prof. zoltan francisc baruch computer science department technical university of cluj-napoca
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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices
Prof. Zoltan Francisc BaruchComputer Science DepartmentTechnical University of Cluj-Napoca
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Course Information (1)
Course grading30% Laboratory colloquy70% Exam (mid-term + final)Minimum grade for each activity: 5+1 point: Synthesis (optional)
Web pageshttp://users.utcluj.ro/~baruch/en/
Teaching → Input/Output Systems
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Course Information (2)
RemarksPresence at the lectures to be accepted in the final exam: min. 50%Presence at the laboratory works to be accepted in the final exam: 100%Passing the mid-term exam is very importantAt the exam, block diagrams and timing diagrams must be explained
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Bibliography (1)
Baruch, Z. F., Computer Input/Output Systems (in Romanian), Cartea Albastră, Cluj-Napoca, 2000, ISBN 973-9443-39-7
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Bibliography (2)
Rosch, Winn L., Hardware Bible, Sixth Edition, Que Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7897-2859-1
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Bibliography (3)
Mueller, Scott, Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 21st Edition, Que Publishing, 2013, ISBN 0-7897-5000-7
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Contents of the Lecture
1. Introduction2. Methods for I/O Operations3. Buses4. Liquid Crystal Displays5. Other Types of Displays6. Graphics Adapters7. Optical Discs
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1. Introduction
I/O SystemsStructure of an I/O SystemI/O Modules
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I/O Systems (1)
I/O System (IOS): performs the transfer of information between the main memory and the external environment of the computer system
External information media Other computer systems
The computer system’s performance depends on the relationship between:
Processor and memoryProcessor and I/O devices
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I/O Systems (2)
The access time and transfer rate of I/O devices influence the overall performance of the systemCPU execution time – does not include the time waiting for I/O operations or running other programs
Ignores I/O operations A more appropriate performance metric: response time
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I/O Systems (3)
Ignoring the IOS reduces the system’s global performance Example:
Assume a difference of 10% between the CPU execution time and response timeThe CPU speed increases by a factor of 10, neglecting the I/O system Amdahl’s Law: a speedup of only 5 times is achieved
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1. Introduction
I/O SystemsStructure of an I/O SystemI/O Modules
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Structure of an I/O System (1)
Structure of a computer system and a typical I/O system
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Structure of an I/O System (2)
Peripheral devices are not connected directly to the system bus for the following reasons:
There is a wide variety of peripherals, with various methods of operation The data transfer rate of peripherals can be much lower than that of memory and CPU Peripherals use different data formats and word lengths than the CPU
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1. Introduction
I/O SystemsStructure of an I/O SystemI/O Modules
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I/O Modules (1)
An I/O module (I/O controller) performs the following:
Controls the external devicesTransfers data between those devices and main memory and/or CPU registers
An internal interface: to the CPU and main memoryAn external interface: to the peripheral device
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I/O Modules (2)
Functions and main requirements for an I/O module:
Control and timing Communication with the CPU Communication with the external devices Data buffering Error detection
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I/O Modules (3)
Control and timingDuring any period of time, the CPU may communicate with one or more external devices Internal resources must be shared among several activities Function to coordinate the flow of data between internal resources and external devices
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I/O Modules (4)
Communication with the CPU includes:Command decoding
Commands signals on the control busParameters on the data bus
Data transfer between the CPU and the I/O module over the data busStatus reporting
An I/O module may be busy with the execution of the previous command BUSY signal
Address recognition for each peripheral10/02/2014
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I/O Modules (5)
Communication with the external devicesPerformed using control, status, and data signals
Data bufferingFor most peripheral devices, the transfer rate is low compared to that between main memory and CPUData transferred from main memory are buffered by the I/O module and sent to the peripheral device at its data rate
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I/O Modules (6)
Error detectionErrors should be reported to the CPUMechanical and electrical malfunctions Accidental changes of the data transmitted from the device to the I/O module Error-detecting and error-correcting codes
Parity bitCRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) ECC (Error Correcting Code)
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Summary
For users, response time is a more appropriate performance metric than CPU execution timeThe performance of IOS influences significantly the global performance of the computer systemPeripheral devices are connected to the system bus via I/O modules
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Concepts, Knowledge
Input/output systemCPU execution timeResponse timeI/O module (I/O controller)Functions of an I/O moduleCRC, ECC codes
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Questions
1. What is the difference between CPU execution time and response time?
2. What are the reasons for which peripheral devices are not connected directly to the system bus?
3. What are the functions of an I/O module?
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