product description(v900r007c02 01)

HUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support NodeV900R007C02

Product Description

Issue 01Date 2009-05-26

Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. For anyassistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

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Website: http://www.huawei.comEmail: [email protected] Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................11 Overview......................................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Basic Functions...............................................................................................................................................1-21.2 Network Structure...........................................................................................................................................1-21.3 Network Interfaces..........................................................................................................................................1-5

1.3.1 Gn/Gp Interface......................................................................................................................................1-61.3.2 Gi Interface.............................................................................................................................................1-71.3.3 Ga Interface..........................................................................................................................................1-101.3.4 Gy Interface..........................................................................................................................................1-101.3.5 Gmb Interface.......................................................................................................................................1-111.3.6 Gx Interface..........................................................................................................................................1-11

1.4 Supported Protocols......................................................................................................................................1-121.5 Physical Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................1-16

1.5.1 Interface Types.....................................................................................................................................1-171.5.2 Interface Specifications........................................................................................................................1-17

2 Product Features.........................................................................................................................2-12.1 Carrier-Class Platform.....................................................................................................................................2-22.2 High Reliability...............................................................................................................................................2-22.3 Security............................................................................................................................................................2-32.4 Large Capacity................................................................................................................................................2-32.5 Customized Operation and Maintenance System............................................................................................2-3

3 System Structure.........................................................................................................................3-13.1 Physical Structure............................................................................................................................................3-2

3.1.1 Cabinet...................................................................................................................................................3-23.1.2 Subrack...................................................................................................................................................3-53.1.3 Boards.....................................................................................................................................................3-7

3.2 Software Structure...........................................................................................................................................3-94 Services and Functions..............................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Routing............................................................................................................................................................4-34.2 APN.................................................................................................................................................................4-34.3 Accessing the PDN..........................................................................................................................................4-34.4 GTP.................................................................................................................................................................4-5

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4.4.1 GTP Tunnel............................................................................................................................................4-64.4.2 GTP Signaling Function.........................................................................................................................4-64.4.3 IP over GTP and PPP over GTP.............................................................................................................4-6

4.5 Direct Tunnel...................................................................................................................................................4-74.6 VPN.................................................................................................................................................................4-84.7 Security............................................................................................................................................................4-9

4.7.1 Protocol Security Authentication...........................................................................................................4-94.7.2 IPSec.....................................................................................................................................................4-104.7.3 Packet Filtering and ACL.....................................................................................................................4-104.7.4 Gi Interface Redirection.......................................................................................................................4-114.7.5 Anti-DDoS Protection..........................................................................................................................4-114.7.6 Anti-spoofing.......................................................................................................................................4-114.7.7 SSL.......................................................................................................................................................4-12

4.8 QoS................................................................................................................................................................4-134.9 Charging........................................................................................................................................................4-14

4.9.1 RADIUS Accounting...........................................................................................................................4-144.9.2 Offline Charging..................................................................................................................................4-154.9.3 Online Charging...................................................................................................................................4-174.9.4 Content-based Charging.......................................................................................................................4-174.9.5 Event-based Charging..........................................................................................................................4-184.9.6 Envelope Reporting..............................................................................................................................4-19

4.10 DPI..............................................................................................................................................................4-204.11 Service Redirection.....................................................................................................................................4-214.12 Service Report.............................................................................................................................................4-214.13 PCC.............................................................................................................................................................4-214.14 MBMS.........................................................................................................................................................4-224.15 IPv6.............................................................................................................................................................4-224.16 Other Services and Functions......................................................................................................................4-23

5 Reliability....................................................................................................................................5-15.1 Hardware Reliability.......................................................................................................................................5-25.2 Software Reliability.........................................................................................................................................5-25.3 Networking Reliability....................................................................................................................................5-35.4 Operation and Maintenance Reliability...........................................................................................................5-3

6 Operation and Maintenance.................................................................................................... 6-16.1 OM System......................................................................................................................................................6-2

6.1.1 BAM.......................................................................................................................................................6-36.1.2 LMT.......................................................................................................................................................6-36.1.3 M2000....................................................................................................................................................6-3

6.2 OM Function...................................................................................................................................................6-36.2.1 Configuration Management....................................................................................................................6-46.2.2 Message Tracing....................................................................................................................................6-46.2.3 Performance Management......................................................................................................................6-4

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6.2.4 Alarm Management................................................................................................................................6-56.2.5 Log Management....................................................................................................................................6-5

7 Technical Specifications...........................................................................................................7-17.1 Performance Specifications.............................................................................................................................7-27.2 Entire-system Specifications...........................................................................................................................7-27.3 Reliability Specifications................................................................................................................................7-37.4 Safety Specifications.......................................................................................................................................7-37.5 EMC Specifications.........................................................................................................................................7-37.6 Environment Specifications............................................................................................................................7-4

7.6.1 Storage Environment..............................................................................................................................7-47.6.2 Transportation Environment..................................................................................................................7-57.6.3 Running Environment............................................................................................................................7-6

8 Installation...................................................................................................................................8-18.1 System Installation..........................................................................................................................................8-28.2 System Expansion and Upgrade......................................................................................................................8-2

Index.................................................................................................................................................i-1

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Figures

Figure 1-1 GPRS/UMTS network structure.........................................................................................................1-2Figure 1-2 Interfaces of the GGSN9811..............................................................................................................1-5Figure 1-3 Signaling plane protocol stack of the Gn/Gp interface.......................................................................1-6Figure 1-4 User plane protocol stack of the Gn/Gp interface..............................................................................1-7Figure 1-5 Protocol stack of the Gi interface.......................................................................................................1-7Figure 1-6 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in transparent access mode...........................................................1-8Figure 1-7 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in non-transparent access mode....................................................1-8Figure 1-8 Protocol stack of the Gi interface.......................................................................................................1-9Figure 1-9 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in PPP termination mode..............................................................1-9Figure 1-10 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in PPP relay mode.....................................................................1-10Figure 1-11 Protocol stack of the Ga interface...................................................................................................1-10Figure 1-12 Protocol stack of the Gy interface..................................................................................................1-11Figure 1-13 Protocol stack of the Gmb interface...............................................................................................1-11Figure 1-14 Protocol stack of the Gx interface..................................................................................................1-12Figure 3-1 N68E-22 cabinet.................................................................................................................................3-3Figure 3-2 Hardware layout of the GGSN9811...................................................................................................3-4Figure 3-3 GGSN9811 subrack............................................................................................................................3-5Figure 3-4 Components in the GGSN9811 subrack.............................................................................................3-6Figure 3-5 Layout of boards in the GGSN9811 subrack......................................................................................3-8Figure 3-6 Logical structure of the GGSN9811.................................................................................................3-10Figure 4-1 Example of transparent access to an external IP network..................................................................4-4Figure 4-2 Example of non-transparent access to an ISP or an intranet..............................................................4-5Figure 4-3 Example of IP over GTP and PPP over GTP.....................................................................................4-6Figure 4-4 Example of PPP regeneration.............................................................................................................4-7Figure 6-1 Structure of the GGSN9811 OM system............................................................................................6-2

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Tables

Table 1-1 Protocols supported by the GGSN9811.............................................................................................1-13Table 1-2 Quantities and functions of the physical interfaces on the GGSN9811.............................................1-17Table 1-3 Specifications for 10/100M auto-sensing Ethernet electrical interfaces............................................1-17Table 1-4 Specifications for 1000M Ethernet SFP optical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP).................................1-18Table 1-5 Specifications for 1000M Ethernet SFP electrical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP).............................1-19Table 1-6 Specifications for the 10G Ethernet optical interfaces (10GBase LAN/WAN-XFP)........................1-19Table 3-1 Main components in the GGSN9811 subrack......................................................................................3-6Table 3-2 Specifications of the four types LPUs..................................................................................................3-9Table 7-1 GGSN9811 performance specifications...............................................................................................7-2Table 7-2 Specifications of the entire GGSN9811...............................................................................................7-2Table 7-3 GGSN9811 reliability specifications...................................................................................................7-3Table 7-4 Climatic requirements for equipment storage......................................................................................7-4Table 7-5 Climatic requirements for equipment transportation...........................................................................7-5Table 7-6 Requirements for mechanical stress in the transportation environment..............................................7-5Table 7-7 Requirements for temperature and humidity in the running environment...........................................7-6Table 7-8 Requirements for other climatic factors in the running environment..................................................7-6Table 7-9 Requirements for mechanical stress in the running environment........................................................7-7

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About This Document

PurposeThis document mainly describes the features, system architecture, services and functions,operation and maintenance, reliability, technical specifications, and installation procedure of theGGSN9811.

Related VersionsThe following table lists the product version related to this document.

Product Name VersionGGSN9811 V900R007C02

Intended AudienceThis document is intended for:l Network planning engineerl Installation commissioning engineerl Data configuration engineerl Network monitoring engineerl Field maintenance engineer

Update HistoryUpdates between document versions are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document versioncontains all the updates made to previous versions.Updates in Issue 01 (2009-05-26)Initial field trial release

Organization1 OverviewThis provides an overview of the GGSN9811 The GGSN9811 serves as a gateway in the generalpacket radio service/universal mobile telecommunications system (GPRS/UMTS) packet corenetwork and forwards packets between the mobile network and the packet data network (PDN).

HUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support NodeProduct Description About This Document


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2 Product FeaturesThis describes the features of the GGSN9811: carrier-class platform, high reliability, security,large capacity, and customized operation and maintenance (OM) system.3 System StructureThis describes the physical and logical structures of the GGSN9811.4 Services and FunctionsThis describes the abundant services and functions provided by the GGSN9811. These servicesand functions can meet various requirements for networking and services.5 ReliabilityThis describes the advanced reliability design of the GGSN9811. The advanced reliability designeffectively ensures the normal operation.6 Operation and MaintenanceThis describes the easy operation and maintenance (OM) measures provided by theGGSN9811. The OM measures include the local maintenance terminal (LMT) that integratesgraphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface (CLI), accessing Huawei M2000 andoperation and maintenance center (OMC), and comprehensive online help.7 Technical SpecificationsThis lists the technical specifications of the GGSN9811. The technical specifications consist ofperformance specifications, entire-system specifications, reliability specifications, safetystandards, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) specifications, and environment requirements.8 InstallationThis describes the installation, upgrade, and expansion processes.

ConventionsSymbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol DescriptionIndicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if notavoided,will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, whichif not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if notavoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss,performance degradation, or unexpected results.Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or savetime.

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Symbol DescriptionProvides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

General ConventionsThe general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention DescriptionTimes New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

boldface. For example, log in as user root.Italic Book titles are in italics.Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in

Courier New.

Command ConventionsThe command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention DescriptionBoldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.Italic Command arguments are in italics.[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected.[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of allitems can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated byvertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.

GUI ConventionsThe GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

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Convention DescriptionBoldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

are in boldface. For example, click OK.> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder .

Keyboard OperationsThe keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Format DescriptionKey Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt

+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means

the two keys should be pressed in turn.

Mouse OperationsThe mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Action DescriptionClick Select and release the primary mouse button without moving

the pointer.Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and

quickly without moving the pointer.Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the

pointer to a certain position.

About This DocumentHUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support Node

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1 OverviewAbout This Chapter

This provides an overview of the GGSN9811 The GGSN9811 serves as a gateway in the generalpacket radio service/universal mobile telecommunications system (GPRS/UMTS) packet corenetwork and forwards packets between the mobile network and the packet data network (PDN).

1.1 Basic FunctionsThis describes the basic functions of the GGSN9811.1.2 Network StructureThis describes the structure of the entire network.1.3 Network InterfacesThis describes the network interfaces of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides multipleinterfaces that comply with standard protocols.1.4 Supported ProtocolsThis describes the supported protocols of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides open andstandard protocol interfaces. These interfaces support multiple protocols and can connect theGGSN9811 to multiple types of devices. Thus, the GGSN9811 possesses strong and flexiblenetworking capability.1.5 Physical InterfacesThis describes the physical interfaces of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides multipletypes of physical interfaces.

HUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support NodeProduct Description 1 Overview


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1.1 Basic FunctionsThis describes the basic functions of the GGSN9811.The GGSN9811 is a gateway GPRS support node independently developed by Huawei. It canbe used in either the 2.5G GPRS or the 3G UMTS systems. The GGSN9811 is a gateway for amobile station (MS) to access the external packet data network (PDN). It is located at the junctionbetween the GPRS/UMTS packet core network and the external PDN.

1.2 Network StructureThis describes the structure of the entire network.The wireless technology has developed from the 2G global system for mobile communications(GSM) and the 2.5G general packet radio service (GPRS) to the 3G universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS). At present, mobile communication is available widely,transmits wireless data quickly, and provides access to the Internet. Mobile communication canprovide multimedia services, such as voice, data, and video. It enables you to communicate withother people wherever you are and whenever you want.

Figure 1-1 GPRS/UMTS network structure

MS: mobile station RAN: radio access network

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CN-CS: core network-circuit switched CN-PS: core network-packet switchedBSS: base station subsystem UTRAN: UMTS terrestrial radio access networkBTS: base transceiver station BSC: base station controllerNodeB: UMTS base station RNC: radio network controllerSGSN: serving GPRS support node GGSN: gateway GPRS support nodeCG: charging gateway BG: border gatewayDNS: domain name server AAA: authentication, authorization and accountingBM-SC: broadcast/multicast service center OCS/CCF: online charging system/credit control functionPCRF: policy and charging rule function

As shown in Figure 1-1, the GPRS/UMTS network contains the following network elements(NEs):l MS: An MS is a user's mobile device. It can launch and receive calls through an air interface.

To perform a data service, the MS sets up a logical link with the CN-PS domain.l RAN: The RAN provides the functions related to wireless access.l CN-CS domain: The CS domain provides circuit type services. It also connects an MS to

an external CS network such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN).l CN-PS domain: The PS domain provides packet data services. It also connects an MS to

an external packet data network (PDN) such as the Internet.NOTE

The CN has evolved smoothly from the GPRS to the UMTS. The evolution of the RAN, however, is revolutionarybecause of the fundamental change of air interfaces.

Huawei GPRS/UMTS CN-PS domain, consisting of the SGSN, GGSN, CG, and AAA server,enables an MS to access an external PDN for packet data services and supplies charging services.The functions of the main NEs in Huawei GPRS/UMTS CN-PS domain are as follows:

SGSNThe SGSN is used to provide packet data services. It forwards incoming and outgoing IP packetsof the MSs in the service area. The SGSN performs the following functions:l IP packet routing and forwarding for all mobile users within the service areal Encryption and authenticationl Session managementl Mobility managementl Logical link managementl Generation and output of charging data records (CDRs), reflecting the usage of wireless

resources



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GGSNThe GGSN is used to provide packet data services. The GGSN routes and encapsulates the datapackets between the GPRS/UMTS network and an external PDN. The GGSN performs thefollowing functions:l Acting as an interface to an external PDN: The GGSN acts as a gateway for MSs to access

an external PDN. The GGSN exchanges routing information for an external PDN. TheGGSN serves as a router for all IP addresses of users in the GPRS/UMTS network.

l GPRS/UMTS session management: The GGSN sets up communication between MSs andexternal PDNs.

l Data receiving and processing: The GGSN receives data from MSs and routes the data toan external PDN. The GGSN also receives data from the external PDN, and selects a pathin the GPRS/UMTS network to forward the data according to the destination address. Then,the GGSN sends the data to the SGSN.

l Abundant charging functions: The GGSN provides the functions of normal charging, hotbilling, content-based charging, and online charging.

CGAs a device in the GPRS/UMTS network, the charging gateway (CG) collects, merges, and pre-processes the CDRs generated by the SGSN or the GGSN. The CG also provides an interfaceto the billing center. When a GPRS/UMTS user accesses the Internet, several NEs generateCDRs. Each NE may generate several CDRs. The CG merges and pre-processes the CDRs, andthen sends them to the billing center. Thus, the work load of the billing center is reduced. If theCG is applied in the network, the SGSN and the GGSN are not required to provide interfaces tothe billing center.

AAA ServerThe AAA server is used for authentication, authorization, and accounting. It complies with theRemote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol. The AAA server can also bedeployed in other networks besides the GPRS/UMTS network.

DNSThere are two types of DNS in the GPRS/UMTS network. One type is the DNS located betweenthe GGSN and an external PDN. It is used to resolve the domain name of the external PDN,equivalent to a common DNS on the Internet. The other type is the DNS located on the GPRS/UMTS core network. It is used to:l Perform domain name resolution to obtain the IP address of the GGSN based on the access

point name (APN) sent by the SGSN, thus establishing a communication channel betweenthe GGSN and an MS when the MS attempts to access the external PDN.

l Obtain the IP address of the SGSN from the original routing area code when the routingarea between SGSNs is updated.

l Obtain the IP address of the destination SGSN based on the new RNC ID during RNCrelocation.

The DNS can also be deployed in other networks besides the GPRS/UMTS network.


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OCSThe OCS provides the CCF function. By enhancing the present OCS, credit control can varyaccording to service type. The GGSN9811 can determine whether a user is an online charginguser. The OCS can perform rating, allocate quotas, and finally deduct the fees for online chargingusers.

BM-SCThe BM-SC distributes the multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS). Serving as thetransmission ingress of the MBMS services of content providers, the BM-SC can authenticatethe users within a public land mobile network (PLMN), initiate the bearer service, and scheduleand deliver the MBMS service.

PCRFThe PCRF is used for making policies and charging rules. It performs the following functions:l Receiving service information from the application function (AF)l Obtaining subscription information from the subscription profile repository (SPR)l Determining the policy and charging rule applied to a userl Providing the policy and charging enforcement function (PCEF) with the policy and

charging rule information

1.3 Network InterfacesThis describes the network interfaces of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides multipleinterfaces that comply with standard protocols.Figure 1-2 shows the network interfaces of the GGSN9811.l Gn/Gp interface between the SGSN and the GGSNl Gi interface between the GGSN and the PDNl Ga interface between the GGSN and the CGFl Gy interface between the GGSN and the OCS/CCFl Gmb interface between the GGSN and the BM-SCl Gx interface between the GGSN and the PCRF

Figure 1-2 Interfaces of the GGSN9811



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1.3.1 Gn/Gp InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stacks of the Gn/Gp interface.1.3.2 Gi InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gi interface.1.3.3 Ga InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Ga interface.1.3.4 Gy InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gy interface.1.3.5 Gmb InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gmb interface.1.3.6 Gx InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gx interface.

1.3.1 Gn/Gp InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stacks of the Gn/Gp interface.In two-tunnel mode, the Gn/Gp interface is the signaling plane interface and user plane interfacebetween the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and the GGSN. In direct-tunnel mode, the Gn/Gp interface is the signaling plane interface between the SGSN and the GGSN, and the userplane interface between the radio network controller (RNC) and the GGSN.The Gn interface is between the GPRS support nodes (GSNs) within the same public land mobilenetwork (PLMN). The Gp interface is between the GSNs in different PLMNs. The Gn interfaceand Gp interface have the same protocol hierarchy. See Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-3 Signaling plane protocol stack of the Gn/Gp interface


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Figure 1-4 User plane protocol stack of the Gn/Gp interface

The GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) contains the GTP control plane (GTP-C) and the GTPuser plane (GTP-U).l In the GTP-C plane, tunnels are created, modified, and deleted through signaling.l In the GTP-U plane, the tunneling mechanism is used to transfer user packets.In the GTP user plane, the GGSN9811 supports GTPv0 and GTPv1 and allows the switchoverbetween GTPv0 and GTPv1. In the GTP signaling plane, the GGSN9811 supports only GTPv0.

1.3.2 Gi InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gi interface.Gi is the interface between the GGSN and the packet data network (PDN). The GGSN9811supports two access modes for Internet Protocol (IP) users and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)users.

IP AccessFigure 1-5 shows the protocol stack of the Gi interface for IP users.

Figure 1-5 Protocol stack of the Gi interface



1-7

For IP users, the GGSN9811 provides two modes for mobile stations (MSs) to access the externalPDN, namely, transparent access mode and non-transparent access mode. Figure 1-6 and Figure1-7 show the protocol stacks for the transparent access mode and the non-transparent accessmode, respectively.

Figure 1-6 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in transparent access mode

Figure 1-7 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in non-transparent access mode

PPP AccessFigure 1-8 shows the protocol stack of the Gi interface for PPP users.


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Figure 1-8 Protocol stack of the Gi interface

For PPP users, the GGSN9811 provides two modes for MSs to access the external PDN, namely,PPP termination mode and PPP relay mode. Figure 1-9 and Figure 1-10 show the protocolstacks for the PPP termination mode and the PPP relay mode, respectively.

Figure 1-9 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in PPP termination mode



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Figure 1-10 Protocol stack of the Gi interface in PPP relay mode

1.3.3 Ga InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Ga interface.Ga is the interface between the GPRS support node (GSN) and the charging gatewayfunctionality (CGF). It runs the GTP' protocol to send charging data records (CDRs) that aregenerated by a network element or functional entity to the CGF.Figure 1-11 shows the protocol stack of the Ga interface.

Figure 1-11 Protocol stack of the Ga interface

1.3.4 Gy InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gy interface.Gy is the interface between the GGSN and the online charging system/credit control function(OCS/CCF). It communicates based on the Diameter protocol and is used for online chargingcontrol. The GGSN interacts with the OCS through the Gy interface to realize credit control forcontent-based charging users and non-content-based charging users.Figure 1-12 shows the protocol stack of the Gy interface.


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Figure 1-12 Protocol stack of the Gy interface

1.3.5 Gmb InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gmb interface.Gmb is the interface between the GGSN and the broadcast/multicast service center (BM-SC).It communicates based on the Diameter protocol and is used to provide the control plane functionof the multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS). Through the Gmb interface, the GGSNexchanges the following signaling with the BM-SC:l MBMS bearer context setup and release signalingl MBMS session start and stop signaling sent by the BM-SC to the GGSNFigure 1-13 shows the protocol stack of the Gmb interface.

Figure 1-13 Protocol stack of the Gmb interface

1.3.6 Gx InterfaceThis describes the functions and the protocol stack of the Gx interface.Gx is the interface between the GGSN and the policy charging rules function (PCRF). Itcommunicates based on the Diameter protocol. As the policy and charging enforcement function(PCEF), the GGSN interacts with the PCRF through the Gx interface to realize policy andcharging control (PCC) function.



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Figure 1-14 shows the protocol stack of the Gx interface.

Figure 1-14 Protocol stack of the Gx interface

1.4 Supported ProtocolsThis describes the supported protocols of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides open andstandard protocol interfaces. These interfaces support multiple protocols and can connect theGGSN9811 to multiple types of devices. Thus, the GGSN9811 possesses strong and flexiblenetworking capability.Table 1-1 lists the protocols supported by the GGSN9811.


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Table 1-1 Protocols supported by the GGSN9811Protocol Function Standard or Protocol

GTP/GTP'

The GPRSTunneling Protocol(GTP) is used to setup, maintain, ordelete GTP tunnelsbetween the GGSNand the SGSN. TheGGSN9811 caninteract with theexternal packet datanetwork (PDN)through GTP.The GTP' protocolis used to sendcharging datarecords (CDRs) thatare generated by anetwork element orfunctional entity tothe charginggatewayfunctionality(CGF).

l GSM 09.60, General Packet Radio Service(GPRS); GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) acrossthe Gn and Gp Interface

l GSM 09.61, Interworking between the Public LandMobile Network (PLMN) supporting GPRS andPacket Data Networks (PDN)

l 3GPP TS 29.060, General Packet Radio Service(GPRS); GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) acrossthe Gn and Gp interface

l 3GPP TS 32.215, 3G Telecom Management;Charging Management; Charging Data DescriptionFor The Packet Switched (PS) Domain

l 3GPP TS 29.061, Interworking between the PublicLand Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting PacketBased Services and Packet Data Networks (PDN)

RADIUS

The RemoteAuthentication Dialin User Service(RADIUS) protocolis used forauthentication,authorization, andaccounting betweenthe GGSN and theRADIUS server.

l IETF RFC 2865, Remote Authentication Dial InUser Service (RADIUS)

l IETF RFC 2866, RADIUS Accountingl 3GPP TS 29.061, Interworking between the Public

Land Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting PacketBased Services and Packet Data Networks (PDN)



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Protocol Function Standard or Protocol

PPP

The Point-to-PointProtocol (PPP) is aLayer 2 linkprotocol, throughwhich the Layer 2negotiation throughthe Link ControlProtocol (LCP),Layer 3 negotiationthrough IP over PPP(IPCP), andauthenticationthrough thePasswordAuthenticationProtocol/ChallengeHandshakeAuthenticationProtocol (PAP/CHAP) can beperformed.

l IETF RFC 1661, The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)l IETF RFC 1332, The PPP Internet Protocol Control

Protocol (IPCP)l IETF RFC 1334, PPP Authentication Protocolsl IETF RFC 1994, PPP Challenge Handshake

Authentication Protocol (CHAP)l 3GPP TS 29.061, Interworking between the Public

Land Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting PacketBased Services and Packet Data Networks (PDN)

L2TP

The Layer 2Tunneling Protocol(L2TP) is used to setup Layer 2 virtualprivate networks(VPNs) and L2TPtunnels between theL2TP networkserver (LNS) andthe GGSN thatserves as the L2TPaccess concentrator(LAC).

IETF RFC 2661, Layer Two Tunneling Protocol"L2TP"


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IPSec

The IP Security(IPSec) protocol isused to ensure thesecurity of the datatransmittedbetween the GGSNand the relateddevices. It canensure theconfidentiality,integrity,authenticity, andanti-replay of datapackets transmittedon the network.

l IETF RFC 2402, IP Authentication Headerl IETF RFC 2403, The Use of HMAC-MD5-96

within ESP and AHl ETF RFC 2404, The Use of HMAC-SHA-1-96

within ESP and AHl IETF RFC 2405, The ESP DES-CBC Cipher

Algorithm With Explicit IVl IETF RFC 2406, IP Encapsulating Security

Payload (ESP)l IETF RFC 2407, The Internet IP Security Domain

of Interpretation for ISAKMPl IETF RFC 2408, Internet Security Association and

Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)l IETF RFC 2409, The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)l IETF RFC 2410, The NULL Encryption Algorithm

and Its Use with IPSecl IETF RFC 2411, IP Security Document Roadmapl IETF RFC 2412, The OAKLEY Key

Determination Protocoll IETF RFC 2104, HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for

Message Authenticationl IETF RFC 1191, Path MTU Discovery

FTP

The File TransferProtocol (FTP) isused to transmitfiles between theGGSN and otherdevices.

IETF RFC 0959, FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL(FTP)

Diameter

The basic Diameterprotocol offers asecure, reliable, andeasily extendedframe forauthentication,authorization, andaccountingservices.

IETF RFC 3588, Diameter Base Protocol IETF RFC4006, Diameter Credit-Control Application



1-15


DiameterOnlineCharging

The volume-basedor time-basedonline content-based charging isrealized throughinteraction with theonline chargingsystem (OCS)through the Gyinterface.

l 3GPP TS 23.125, Overall High Level Functionalityand Architecture Impacts of Flow Based Charging

l 3GPP TS 32.299, Charging Management; Diametercharging applications

MBMSThe unidirectionalpoint-to-multipointmultimedia servicesare provided.

l 3GPP TS 23.246, Multimedia Broadcast/MulticastService (MBMS); Architecture and FunctionalDescription

l 3GPP TS 29.060, General Packet Radio Service(GPRS); GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) acrossthe Gn and Gp interface

l 3GPP TS 29.061, Interworking between the PublicLand Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting PacketBased Services and Packet Data Networks (PDN)

PCCThe policy andcharging controlfunction isprovided.

l 3GPP TR 23.803 v700 Evolution of policy controland charging

l 3GPP TS 23.203 v760 Policy and charging controlarchitecture

l 3GPP TS 29.212 v740 Policy and Charging Controlover Gx reference point

l 3GPP TS 29.213 v740 Policy and Charging Controlsignalling flows and QoS parameter mapping

l 3GPP TS 29.214 v740 Policy and Charging Controlover Rx reference point

1.5 Physical InterfacesThis describes the physical interfaces of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides multipletypes of physical interfaces.

1.5.1 Interface TypesThis describes the types of physical interfaces provided by the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811provides the following physical interfaces: 10/100M auto-sensing Ethernet electrical interfaces,1000M Ethernet SFP optical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP), 1000M Ethernet SFP electricalinterfaces (1000Base-X-SFP), and 10G Ethernet Optical Interfaces.1.5.2 Interface SpecificationsThis describes the specifications for the interfaces provided by the GGSN9811.


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1.5.1 Interface TypesThis describes the types of physical interfaces provided by the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811provides the following physical interfaces: 10/100M auto-sensing Ethernet electrical interfaces,1000M Ethernet SFP optical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP), 1000M Ethernet SFP electricalinterfaces (1000Base-X-SFP), and 10G Ethernet Optical Interfaces.The physical interfaces of the GGSN9811 are provided by the Line Processing Unit (LPU).Table 1-2 lists the quantities and functions of the interfaces on the LPU.

Table 1-2 Quantities and functions of the physical interfaces on the GGSN9811

Type Quantity(Maximum) Function

10/100M auto-sensing Ethernetelectrical interfaces

24Physical interfaces to an external network ordevices in the external network, such as theSGSN, PDN, AAA server, and CG

1000M Ethernet SFPoptical interfaces(1000Base-X-SFP)


1000M Ethernet SFPelectrical interfaces(1000Base-X-SFP)


10G Ethernet OpticalInterfaces 2

Physical interfaces to an external network ordevices in the external network, such as theSGSN, PDN, AAA server, and CG

NOTE

The quantity in GGSN9811 refers to the quantity of a type of interfaces on one LPU.

1.5.2 Interface SpecificationsThis describes the specifications for the interfaces provided by the GGSN9811.Table 1-3, Table 1-4, Table 1-5, and Table 1-6 list the specifications for the interfaces.

Table 1-3 Specifications for 10/100M auto-sensing Ethernet electrical interfacesItem SpecificationConnector type RJ45

Operating mode 10/100M auto-sensingHalf duplex and full duplexMaximumtransmission distance 100 m

Applied cable Enhanced category 5 shielded twisted pair



1-17

Item SpecificationStandard compliance IEEE802.3zFrame format Ethernet_II, Ethernet_SAP, and Ethernet_SNAPNetwork protocol IP

Table 1-4 Specifications for 1000M Ethernet SFP optical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP)Item SpecificationConnectortype LC/PC

Operatingmode 1000M full duplex

Standardcompliance

IEEE 802.3z

Frameformat Ethernet_II, Ethernet_SAP, and Ethernet_SNAP

Networkprotocol IP

Maximumtransmissiondistance

0.5km 10km 40km 40km 80km 100km

Centerwavelength

850nm 1310nm 1310nm 1550nm 1550nm 1550nm

Minimumtransmitting opticalpower

9.5dBm 9.5dBm 4.5dBm 4.0dBm 2.0dBm 0dBm

Maximumtransmitting opticalpower

2.5dBm 3.0dBm 3.0dBm 1.0dBm 5.0dBm 5.0dBm

Receiversensitivity

17.0dBm 20.0dBm 22.5dBm 21.0dBm 23.0dBm 30.0dBm

Overloadopticalpower

0dBm 3.0dBm 3.0dBm 3.0dBm 3.0dBm 9.0dBm


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Item SpecificationFiber type Multi-

modeSingle-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Single-mode

Table 1-5 Specifications for 1000M Ethernet SFP electrical interfaces (1000Base-X-SFP)Item SpecificationConnector type RJ45Operating mode 1000M full duplexMaximum transmissiondistance 100 m

Applied cable category 5 shielded twisted pairStandard compliance IEEE802.3zFrame format Ethernet_II, Ethernet_SAP, and Ethernet_SNAPNetwork protocol IP

Table 1-6 Specifications for the 10G Ethernet optical interfaces (10GBase LAN/WAN-XFP)Item SpecificationConnector type LC/PCOperating mode 10G full duplexStandardcompliance IEEE 802.3ae

Frame format Ethernet_II, Ethernet_SAP, and Ethernet_SNAPNetworkprotocol IP

Maximumtransmissiondistance

0.3 km 10 km 40 km 80 km

Centerwavelength

850 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm 1550 nm

Minimumtransmittingoptical power

-7.3 dBm -6.0 dBm -1.0 dBm 0 dBm



1-19

Item SpecificationMaximumtransmittingoptical power

-1.3 dBm -1.0 dBm 2.0 dBm 4.0 dBm

Receiversensitivity

-7.5 dBm -11.0 dBm -15.0 dBm -24.0 dBm

Overloadoptical power

-1.0 dBm 0.5 dBm -1.0 dBm -7.0 dBm

Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode


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2 Product FeaturesAbout This Chapter

This describes the features of the GGSN9811: carrier-class platform, high reliability, security,large capacity, and customized operation and maintenance (OM) system.

2.1 Carrier-Class PlatformThis describes the carrier-class platform feature of the GGSN9811 The hardware platformprovides high reliability and large data throughput. The software platform seamlessly integrateswireless telecommunication technologies and data communication technologies.2.2 High ReliabilityThis describes the high reliability feature of the GGSN9811. Reliability is crucial for bothoperators and end users. Therefore, the GGSN9811 is designed by considering reliability interms of hardware, software, and networking to ensure normal running.2.3 SecurityThis describes the security feature of the GGSN9811. The requirements for security is taken intoconsideration for the design of the GGSN9811 and multiple measures are adopted to protectprofits of operators and end users.2.4 Large CapacityThis describes the large capacity feature of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 with the design oflarge capacity can help operators to arrange investment effectively.2.5 Customized Operation and Maintenance SystemThis describes the customized operation and maintenance (OM) system feature of theGGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides powerful OM functions.

HUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support NodeProduct Description 2 Product Features


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2.1 Carrier-Class PlatformThis describes the carrier-class platform feature of the GGSN9811 The hardware platformprovides high reliability and large data throughput. The software platform seamlessly integrateswireless telecommunication technologies and data communication technologies.The hardware platform of the GGSN9811 is Huawei Universal Switching Router (USR). TheUSR is a carrier-class network switching device which is compliant with the industry standards.Developed on the basis of Huawei Versatile Routing Platform (VRP), the software of theGGSN9811 inherits the integrated routing technology, IP quality of service (QoS), virtual privatenetwork (VPN), and security technology of the VRP and perfects the functions specific toapplications in wireless telecommunication.By means of the USR hardware platform that boasts high reliability and large data throughputand the software platform that seamlessly integrates wireless telecommunication technologiesand data communication technologies, the GGSN9811 presents an ideal and flexible solutionfor wireless data communication to network operators.

2.2 High ReliabilityThis describes the high reliability feature of the GGSN9811. Reliability is crucial for bothoperators and end users. Therefore, the GGSN9811 is designed by considering reliability interms of hardware, software, and networking to ensure normal running.l Hardware reliability

The GGSN9811 supports hot plugging and hot backup of key boards, possesses a double-channel power supply system, and is protected from over-voltage and over-current.The DMPU subcards can work in load-sharing mode. Therefore, when one DMPU subcardis faulty, the other DMPU subcard takes over all services, and the system triggers a faultalarm. If the DMPU subcards are required but unavailable or if the DMPU subcards areoverloaded, the system triggers an alarm.

l Software reliabilityThe GGSN9811 is capable of overload control, traffic control, resource check, , systemsoftware backup, configuration files checkand automatic fault detection. This ensuresreliable running. The unique charging data record (CDR) cache function guarantees areliable billing system. The hot patch technology helps to ensure the normal softwarerunning.

l Networking reliabilityThe route backup and router load sharing functions can prevent single point failure onnetworks, thus helping to build highly reliable networks. The Eth-trunk function canprevent failure of a single port from affecting services.

l Operation and Maintenance ReliabilitySSL: The GGSN9811 ensure data confidentiality between LMT and M2000.When the GGSN9811 upgrade failed, it can rollback previous version automatically. Inthis way, the service restore time can be reduce.GGSN provides patch rollback function to ensure the reliability of running patch.

2 Product FeaturesHUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support Node

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2.3 SecurityThis describes the security feature of the GGSN9811. The requirements for security is taken intoconsideration for the design of the GGSN9811 and multiple measures are adopted to protectprofits of operators and end users.The same as reliability, security is concerned by operators and end users. The requirements forsecurity is fully considered for the design of the GGSN and the following measures are taken:l Strict verification of operator identityl Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) security verification by the Password Authentication

Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) modesl Packet filtering and access control list (ACL) mechanism to filter packets based on preset

conditionsl Gi interface redirection function, which can offer defense against attacks that are based on

protocol packets between mobile users in one GGSNl IP Security (IPSec) protocol, which provides IP packets with high-quality, interoperable,

and cryptology-based securityl The SSL feature can be implemented on the GGSN when the GGSN communicates with

the M2000 or local maintenance terminal (LMT) to enhance security through encryption.Thus, the man-machine language (MML) channel, binary channel, and File TransferProtocol (FTP) file transfer channel between the GGSN and the M2000 or LMT areencrypted

2.4 Large CapacityThis describes the large capacity feature of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 with the design oflarge capacity can help operators to arrange investment effectively.Huawei Universal Switching Router (USR), a fifth-generation core router, is the hardwareplatform of the GGSN9811. In Huawei USR, the signaling/control plane is separated from thedata plane. That is, the signaling/control plane consists of multiple high-performance universalprocessors. The data plane consists of multiple high-performance and high-forwarding-capability network processors (NPs).The fully-configured GGSN9811 can activate 5000000 Packet Data Protocol (PDP) contexts atthe same time. The data throughput can reach 50Gbit/s.

2.5 Customized Operation and Maintenance SystemThis describes the customized operation and maintenance (OM) system feature of theGGSN9811. The GGSN9811 provides powerful OM functions.

Various Management MethodsThe OM system of the GGSN9811 allows you to customize a network management system basedon the network structure, management requirements, and investment scale. Based on a client/server distributed architecture, maintenance is available through the graphic user interface (GUI)client, centralized network maintenance interfaces, and command line interface (CLI). TheGGSN9811 supports simultaneous multi-user access at local and remote ends.

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User-Friendly GUIThe GUI helps to provide a user-friendly and convenient OM interface. Operations are simplifiedthrough the graphic network topology view and device panel view. Frequent operations can beperformed by selecting items from the menu.

Message TracingThe GGSN9811 allows signaling message tracing, data packet tracing, interface messagetracing, user message tracing, and message explanation.

Customizable Performance MeasurementThe GGSN9811 can display performance measurement data in the form of lists and graphics. Italso supports background performance data collection.

Remote ManagementThe GGSN9811 supports various remote management functions, including online softwarepatching, online commissioning, remote maintenance, and dynamic data setting.

Real-Time Fault ManagementThe GGSN9811 can receive and display network device fault reports in real time. It providesreal-time audible or visual alarms through the topology view, alarm panel, and alarm box. TheGGSN9811 provides detailed fault reports, and the fault management system with leveledfiltering functions. This enables you to determine fault causes quickly. After determining faultcauses, you can clear faults by following the instructions provided in the online help.

Comprehensive Online HelpThe online help provides help information on the OM system and alarm handling. Thus, youcan be familiar with the operation and maintenance of the GGSN9811 quickly.

2 Product FeaturesHUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support Node

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3 System StructureAbout This Chapter

This describes the physical and logical structures of the GGSN9811.

3.1 Physical StructureThis describes the cabinet, subrack, and boards of the GGSN9811.3.2 Software StructureThis describes the logical structure of the GGSN9811. The logical structure of the GGSN9811consists of the access management (AM), charging management (CM), service management(SM), platform service (PS), operation and maintenance (OM), and local maintenance terminal(LMT) modules.

HUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support NodeProduct Description 3 System Structure


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3.1 Physical StructureThis describes the cabinet, subrack, and boards of the GGSN9811.

3.1.1 CabinetThis describes the N68E-22 cabinet. Its dimensions are 2200 mm (H) x 600 mm(W) x 800 mm(D).3.1.2 SubrackThis describes the GGSN9811 subrack. The design of the GGSN9811 subrack complies withthe IEC297 standard. Its dimensions are 886.00 mm (H) x 442.00 mm (W) x 669.00 mm (D).3.1.3 BoardsThis describes the boards of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 consists of four types of boards:SRU, SFU, SPU, and LPU.

3.1.1 CabinetThis describes the N68E-22 cabinet. Its dimensions are 2200 mm (H) x 600 mm(W) x 800 mm(D).The design of the cabinet complies with the International Electrotechnical Commission 297(IEC297) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards. The modularstructure is used, thus facilitating the capacity expansion and maintenance. In addition, theelectromagnetic compatibility is fully considered in the design of the cabinet and electromagneticshielding interfaces are used.Figure 3-1 shows an N68E-22 cabinet.

3 System StructureHUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support Node

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Figure 3-1 N68E-22 cabinet

Figure 3-2 shows the typically configured cabinet.



3-3

Figure 3-2 Hardware layout of the GGSN9811


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NOTE1 U = 44.45 mm = 1.75 in.

In the cabinet:The GGSN9811 subrack must be available. The SRU, SFU, SPU, and LPU boards of theGGSN9811 must be inserted in this subrack.

3.1.2 SubrackThis describes the GGSN9811 subrack. The design of the GGSN9811 subrack complies withthe IEC297 standard. Its dimensions are 886.00 mm (H) x 442.00 mm (W) x 669.00 mm (D).Figure 3-3 shows the subrack and Figure 3-4 shows the components installed in the subrack.

Figure 3-3 GGSN9811 subrack



3-5

Figure 3-4 Components in the GGSN9811 subrack

1. Plastic panel of the fan module 2. Fan module 3. Board cage 4. Air intake frame 5. Power system panel6. Power supply module 7. Handle 8. Angle 9. Cabling trough

The GGSN9811 uses the integrated subrack design. Table 3-1 lists the main components in theGGSN9811 subrack.

Table 3-1 Main components in the GGSN9811 subrackComponent DescriptionFan module It is covered with a plastic panel and is used to dissipate heat of the

GGSN9811.


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Component DescriptionPower supplymodule

It is covered with a plastic panel. Each subrack must be equipped withtwo power supply modules that work in load-sharing mode.The GGSN9811 provides only the DC power supply system.

Air intake frame It coordinates with the fan module to dissipate heat of theGGSN9811.

Cable It consists of the internal cable set, fibers, and external cable set. Theinternal cable set refers to power cables and signal cables.

3.1.3 BoardsThis describes the boards of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 consists of four types of boards:SRU, SFU, SPU, and LPU.The SRU is the core circuit board of system management. The SFU performs the service dataswitching function of the entire system. The SPU performs the service processing function. TheLPU provides physical interfaces through which the GGSN9811 can be connected to externalnetwork elements (NEs) or external networks.The board slots are vertical. There are 12 board slots, and thus up to 12 boards can be inserted.The configuration principle of boards is as follows:l Two SRUs must be inserted in slots 9 and 10.l Two SFUs must be inserted in slots 11 and 12.l Based on actual requirements, insert one, two, three or four LPUs. For the cabling

convenience of the cabinet, slots 1, 2, 3 and 4 are reserved for LPUs.l Based on actual requirements, insert two to six SPUs. The two adjacent SPUs are one pair.

The pairs of SPUs can be inserted in slots 3 and 4, slots 5 and 6, and slots 7 and 8.Figure 3-5 shows a typical layout of boards in the GGSN9811 subrack.



3-7

Figure 3-5 Layout of boards in the GGSN9811 subrack

SRU: Switching RouteUnit

SFU: Switching FabricUnit

SPU: Service ProcessingUnit

LPU: Line Processing Unit

SRUThe SRUs control and manage the system in a centralized manner and they work in 1+1 backupmode. Serving as the clock source and the management and maintenance unit of the system, theSRUs provide the functions of the control plane and the system maintenance plane. The SRUsare composed of the main processing units (MPUs) and SFU modules. The two SFU modulesembedded in the two SRUs form four exchange planes with the two SFUs. The four exchangeplanes exchange data in load-sharing mode.

SFUThe SFUs support quick data exchange. Working in load-sharing mode, the SFUs can support640 Gbit/s (160 Gbit/s x 4) switching traffic.The GGSN9811 is equipped with two SFUs, and two SFU modules are located on the two SRUs.

SPUThe SPUs perform functions such as service control, user packet forward, charging informationcollection, quality of service (QoS), and content parse. The SPUs can be configured to work in1+1 backup mode or load-sharing mode. The working mode switchover is controlled by thebam.ini file.

LPUThe LPUs provide physical interfaces through which the GGSN9811 can be connected to NEssuch as the serving GPRS support node (SGSN), authorization, authentication and accounting(AAA) server, and charging gateway (CG) or connected to external networks such as the packet


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data network (PDN). The trunk working mode of physical interfaces can be configured to workin either 1+1 backup mode or load-sharing mode.At present, the GGSN9811 supports the following types of LPUs:l 10/100M Fast Ethernet (FE) electrical interface boardl 1000M Ethernet SFP optical interface boardl 1000M Ethernet SFP electrical interface boardl 10G Ethernet optical interface boardTable 3-2 lists the specifications of the four types of physical interface boards.

Table 3-2 Specifications of the four types LPUsType of the LPU Interface Type Interface Quantity Transmission

Rate10/100M FEelectrical interfaceboard

FE 24 10/100 Mbit/s

1000M Ethernet SFPoptical interfaceboard

GE 24 10/100/1000 Mbit/s

1000M Ethernet SFPelectrical interfaceboard

GE 24 10/100/1000 Mbit/s

10G Ethernet opticalinterface board

GE 2 10 Gbit/s

The LPUs are composed of three modules: LPU module, switching network fabric adaptor(FAD) module, and physical interface card (PIC) module.The three modules work together to process and forward service data quickly. In addition, theymaintain and manage link protocols and forwarding information base (FIB) tables.

3.2 Software StructureThis describes the logical structure of the GGSN9811. The logical structure of the GGSN9811consists of the access management (AM), charging management (CM), service management(SM), platform service (PS), operation and maintenance (OM), and local maintenance terminal(LMT) modules.Figure 3-6 shows the logical structure of the GGSN9811.



3-9

Figure 3-6 Logical structure of the GGSN9811

l AM

This module performs functions such as user access control, user authentication andauthorization, address assignment, and Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context management.In addition, the GGSN9811 enables multiple user access modes.

l CMThis module processes charging protocols and manages charging data records (CDRs). Inaddition, the CM system works with external charging gateways (CGs) and externalcharging systems to charge users.

l SMThis module obtains and controls policies of user data flows.

l PSThis module distributes and processes signaling packets and data packets of theGGSN9811; it works with the relevant modules to implement charging and service control;it performs functions such as system support and routing.

l OMThis module performs OM functions such as data configuration management, devicemanagement, performance management, alarm management, and security management.

l LMTThis module provides graphical user interfaces (GUIs).


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4 Services and FunctionsAbout This Chapter

This describes the abundant services and functions provided by the GGSN9811. These servicesand functions can meet various requirements for networking and services.

4.1 RoutingThis describes the routing function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN is a gateway between theGPRS/UMTS network and the packet data network (PDN). For the devices in the PDN, theGGSN is a router that can route the IP addresses of all users in the GPRS/UMTS network.4.2 APNThis describes the access point name (APN) function of the GGSN9811. The APN is a networkidentifier defined by the general packet radio service/universal mobile telecommunicationssystem (GPRS/UMTS).4.3 Accessing the PDNThis describes the service provided by the GGSN9811 for accessing the packet data network(PDN). The GGSN connects mobile stations (MSs) to the external PDN to provide Internet/Intranet access services.4.4 GTPThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) function of the GGSN9811. GTP tunnelsare used to forward data between the SGSN and the GGSN.4.5 Direct TunnelThis describes the direct tunnel function of the GGSN9811. In direct-tunnel mode, the GTP-Utunnel is directly established between the RNC and the GGSN, and the SGSN is not involvedin data transmission in the user plane.4.6 VPNThis describes the virtual private network (VPN) service provided by the GGSN9811. TheGGSN9811 supports tunneling technologies such as multi-protocol label switch (MPLS),Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE), and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). An operatorcan select a suitable security solution to set up a virtual private network (VPN).4.7 SecurityThis describes the security function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 supports the realizationof multiple security policies.

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4.8 QoSThis describes the quality of service (QoS) function supported by the GGSN9811.4.9 ChargingThis describes the charging function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 can provide abundantcharging functions and enable operators to charge users flexibly.4.10 DPIThrough the deep packet inspection (DPI) technology, the GGSN8911 can analyze the data ofthe application layer protocols and obtain valuable information for service resolution and control.4.11 Service RedirectionThis describes the service redirection function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 supports twotypes of service redirection functions, that is, captive portal and web proxy.4.12 Service ReportThis describes service report function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN interworks with an externalService Usage Reporter (SUR) to implement the service report function. The GGSN collectsservice data records and sends the records to the SUR. The SUR analyzes the records andgenerates service reports.4.13 PCCThe GGSN9811 supports the policy and charging control (PCC) feature and provides a PCCsolution.4.14 MBMSThis describes the multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) of the GGSN9811. TheMBMS is defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for unidirectional point-to-multipoint multimedia services.4.15 IPv6The GGSN9811 supports basic IPv6 access function. It supports the IPv6 bearer on the userplane but not the IPv6 features on the signaling plane.4.16 Other Services and FunctionsThis describes the other services and functions of the GGSN9811. The GGSN9811 supportsmultiple IP address assignment modes and the Network Time Protocol (NTP) function, and theSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) V1/V2/V3.

4 Services and FunctionsHUAWEI GGSN9811 Gateway GPRS Support Node

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4.1 RoutingThis describes the routing function of the GGSN9811. The GGSN is a gateway between theGPRS/UMTS network and the packet data network (PDN). For the devices in the PDN, theGGSN is a router that can route the IP addresses of all users in the GPRS/UMTS network.The GGSN9811 supports the following main routing technologies:l Static routingl Default routingl RIPv1/v2l OSPFv2l IS-ISl BGP-4l Routing policyl Route backupl MS downlink route distribution

4.2 APNThis describes the access point name (APN) function of the GGSN9811. The APN is a networkidentifier defined by the general packet radio service/universal mobile telecommunicationssystem (GPRS/UMTS).The GGSN must be configured with an APN and the related attributes based on the packet datanetwork (PDN) to be accessed. Thus, mobile stations (MSs) under the APN can be connectedto the PDN. The GPRS/UMTS core network identifies a GGSN with an APN. An APN identifiesan external PDN that is connected through the GGSN, or an associated service. The externalPDNs include the Internet service provider (ISP) network and the intranet. The services includethe Internet access service and the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) service.In addition to the basic functions of the APN, the GGSN9811 provides the virtual APN function.By means of the virtual APN function, users who visit different PDNs can carry the same APN.This APN acts as the virtual APN. Based on the different matching types configured for thevirtual APN, the GGSN9811 finds the actual APNs, and then enables the users to access theproper PDNs. The virtual APN function settles the problem of poor service flexibility ofoperators, optimizes network resources, and betters service experience of users.The GGSN9811 also provides the alias APN function. To map the services of an APN to anotherAPN, operators can map the user-carried APN to an alias APN but need not modify the planningand configuration of APNs. Different APNs can correspond to the same system resources,facilitating distribution and combination of system resources.

4.3 Accessing the PDNThis describes the service provided by the GGSN9811 for accessing the packet data network(PDN). The GGSN connects mobile stations (MSs) to the external PDN to provide Internet/Intranet access services.



4-3

MSs can access the external PDN in transparent access mode or non-transparent access mode.

Transparent AccessIn transparent access mode, operators serve as Internet service providers (ISPs) and providegeneral packet radio service/universal mobile telecommunications system (GPRS/UMTS) userswith services such as email application and web browsing.Figure 4-1 shows an example of the transparent access mode. The operator's IP network canhold devices such as the world wide web (WWW) server, email server, and domain name server(DNS). A firewall is set at the connection point with the external network to shield the networkfrom unauthorized access.

Figure 4-1 Example of transparent access to an external IP network

In transparent mode, the IP address assigned to the mobile user is one of the IP addresses of theoperator. The IP address can be a static IP address that is assigned when a mobile user subscribesto a service and signs a subscription or a dynamic IP address that is assigned by the GGSN whenthe Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context is activated.The dynamic IP address can be an IP address in the internal IP address pool that is assigned tothe access point (AP) through data configuration. It can also be a dynamic IP address assignedby the authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) server or the Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol (DHCP) server.When the PDP context is activated, the MS may not carry the user identity and the GGSN maynot perform authorization or authentication for the user identity. In transparent mode, based onthe requirements of operators, the GGSN can perform authorization and authentication for theuser identity.

Non-Transparent AccessThis mode is used when operators do not serve as ISPs.Figure 4-2 shows an example of the non-transparent access mode.


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Figure 4-2 Example of non-transparent access to an ISP or an intranet

In non-transparent access mode, the IP address assigned to the mobile user is one of the IPaddresses of the ISP or the intranet. The IP address can be a static IP address that is assignedwhen the mobile user subscribes to a service and signs a subscription or a dynamic IP addressthat is assigned by the GGSN when the PDP context is activated.The dynamic IP address can be an IP address in the internal IP address pool of the GGSN. It canalso be a dynamic IP address assigned by the AAA server or the DHCP server.When the PDP context is activated, the MS must carry the user identity and authenticationinformation. After receiving the activation request from the MSS, the GGSN forwards therequest to the AAA server. The AAA server authenticates and authorizes the user identity.

4.4 GTPThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) function of the GGSN9811. GTP tunnelsare used to forward data between the SGSN and the GGSN.4.4.1 GTP TunnelThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) tunnel function of the GGSN9811. The GTPtunnel is used to forward data between the SGSN and the GGSN.4.4.2 GTP Signaling FunctionThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) signaling function of the GGSN9811. TheGTP signaling function consists of tunnel management and path management.4.4.3 IP over GTP and PPP over GTPThis describes two Packet Data Protocol (PDP) types, namely, IP (IPv4 and IPv6) over GTP andPPP over GTP, supported by the GGSN9811.



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4.4.1 GTP TunnelThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) tunnel function of the GGSN9811. The GTPtunnel is used to forward data between the SGSN and the GGSN.The data packets from the packet data network (PDN) are GTP encapsulated on the GGSN, andthen forwarded to the SGSN through the GTP tunnel between the SGSN and the GGSN. Thedata packets from the SGSN reach the GGSN through the GTP tunnel. On the GGSN, the packetsare decapsulated, and then forwarded to the PDN.The GTP tunnel is a bidirectional point-to-point connection. It is defined jointly by the tunnelendpoint identifiers (TEIDs), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port numbers, and IP addresses ofthe nodes at the two ends.

4.4.2 GTP Signaling FunctionThis describes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) signaling function of the GGSN9811. TheGTP signaling function consists of tunnel management and path management.By means of the tunnel management function, a GTP tunnel is set up between the GGSN andthe SGSN for data transmission. That is, Packet Data Protocol (PDP) contexts are set up onrelated nodes. The setup of PDP contexts consists of activation, deactivation, and update.By means of the path management function, path management messages can be transmittedbetween GSNs (GGSNs and SGSNs) to check whether the peer GSN exists. When detectingthat a path fails, the GGSN deactivates all the PDP contexts related to this path and no longertransmits data packets through this path. When detecting that signaling or data is not transmittedthrough a path for a long period, the GGSN deletes this path.

4.4.3 IP over GTP and PPP over GTPThis describes two Packet Data Protocol (PDP) types, namely, IP (IPv4 and IPv6) over GTP andPPP over GTP, supported by the GGSN9811.Figure 4-3 shows an example of IP (IPv4 and IPv6) over GTP and PPP over GTP. The PPP andIP user data can be terminated on the GGSN9811 or delivered to the L2TP network server (LNS)through a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnel.

Figure 4-3 Example of IP over GTP and PPP over GTP


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