product,pservice layout

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The number of workers , attended and unattended machines, and

tools required to provide the market demand must then be

determined.

Line balancing

Line balancing is an analysis process that tries to equally divide the work to

be done among workstations so that the number of workers or work stations

required on production line is minimized

Line balancing procedure

Determine which tasks must be performed to complete one unit of a

particular product

Determine the order or sequence in which the task must be performed

Draw a precedence diagram. This is a flow chart wherein circles represent

tasks and connecting arrows represent precedence

Estimates task times

Calculate the cycle time

Calculate the minimum number of workstations

Use one of the heuristics to assign tasks to workstations so that the

production line is balanced

Line Balancing Heuristics

Researches have used linear programming, dynamic programming,

and other mathematical models to study line balancing problems.

Cell formation decisions in cellular

manufacturing layouts

The acme machined shop produces machined parts in a job shop. Acme has

recently implemented a group technology program in its shop, and now ready

to develop manufacturing cells on the shop floor. Production analysts have


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identified five parts that seem to meet the requirements of parts appropriate

for CM: moderate batch size, stable demand, and common physical

characteristics

The parts- machines matrix below identifies the five parts ( 1 through 5) &

machines ( A through E) on which the parts are presently produced in the jobshop.

The Xs in the body of matrix indicate the machines on which the parts must

be produced

CELL FORMATION DECISIONS IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING LAYOUTS

SOL : REARRANGE THE ROWS. FIRST THE MACHINES THAT PRODUCE THE SAME

PARTS IN ADJACENT ROWS. NOTICE THAT MACHINES A & DARE REQ BY PARTS 1 &

3;PUT THSE TWO MACHINES IN THE FIRST TWO ROWS. ALSO NOTICE THAT

MACHINES B,C AND E ARE REQ BY PARTS 2,4,5; PUT THESE THREE MACHINES IN

THE NEXT THREE ROWS


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1 2 3 4

A X X

D X X

B X X

C X X

E X X

REARRANGE THE COLUMS. NEXT ARRANGE THE COLUMS SUCH THAT PARTS

REQUIRING THE SAME MACHINES ARE PUT IN ADJACENT COLUMNS. NOTICE THAT

PARTS 1 & 3 REQUIRE MACHINES A & D; PUT THESE TWO PARTS IN THE FIRST TWO

COLUMNS. ALSO NOTICE THAT PARTS 2,4,5 REQUIRE MACHINES B,C,E; PUT THESE

THREE PARTS IN THE NEXT THREE COLUMNS


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THIS PARTS- MACHINES MATRIX CONTAINS THE SOLUTION TO THIS CELL

FORMATION

PROBLEM. PARTS 1 &3 ARE TO BE PRODUCED IN CELL 1 ON MACHINES A & D.

PARTS 2&4 ARE TO BE PRODUCED IN CELL 2 ON MACHINES B,C &E. PART 5* IS

CALLED AN EXCEPTIONAL PART BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE PRODUCED WITHIN SINGLECELL. IT REQUIRES MACHINE A, WHICH IS IN CELL 1 & MACHINES B,C &E WHICH ARE

IN CELL 2

THERE ARE TWO FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTS TO BE MADE IN

CELLS

The demand for the parts must be high enough and stable enough that

moderate batch sizes of the parts can be produced periodically.

The parts being considered must be capable of being grouped into partsfamilies. Within a parts family, the parts must have similar physical

characteristics and thus require similar production operation

Types of service facility layouts

Consider the nature of the service and how these business deliver or

convey their services airlines, banks, retailers, hospitals,

restaurants, insurance, real estate, trucking, entertainment,

telephones, and utilities.

For most service businesses, one characteristic makes at least part

of their operations different from most manufacturing operations

The degree to which service facilities must provide these customer

related facility features varies directly with the amount of

involvement and customer contact inherent in the service

Analysing service facility layouts

The principles of materials handling and material handling

equipment, for all types of services where the handling of physical

goods is significant


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The use of CAD software and computer simulation software to

develop building floor plans for all kinds of services.

The use of line balancing for service operations with product focused

production

product,pservice layout

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