reduces the plants’ efficiency and rapidly degrades the turbines.


4. Large Losses in Transmission and DistribuRon About 15% of the energy losses (8-‐10% in Western countries), due to : •  Lack of rehabilita.on of power lines •  inadequacy in the number of substa.ons


Technical Losses and Power Shortages in MW (2009), Copyrights: Carboun

Challenges of the electrical system


The Interna.onal Energy Agency es.ma.on for 2030: -‐  over $6 trillion of investment in transmission and distribu.on and as much for genera.on.

-‐  5,087 GW of genera.ng capacity with 2,700 GW for developing countries (1,100 GW in China).

1. Growing power demand Combina.on of growing demand for electricity and the need to upgrade exis.ng equipment requires massive investment.

Department of Energy US


2. IntegraRng of renewable energy The increase development of renewable energy requires development of innova.ve solu.ons (technology, storage, sogware, management skills) for an effec.ve integra.on of different sources into the electrical grid with addi.onal capacity in the response demand strategy.


3. Increase the efficiency of the system •  Around 66% of the primary energy is lost

in power conversion (genera.on), •  Up to 16% of the electricity is lost in the grid (US Energy AdministraRon esRmated the cost of electrical lost to $20 billion in 2005).


4. Increase the reliability and stability of the grid The stability and reliability of the electrical supply is vital for industry, services and life quality. Supply faults could cause huge disturbance and economic lost.

Energy Security

Other blackout : •  Italy (2003):

$ 55 billions •  Indonesia (2005)

$ 100 billions

US Blackout (2003) •  50 Million people •  24 hours for full recovery •  Cost: $6 to $10 billion

Cost of the electrical outage in the United States : between $80 billion and $188 billion /year


5. Increase the compaRbility and standardizaRon Compa.bility is vital for interconnec.ng systems between countries or across con.nents.


6. Update the grid to the new market (price variaRon) In an open electrical markets, the price of electricity could fluctuate widely by the hour or even by the minute. Innova.on is required to help users to beneficiate from these opportuni.es or (and) reduce their impact.

7. Decrease the peak demand : Huge save in the infrastructure

Deploying ba-ery storage in commercial buildings: opportuni6es and challenges, 5 June 2013 | Issue 3 By Amir Kavousian, Jus6n Ho, Larry Win, and Heming Yip


Movies A1 to A3

Ø Electrical distribu.on system Ø Electrical Smart Grid Ø Pilot project

Health, Educa.on Art, Culture

SubstaRon monitoring

Ba`ery

Central Unit

CommunicaRon system

Smart short Circuit

Motor

Current Sensor

Voltage Sensor

1.  OpRmal management of the demand-‐response

•  Enhance the demand es.ma.on with regular update •  Enhance the es.ma.on of the energy sources availability (renewable energy and storage capacity included) and with regular update. This es.ma.on could by conducted at small and large scales.

•  Applica.on of incen.ve measurement (price varia.on) for the reduc.on of the peak consump.on.

•  Adapta.on of the electrical produc.on to the demand.

Smart Grid provides

2. Security and reliability Reduce and minimize the service fault using protec.on and control devices across the grid. •  Rapid localiza.on of the fault. •  Rapid and automa.c interven.on to confine the system

fault and limit its extension. •  Rapid repara.on and system re-‐start

Smart Grid provides

3. Enhance the resilience The smart grid enhances the electrical and urban system resilience: -‐  Develop a global understanding of the

electrical system and its interac.on with other systems (networks, end-‐users, environment,..)

-‐  Learn from the system failure (due to natural disaster, technical or human factors)

-‐  Improve the system capacity to face failure risk -‐  Improve the system self healing

Smart Grid provides

4. Increase the end-‐users involvement conver.ng “customers” into “prosumers”: •  The global informa.on system leads to be`er

usage adjustments and cost management. •  Consumers can use more efficiently local

produc.on and storage.

Smart Grid provides

Smart Grid pilot SunRise “demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City

Electrical Grid

Figure 1: The Electrical Grid of Lille 1 -‐ ScienRfic Campus / High Tension Lines (Red) & Low (Basse) Tension Lines (Blue)

19 Substa.ons

SubstaRon M1

Transformers High Tension Distribu.on Panel (TGHT)

Low Voltage DistribuRon Panel (TGBT)

Figure 7: Vertelis Soeware

Monitoring system

The system provides : •  Automa.c reading of energy indexes with automa.c repor.ng

•  Load curves •  Sta.s.cs (min, max, average, etc.) •  Events related to the energy quality •  Status of the system

Electricity price 5 rates depending on the Rme of day and the season

IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA March 1st, 2013 – June 30th, 2013

Winter Rates HPH, HPE

Summer Rates HPE, HCE

ConsumpRon [kWh]

Total 454,124

IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA March 1st, 2013 – June 30th, 2013

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Friday, March 01, 2013





Friday, April 05, 2013




Friday, May 03, 2013





Friday, June 07, 2013




Consum

pRon

[kWh]

IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA Oct. 1st, 2013 – Feb. 28th, 2014

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500

1 000

1 500

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2 500

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Consum

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[kWh]

IUT A – monthly Consump.on Comparison

Month ConsumpRon [kWh] March 104,656

April 116,569

May 123,187

June 109,712

October 119,665

November 26,868

December 107,056

January 115,303

February 108,369

Total 931,385

July & August were leg out of this comparison, due to the fact that they are vaca.on months.

0

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40 000

60 000

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140 000

Consum

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[kWh]

Consump.on by sector March 1st, 2013 – Oct. 15th, 2013

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400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

Ranking By Building March 1st, 2013 – October 15th, 2013

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1200000

M4 Polytech IUT A Ecole Centrale C4 Camus C9

Consum

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[kWh]

Thank you

professor isam shahrour summer course « smart and sustainable city » chapter 5 “smart...

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