DIDE361Product & Materials:

Commercial

unit learning objectives

By the end of the units students will be able to:

Develop an understanding and discernment of materials relating to interior partitions

both conventional and sustainable

Understand the components of wall construction and how it contributes to

acoustics and material selections

Understand fire resistance ratings and flame spread ratings as they relate to the

specification of commercial finishes.

Engage in a meaningful discussion responding to the environmental issues

concerning materials/products used in wall systems

lecture

Unit 2:

Interior Partitions and Wall Finishes

overview

• Types of Walls

• Gypsum

• Concrete

• Stone

• Wallcoverings

• Paint

• Environmental Perspective

Figure 1

walls and partitions

• Wall systems are inherently a part of the overall design process of new construction and/or remodel with any commercial application.

• As an interior designer you will have opportunities to both renovate and/or provide new construction

• Interior walls and partitions will define flow and circulation; establish zones and areas (public, social, semi-private and private).

• The construction of interior walls and partitions needs to support codes and regulation requirements as well as desired finish materials, acoustical separation and distribution of mechanical and electrical services.

Figure 2

design of partitions

• Depending on the design problem and application it is important to understand types of walls.

• We are exploring commercial interiors for this course, so let us look into the various types of commercial partitions

Figure 3

loadbearing

Load bearing• Means when applied to a building element,

subjected to or designed to carry loads in addition to its own dead load, but does not include a wall element subject only to wind or earthquake loads in addition to its own dead load.

• Materials often used for load bearing walls in commercial are steel and concrete.

• Many commercial buildings use a post and beam structural system placing the load on this system versus the exterior walls.

• This allows for curtain walls of glass that are familiar within contemporary architecture

• It also allows for larger spans of clear space on the interior for flexibility of layout.

Figure 4

gypsum board

• Gypsum board which is commonly known as drywall is the technical product name for a board that has a gypsum core and paper facing

• It can be used for walls and ceilings• One advantage of gypsum board is its strong fire

resistance. • Gypsum products can also provide sound control

are economical and versatile.• Gypsum board may be further described as

follows:– Regular Gypsum Board – a gypsum board with

naturally occurring fire resistance from the gypsum in the core; or

– Type X Gypsum Board – a gypsum board with special core additives to increase the natural fire resistance of regular gypsum board.

Figure 5

wall composition

• Interior partitions are typically constructed out of similar elements and create a wall assembly:– 1/2” (12.7mm) or 5/8”

(15.9mm) Gypsum board on each side

– 1-5/8” x 3-5/8” (38x94mm) studs spaced at 16” (400mm) on centre within the assembly

– Insulation or no insulation

Figure 6

fire rated partitions

• The requirement for Fire rated partitions are described in the Ontario Building Code (OBC) and are dependent on the following:– Occupancy type(s)

– Public Corridors

– Suites

– Exits

Figure 7

fire rated wall assemblies

• Once you have determined the rating (time) required by the OBC for the partition type, you can determine the assembly by referencing documents that have 3rd party tested assemblies

• The example shows a document produced by the CGC (Canadian Gypsum Corporation) and references UL and ULC tested assemblies by the use of a wall type numbering system (i.e. ULC W453)

Figure 8

wall cladding

Partitions that do not require a fire rating or required to be structural can also be clad in alternate materials such as:

• Glass

• Resins, acrylics and polymers

• Laminates and melamines

• Woods

• Be creative!

Figure 9

acoustics

• There are several ways to reduce noise within a floor area

• acoustic interior partitions from noise barriers and privacy between rooms

• Creating a thicker acoustical partition as show in the figure 1 provides a larger wall cavity by doubling up the studs and providing insulation between them.

• Figure 2 demonstrates staggering the studs and placing acoustic bat insulation in the voids, which produces a less wide partition width

• The building code addresses STC (Sound Transmission Class) ratings and has tested assemblies that meet specific rating needs.

Figure 10

Figure 11

unwanted noise

Some causes of unwanted noise

• Telephones

• Machines, Copiers

• Equipment

• Lighting (ballasts)

• Talking

• HVAC

• Plumbing

Figure 12

Figure 13

acoustics

Ways of reducing noise:• Selection of interior materials that

absorb sound vs. amplify• Walls & Ceilings that are irregularly

recessed (this helps to scatter sound waves)

• Distance and proximity to unwanted noise– avoid placing noisy devices next to

quiet rooms such as meeting rooms

• Introduce music or sound masking “white noise” to mask or reduce unwanted noises.

Figure 14

Figure 15

acoustic materials

Selecting the right materials for a space not only includes maintenance and durability but acoustics need to be considered.Some acoustic interior materials include:• Carpet• Fabric• Foam• Soft Woods• Dull finishes

Figure 16

wall finish materials

• Let’s look at a few commonly used materials that might be considered finish materials for interior partitions.

• We will explore areas such as:– aesthetics,

– specification,

– application,

– installation and maintenance,

– safety,

– well-being

Figure 17

wallcoverings

• Many different types of materials can be used to finish a wall surface such as:

– Vinyl

– Paint

– Wood

– Tile

– Resin

Figure 18

commercial wall paper

• Commercial wallpaper is typically composed of vinyl with a fabric backing.

• It is specified by the yard• Typically comes in 54” wide rolls• Un-pasted• Quick, effective way to change a room’s

décor• Unique designs• Adds depth, complex textures, intricate

patterns, variety of colours• Can hide imperfections/damaged walls• Can subliminally affect your emotional well

being

Figure 19

what is paint?

Pigment• Finely ground solids

of powder

Vehicle

• Liquid film-forming binder composed of volatile and non-volatile components

Volatile – the part which evaporates

when the paint dries – water in

latex paint

Non-volatile –called resin, binds

the pigment together

types of paints

Water-based paints Solvent-based paints

High-quality water-based paints offer not just an excellent all-round performance profile, they are also a good choice from an environmental perspective

Solvent-based paints, the more traditional type of paint, require users to exercise a degree of caution to avoid potential damage to the environment

gloss levels

Very shiny, easily cleaned, shows imperfections

Figure 20

FlatElegant, non-reflective, hides imperfections, easily scuffed

Eggshell, Pearl, Satin

Washable and durable, still quite elegant

Semi-glossHigh durability, trim and high traffic areas

High-gloss

paint & sustainability

• Some paints, stains, and other architectural coatings produce volatile organic compounds (VOC)

• VOCs are carbon compounds that evaporate at room temperature and react in sunlight to form ground-level ozone, an integral component of photochemical smog.

• VOCs can cause respiratory, skin, and eye irritation; headaches; nausea; muscle weakness; and more serious ailments and diseases

• Beyond VOCs, many paints and coatings are made with toxic substances and chemicals that come from non-renewable resources or are energy-intensive or polluting to produce, so even no-VOC paints and stains can affect the environment.

• Consider specifying materials that are low emitting adhesives or Low VOC

Figure 21

wood

• Wood can warm up a space and provide texture in any environment.

• The OBC prevents the use of wood as a combustible material in certain areas and limits the amount (area covered) as well as the thickness

• Think of durability and maintenanceas well as how porous the substance may be

• Choose products that meet required fire performance rating and flame spread rating as tested CAN/ULC S102

Figure 22

wall tile

• Generally rigid and impervious

• Unglazed and glazed

• Things to consider:– Material composition

– Size

– Finish

– Installation method

– Thickness

– Substrate

Figure 23

ceramic wall tile

• Mixture of clay, sand and other resources

• Glazing can occur before or after being fired in the kiln.

• Fired at a lower kiln temperature than porcelain tile and some main differences:– More porous

– Absorb moisture

– Easier to scratch

Figure 24

resin and acrylics

• Acrylic commonly is available in sheets

• It can also be formed into molds• Thicknesses range from 1/8” to

1”• You can consider in locations

were glass may be too heavy, may break or may be too dangerous

• They require to conform to ASTM D-4802

Figure 25

references

CSI (2016). MasterFormat Numbers and Titles. Retrieved from: http://www.csinet.org/numbersandtitles

Godsey, L. (2017). Interior Design Materials and Specifications, 3rd Edition. Fairchild Books, Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.

Ontario e-laws (2013). O. Reg. 350/06: BUILDING CODE. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/060350

Ontario e-laws (2015). O. Reg. 213/07: FIRE CODE https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070213

Ontario e-laws (2016). O. Reg. 191/11: INTEGRATED ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/110191

Images

1. http://luskstudios.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/SBP0522.jpg2. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b7/c3/4c/b7c34c31dad9cd91cad92e56e8fd78b6.jpg3. http://www.matrixinteriors.com/mtx/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Studs11.jpg4. http://www.ats-sd.com/images/projects/MinnesotaCentre.jpg5. http://www.chinagypsumboard.com/uploadfile/20110725202121498.jpg6. http://www.steelconstruction.info/images/thumb/d/d7/F3_11.png/250px-F3_11.png7. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c1/06/00/c10600124d83626330d209252e667d98.jpg8. http://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/canada/product_promotional_materials/finished_assets/fire-

resistant-assemblies-brochure-en-sa100-can.pdf9. http://www.3-form.com/gallery/#/project/120610. Figure 1. Retrieved from: http://www.steelconstruction.info/images/thumb/8/86/F3_5.png/300px-F3_5.png11. Figure 2: Retrieved from: http://www.steelconstruction.info/images/thumb/3/3b/F3_10.png/300px-F3_10.png12. http://www.constructionspecifier.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Noise-reduction-coefficient-NRC.jpg13. http://www.rockfon.com/files/Rockfon/performance/acoustics/sound-transmission-latteral.jpg14. http://www.rockfon.com/files/Rockfon/performance/acoustics/NA/Sound-Absorption-in-Sabin_394px.png15. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/fe/38/07/fe3807701e6d589ecb723bee0997f1b5.jpg16. http://www.paroc.com/-/media/Images/Knowhow/Sound/Illustrations-EN/Reflection-sound-absorption-and-sound-insulation2-

3243985.ashx?la=en&hash=770A275372D830CA339610CABBFF9D0A29DDEFD917. http://mindfuldesignconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/office-interior-design-colored-wall.jpg18. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/96827460712889619/19. http://www.odysseywallcoverings.com/brands/len-tex/20. http://www.valsparpaint.com/export/pics/how-to-headers/Sheenguide1.jpg21. http://newhuespainting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/voc-paint.png22. http://www.octopusproducts.com/new-octoterra-samples23. http://olympiatile.com/product/series/121/chess24. https://www.combyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/spacious-spanish-handmade-terracotta-sISsD-600x600.jpg25. http://www.3-form.com/gallery/#/project/1206

handouts

There are no handouts.

readings

Godsey, L. (2017) Interior Design Materials and Specifications. 3rd

edition

Chapter 3, pgs. 35-67

discussion

You are designing a treatment clinic and your client wants to ensure that noise does not transfer throughout the space, but especially from one

room to another. Utilizing the lecture, discuss how you would

address this by describing (a) construction methods and (b) types

of finishes you would suggest.

assignments

There are no new assignments.