processing of ni-laterite bacterial leach liquor for recovery of zn, mn, co and ni using solvent...
TRANSCRIPT
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Processing of Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor for Recovery of Zn, Mn, Co and Ni Using Solvent ExtractionInstitute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR) Bhubaneswar-751 013, Odisha, IndiaByK.C. Nathsarma
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Hydro & Electrometallurgy Department: Mission & Goal To assist public / private sector organizations / industries in developing processes for extraction of metals from:Ores and concentrates. Lean, complex, off-grade ores and minerals. wastes generated by metallurgical & allied industries (tailings, residues, sludges and effluents).
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Role of the DepartmentTo develop processes and products.Exploit primary and secondary resources.Employ hydro- & electro-metallurgical routes.Prepare feasibility reports.Develop basic and detailed engineering process packages.Assist in environment pollution abatement.
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Atmospheric & Pressure LeachingBatch Autoclaves (300 ml 1400 L)Continuous Autoclaves (500 LPH)Stirred Tank Reactors (0.5 kL 1 kL)1400 L Autoclave for Pressure Leaching1400 L Autoclave for Pressure Leaching
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Solid-Liquid Separation ThickenersFilters (Vertical leaf, Candle, Chamber)CCD Units1 ton Filter Press
1 ton Filter Press
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Solvent ExtractionMixer Settlers 26 Stages 200 L/h aqueous SX Unit.
26 Stages 200 L/h Aqueous SX Unit
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ElectrowinningRectifiers and PotentiostatCharge-Discharge Unit100 kg/day electrowinning Unit
100 Kg/day metal Electrowinning Cells
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Membrane TechnologySupported liquid membrane (6 L/h)Reverse Osmosis, Nano-filtration & Ultra-filtration membrane integral system (1 kL/h)
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Major AchievementsM/s Rubamin Pvt. Ltd.100 tpy plant was set up for recovery of cobalt from scrap/sludge M/s Shalina Corporation Ltd. 135 tpy plant was set up for cobalt carbonate M/s S.K. Enterprises & M/s Pantnagar FertilizersCopper and zinc from spent catalyst at 250 kg per day
Nickel Technology Proving Plant
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Recovery of Nickel by Solvent Extraction
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Nickel Bioleaching Pilot Plant at IMMT, Bhubaneswar (10 ton)One ton Nickel bioleaching of Chromite Overburden, Sukinda Bacterial Generation Tank Nickel cathode after electrowinning.Activation of COB in Rotary Kiln
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Process Flowsheet
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Composition of the Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor
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Precipitation of metal ions from Ni-laterite leach liquor using CaCO3
pH% Fepptd.%Nipptd.%Copptd.%Crpptd.%Alpptd.%Mn,pptd.%Znpptd.2.5150.39001.518.37023.792.9384.0404.9225.1717.51.825.133.5092.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.803.9699.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.814.431005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.795.041006.6816.7479.0697.6010.3178.665.5710026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.836.0410059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.116.5610088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.117.0010096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11
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Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from the Ni-laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3
Chart55
1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025
0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007
0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998
0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971
0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904
00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287
00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083
00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012
00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56
00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957
[Fe], kg/m3
[Ni], kg/m3
[Co], kg/m3
[Cr], kg/m3
[Al], kg/m3
[Mn], kg/m3
[Zn], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal], kg/m3
Chart1
Chart1
1.511925.92
1.486327.18
0.157392.29
0.020499
0.008499.59
0.00299.9
0.000199.995
0.000017100
0100
0100
0100
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
%Fe pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Fe(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Fe(III)
Fig.1. Precipitation of Fe(III) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor by CaCO3.
Chart2
Chart2
1.3323.25
1.326723.44
1.323523.62
1.321923.71
0.710259.01
0.097694.37
0.003799.79
0.004499.75
0.002299.87
0.002199.88
0.001699.91
[Al(III)], kg/m3
% Al pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Al(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Al(III)
Fig.2.Precipitation of Al(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart3
0.29270
0.28751.78
0.247615.41
0.205629.76
0.129155.89
0.058480.05
0.050782.68
0.046384.18
0.029190.06
0.02392.14
0.01495.22
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
%Cr(III) pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Cr(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Cr(III)
Fig.3.Precipitation of Cr(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart4
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.54853.53
0.478915.78
0.374634.12
0.323943.04
0.220661.2
0.097982.78
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
% Ni(II) pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
%Precipitation of Ni(II)
Fig.4.Preciitation of Ni(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart5
0.1610
0.1610
0.1610
0.1610
0.1544.35
0.1488.07
0.137714.47
0.11429.19
0.137.89
0.07553.42
0.033879.01
[Co(II)],kg/m3
%Co(II)pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Co(II)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Co(II)
Fig.5.Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart6
0.05820
0.05820
0.05890
0.05820
0.05830
0.05820
0.05476.01
0.020864.26
0.002595.7
0.00198.28
0.000399.48
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
%Zn(II)pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Zn(II)
Fig.6.Precipitation of Zn(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart7
Chart7
0.90060
0.90060
0.90060
0.90060
0.90040.02
0.90040.02
0.87063.33
0.84196.52
0.7714.5
0.722.27
0.64728.16
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
% Mn pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Mn(II), kg/m3
% Precipitation of Mn(II)
Fig.7.Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart8
25.9223.2500000
27.1823.441.780000
92.2923.6215.410000
9923.7129.760000
99.5959.0155.8904.3500.02
99.994.3780.053.538.0700.02
99.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33
10099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52
10099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5
10099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27
10099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16
%Fe pptd.
% Al pptd.
%Cr(III) pptd.
% Ni(II) pptd.
%Co(II)pptd.
%Zn(II)pptd.
% Mn pptd.
pH of leach liquor
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.8. Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3 (First Batch).
Chart9
1.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006
1.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006
0.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006
0.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006
0.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004
0.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004
0.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706
0.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419
00.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77
00.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7
00.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Meta ion], kg/m3
Fig.9.Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach iquor using CaCO3 . First Batch
Chart10
Chart10
0.90050.50990.13740.047880.03109
0.89450.50740.13580.047010.03109
0.87750.50360.13490.046190.03062
0.8750.50290.13410.04510.03055
0.8530.50020.13290.04390.03016
0.850.4980.13150.043310.03003
0.8470.490.13130.041560.02954
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions in CaCO3 treated solution with 10% lime slurry.
Chart11
0.8830.510.13990.048580.03274
0.880.50920.13970.047010.03263
0.8630.50840.13580.046190.03223
0.8540.50680.13440.045770.03216
0.85350.48750.13310.044870.03206
0.850.48820.13180.043730.03194
0.8470.4880.13030.042760.02979
pH of the solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated leach liquor with 10% lime slurry
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.11. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with NaOH.
Chart12
0.86550.44920.16120.050430.3281
0.84450.44850.15620.050360.3251
0.83730.43620.15140.044890.3277
0.80150.42250.15010.025460.3222
0.79150.3450.112800.02953
0.61750.05470.0053800.00846
0.08840.000420.0001300.00074
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.12. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO (at higher pH).
Chart13
0.950.45140.16130.0480.0361
0.9430.44430.15250.04790.03514
0.9240.4440.15140.04510.03423
0.9160.44250.14790.04330.03412
0.91050.4250.14120.04110.0338
0.90.4150.13530.03830.0327
0.88150.410.1340.03630.032
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.13.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S.
Chart14
Chart14
0.86550.47320.16170.047710.02168
0.85050.45610.15820.035690.0209
0.8440.43990.15110.027160.01925
0.8340.42120.14610.016690.0185
0.7710.39210.10350.013230.0181
0.194500.000120.00010.00042
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion],kg/m3
Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).
Chart15
1.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391
1.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382
1.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405
0.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241
0.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064
0.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333
0.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066
0.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074
0.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072
0.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007
pH of solution
[Meatal ion], kg/m3
Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCo3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.15. Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry.
Chart16
Chart16
0.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266
0.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222
0.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012
0.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802
0.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592
0.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325
0.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)],kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ion],kg/m3
Fig.16.Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment (at higher pH).
Chart17
16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
%Fe pptn.
%Mn pptn.
%Cu pptn.
%Ni pptn.
%Co pptn.
%Zn pptn.
%Cr pptn.
%Al pptn.
pH of the solution
Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.17. %Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment.
Chart18
Chart18
12.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46
14.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84
15.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88
18.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88
19.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91
37.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93
91.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94
%Mn pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
% Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
% Al pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.18. % Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO (at higher pH).
Chart19
16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Fe pptd.
%Mn pptd.
%Cu pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
%Al pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.19. % Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry.
Chart20
5.682.67.734.8987.76
12.025.148.2239.5187.83
13.545.419.1340.587.87
14.76.1610.2140.587.87
16.127.5114.5846.687.95
16.687.8414.8647.0987.98
16.788.1715.3750.0687.98
%Mn, pptd.
%Ni, pptd.
%Co, pptd.
% Zn, pptd.
% Cr, pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.20. % Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO.
Chart21
000
0.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302
0.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241
0.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193
0.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166
0.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153
0.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136
0.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)],
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)],
[Cr(III)],
[Al(III)], kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.21. Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-Laterite leach liquor with MgO.
Chart22
Chart22
4.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97
4.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15
6.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67
6.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76
7.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17
7.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43
13.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63
29.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73
%Mn pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
% Fe pptd.
%Al pptd.
%Cu pptd.
pH of solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.22. %Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart23
2.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504
2.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995
0.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795
0.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471
0.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464
0.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456
0.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695
0.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114
[Fe(III)], kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.23. Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor.
Chart24
5.43
14.13
48.7
67.5
71.3
73.15
74.34
75.11
77.6
78.04
78.8
81.52
% Zn extn.
Equilibrium pH
% Zn extraction
Fig.24. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.
Chart25
Chart25
-1.2403
-0.783
-0.023
0.317
0.3953
0.48
0.462
0.4796
0.5398
0.551
0.57
0.645
logDZn
Equilibrium pH
Log DZn
Fig.25. Plot of Log DZn Vs. equilibrium pH.
y = 1.2574x - 2.4693R2 = 0.9893
Chart26
0.0167000.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.065
0.02050.3420.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.0650.057
0.027
0.0392
0.0756
0.1396
0.2082
0.2744
0.342
Equilibrium pH
Log DZn
Fig.25. Plot of equilibrium pH Vs.Log DZn.
O:A=1:3.8, 3-stages
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.26. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.
Chart27
2.62
46.15
75
89.39
95
98.11
98.84
[H2SO4] : 0.5 - 20.0 kg/m3
% Zn stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Zn stripping
Fig.27. Stripping of Zn-LO with H2SO4.
Chart28
0.175001.541.540.59
0.3441.541.541.540.590.59
0.705
1.0477
1.1868
1.2413
1.615
O:A = 9:2, 2-stages
0.344 kg/m3 Zn
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.28. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Zn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart29
0
0
0
20.09
49.55
64.29
83.93
87.41
90.45
90.89
91.16
%Mn extd.
Equilibrium pH
%Mn extracted
Fig.29.Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart30
52.23
76.6
90.63
94.69
98.95
99.5
%Mn extracted
[Extractant], M
% Mn extracted
Fig.30. Effect of [NaD2EHPA] on extraction of Mn.
Chart31
001.3751.3750.70.70.02
0.27871.3751.3751.3750.70.70.020.02
0.349
0.466
0.6913
1.2525
1.375
O:A = 1:3, 3-stages
Mn =1.4 kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.31. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart32
50.39001.518.37023.795.18
84.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.17
92.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.11
99.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.48
1005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.86
1006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.02
10026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.44
10059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.44
10088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.86
10096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100
% Fe pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Cr pptd.
%Al pptd.
%Mn, pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cu pptd.
pH of solution
% Precipitation
Fig.32. %Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart33
8
9.29
51.04
68.83
71.82
%Mn extd.
EquilibriumpH
% Mn extraction
Fig.33. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.25 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart34
-0.9897
0.018
0.344
0.4063
Log DMn
Equilibrium pH
LogDMn
Fig.34.Plot of Log DMn Vs. equilibrium pH.
Chart35
6.110
5.990.142
22.43
61.12
87.29
93.6
%Mn extracted
[Extractant], M
%Mn extraction
Fig.35. Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.
Chart36
03.639.279.9525.806.3999.894793.83
0.03270.1423.9692.2912.3927.810.08187.0199.9881.1399.11
0.0409
0.0545
0.08
0.142
O:A = 1:0.85, 2-stages
Mn = 0.1636 kg/m3
O:A = 2:1, 2-stages
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
2.94
5.05
8.11
25.13
5.91
99.88
18.04
78.66
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.36. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.04 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart37
7.8
33.57
88.87
99.43
99.68
99.68
%Mnstripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Mn stripping
Fig.37.Stripping of Mn-LO with H2SO4.
Chart38
Chart38
1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025
0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007
0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998
0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971
0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904
00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287
00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083
00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012
00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56
00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957
[Fe], kg/m3
[Ni], kg/m3
[Co], kg/m3
[Cr], kg/m3
[Al], kg/m3
[Mn], kg/m3
[Zn], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal], kg/m3
Fig.59. Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart39
0.0159001.41571.41570.15
0.01951.41571.41571.41570.150.15
0.0264
0.0349
0.0264
0.1566
0.3095
0.5738
0.8881
1.1481
1.5233
O:A = 9:1, 2-stages
[Mn] = 0.1573 kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.39.McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart40
0
0
0
6.3
42.82
48.7
56.54
59.07
60.72
62.96
67.79
68.08
74.15
%Co extd.
Equilibrium pH
%Co extraction
Fig.40. Effect of eqilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt with 0.005 M NaCyanex 272.
Chart41
0.1593
0.1891
0.2303
0.323
0.329
0.4576
0.005M Cyanex 272
Log DCo
Equilibrium pH
Log DCo
Fig.41. Plot of Log DCo vs. equilibrium pH in extraction of Cobalt.
y = 1.5531x - 10.753R2 = 0.8747
Chart42
53.36
61.48
72.56
86.34
90.75
%Co extraction
[NaCyanex 272], M
%Co extraction
Fig.42.Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt.
Chart43
0.0033000.016980.016980.00080.0008
0.00420.016980.016980.016980.00080.00080.0008
0.0055
0.0081
0.0149
0.0169
[Co]Aq.= 0.1698 kg/m3
O:A = 1:1, 2-stages
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq.,kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
Fig.43.McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt using 0.0125M Cyanex 272.
Chart44
0.0056
0.0187
0.02
0.0201
0.0201
0.02
0.02
0.5 - 2.0 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[CoSO4], kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.44.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at 1:1 phase ratio.
Chart45
0.1258
0.184
0.2
0.2
0.2005
7.5 - 17.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[CoSO4 solution], kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.45. Scrubbing off Ni from Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A ratio of 10:1.
Chart46
26.53
68.05
88.67
95.5
100
100
100
100
100
1 - 25 kg/m3 H2SO4
%Co stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Co stripping
Fig.46.Stripping of Co-LO with H2SO4.
Chart47
0.37200991.55
0.7449991.551.55
1.484
2.964
4.4108
5.96
7.0313
8.0125
9.2
O:A = 12:1, 2-stages
[Co]LO : 0.75 kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.47. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 60 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart48
17.95
59.02
61.8
65.72
75.72
99.84
99.92
99.92
0.2 - 2.0 N Oxalic Acid
%Co stripped
[Oxalic Acid], N
%Co stripping
Fig.48. Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic acid.
Chart49
0.248003330.39
0.371333330.390.39
0.7463
1.4975
2.195
2.7475
3.1163
O:A = 4:1, 2-Stages
[Co]LO = 0.75 kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.49. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic acid.
Chart50
24.59
60.37
66.76
72.72
74.31
75.06
77.56
77.83
78.23
78.3
79.55
80.37
%Ni extn.
Equilibrium pH
% Ni extraction
Fig.50. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.
Chart51
-0.487
0.1827
0.303
0.426
0.461
0.478
0.538
0.545
0.555
0.557
0.59
0.612
Dni
Equilibrium pH
Log DNi
Fig.51. Plot of equilibrium pH versus Log DNi.
Chart52
1.25
17.9
60.92
92.5
98.65
99.12
%Ni extd.
[NaD2EHPA], M
%Ni extraction
Fig.52 Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Ni.
Chart53
-1.8996
-0.661
0.193
1.091
1.865
2.052
Log Dni
Log[Extractant]
Log DNi
Fig.53. Plot of Log DNi Vs. Log[Extractant].
Chart54
0.166200.640.640.640.12
0.24920.6400.640.120.12
0.4972
0.7045
[Ni]Aq.,0.5013 kg/m3
O:A = 4:5, 2-stages
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
Fig.54. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Ni with 0.12 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart 38
0.0401
0.059
0.0799
0.1
0.1026
0.1063
0.1078
0.1151
0.1256
O:A = 2:1 to 10:1
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
O:A ratio
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.55.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with 7.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.
Chart57
8.82
29.65
69.25
75.58
96.36
99.34
99.34
99.34
0.5 - 20 kg/m3 H2SO4
%Ni stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Ni stripping
Fig.55. Stripping of Ni-LO with H2SO4.
Chart58
0.75006.046.046.041.1
0.37386.046.046.041.11.11.1
1.5075
3.0188
4.4469
5.3469
6.1031
[Ni]LO = 0.755 kg/m3
O:A = 8:1, 2-stages
[Ni]Aq., k/m3
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.58. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Ni-LO with 20 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Sheet1
Precipitation of Fe(III) with CaCO3[Fe(III)] in solution =2.041 kg/m3
pH of Soln.
pH of Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3%Fe pptd.
2.261.511925.922.26
2.561.486327.182.56
2.730.157392.292.73
3.530.0204993.53
3.810.008499.593.81
4.30.00299.94.3
5.810.000199.9955.81
6.30.0000171006.3
6.4701006.47
6.8201006.82
7.0701007.07
Precipitation of Al 3+ with CaCO3{Al(III)] in solution=1.7328 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Al(III)], kg/m3% Al pptd.
2.261.3323.25
2.561.326723.44
2.731.323523.62
3.531.321923.71
3.810.710259.01
4.30.097694.37
5.810.003799.79
6.30.004499.75
6.470.002299.87
6.820.002199.88
7.070.001699.91
Precipitation of Cr(III) with CaCO3[Cr(III)] in solution= 0.2655 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Cr(III)],kg/m3%Cr(III) pptd.
2.260.29270
2.560.28751.78
2.730.247615.41
3.530.205629.76
3.810.129155.89
4.30.058480.05
5.810.050782.68
6.30.046384.18
6.470.029190.06
6.820.02392.14
7.070.01495.22
Precipitation of Ni(II) with CaCO3 from nickel; laterite bacterial leach liquor[Ni] in leach liquor=0.5116
pH Soln.[Ni(II)], kg/m3% Ni(II) pptd.
2.260.56860
2.560.56860
2.730.56860
3.530.56860
3.810.56860
4.30.54853.53
5.810.478915.78
6.30.374634.12
6.470.323943.04
6.820.220661.2
7.070.097982.78
Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Co(II)] in solution=0.1763 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Co(II)],kg/m3%Co(II)pptd.
2.260.1610
2.560.1610
2.730.1610
3.530.1610
3.810.1544.35
4.30.1488.07
5.810.137714.47
6.30.11429.19
6.470.137.89
6.820.07553.42
7.070.033879.01
Precipitation of Zn(II) from nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Zn(II)] in solution=0.0582
pH Soln.[Zn(II)], kg/m3%Zn(II)pptd.
2.260.05820
2.560.05820
2.730.05890
3.530.05820
3.810.05830
4.30.05820
5.810.05476.01
6.30.020864.26
6.470.002595.7
6.820.00198.28
7.070.000399.48
Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.[Mn(II)] in solution =0.9006 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3% Mn pptd.
2.260.90060
2.560.90060
2.730.90060
3.530.90060
3.810.90040.02
4.30.90040.02
5.810.87063.33
6.30.84196.52
6.470.7714.5
6.820.722.27
7.070.64728.16
Percentage precipitation of Fe, Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Mnon treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.%Fe pptd.% Al pptd.%Cr(III) pptd.% Ni(II) pptd.%Co(II)pptd.%Zn(II)pptd.% Mn pptd.
2.2625.9223.2500000
2.5627.1823.441.780000
2.7392.2923.6215.410000
3.539923.7129.760000
3.8199.5959.0155.8904.3500.02
4.399.994.3780.053.538.0700.02
5.8199.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33
6.310099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52
6.4710099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5
6.8210099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27
7.0710099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16
Concentration of metal ions in nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor after treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Mn(II)], kg/m3
2.261.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006
2.561.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006
2.730.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006
3.530.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006
3.810.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004
4.30.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004
5.810.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706
6.30.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419
6.4700.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77
6.8200.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7
7.0700.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647
Precipitation of Metal Ions from CaCO3 precipitated Solution with 10% lime slurry with10% lime slurryFirst Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.60.90050.50990.13740.047880.031090.0018930.015130.002471
4.920.89450.50740.13580.047010.031090.0000250.00072190.002227
5.230.87750.50360.13490.046190.0306200.0050610.002018
5.510.8750.50290.13410.04510.0305500.0032660.001848
6.180.8530.50020.13290.04390.0301600.0018720.001064
6.40.850.4980.13150.043310.0300300.0015280.000805
70.8470.490.13130.041560.0295400.0013750.000312
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with NaOH
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.580.8830.510.13990.048580.032740.0019520.002742
50.880.50920.13970.047010.032630.0015560.0063020.002587
5.760.8630.50840.13580.046190.032230.0006250.0011840.001866
6.060.8540.50680.13440.045770.032160.0003840.00084030.001354
6.330.85350.48750.13310.044870.032060.0000580.0007830.000937
6.740.850.48820.13180.043730.031940.0000150.00070660.000563
70.8470.4880.13030.042760.0297900.00063020.000338
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with MgO (higher pH)
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
5.010.86550.44920.16120.050430.32810.0006120.00750.00217
6.160.84450.44850.15620.050360.32510.0002930.002140.00128
6.940.83730.43620.15140.044890.32770.0000460.001660.00584
7.50.80150.42250.15010.025460.32220.0000270.001620.00014
7.90.79150.3450.112800.029530.0000240.001260.000064
8.340.61750.05470.0053800.008460.0000210.001010.00006
90.08840.000420.0001300.000740.0000180.000860.000053
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3precipitated solution with Na2S
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.430.950.45140.16130.0480.03610.002050.02380.00184
4.840.9430.44430.15250.04790.035140.000360.01070.000097
5.710.9240.4440.15140.04510.034230.000060.002290
60.9160.44250.14790.04330.034120.000050.00216
6.420.91050.4250.14120.04110.03380.0000480.0020
6.740.90.4150.13530.03830.03270.000040.00160
70.88150.410.1340.03630.032
Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH)
pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.720.86550.47320.16170.047710.021680.0003670.022960.00037
5.970.85050.45610.15820.035690.02090.000090.002990.000025
6.460.8440.43990.15110.027160.019250.0000850.0021390.000024
6.950.8340.42120.14610.016690.01850.0000780.001760.000022
7.50.7710.39210.10350.013230.01810.0000540.001410.00002
8.750.194500.000120.00010.000420.000040.0011650.000018
Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry
pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3
2.171.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391
2.351.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382
2.541.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405
3.110.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241
3.480.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064
4.460.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333
5.330.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066
5.760.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074
7.030.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072
7.250.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007
Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with 10% lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment
pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3
5.010.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266
6.330.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222
6.810.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012
7.130.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802
8.340.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592
90.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325
100.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172
% Pecipitation of metal ions from ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment
pH%Fe pptn.%Mn pptn.%Cu pptn.%Ni pptn.%Co pptn.%Zn pptn.%Cr pptn.%Al pptn.
2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated leach Liquor with MgO (at higher pH)
pH%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.% Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Al pptd.
5.0112.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46
6.1614.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84
6.9415.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88
7.518.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88
7.919.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91
8.3437.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93
991.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94
Percentage precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using lime slurry
Equil.% Fe%Mn%Cu%Ni%Co%Zn%Cr%Al
pHpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.
2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated Leach Liquor with MgO
pH of Soln.%Mn, pptd.%Ni,%Co, pptd.% Zn,% Cr,
pptd.pptd.pptd.
4.855.682.67.734.8987.76
5.6212.025.148.2239.5187.83
5.8213.545.419.1340.587.87
6.0314.76.1610.2140.587.87
6.4216.127.5114.5846.687.95
6.8616.687.8414.8647.0987.98
7.0816.788.1715.3750.0687.98
Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO
pH of Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)],[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)],[Cr(III)],[Al(III)], kg/m3
kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3
4.850.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302
5.620.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241
5.820.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193
6.030.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166
6.420.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153
6.860.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136
7.080.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122
Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at higher pH)
pHFe(III),kg/m3[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3
5.030.0014360.90050.44290.16080.048310.0020320.005825
6.070.0003490.86950.42750.15040.047390.0018840.001413
70.0000530.83950.40970.14320.042760.0017840.0008212
7.990.0000190.8120.31980.10410.000220.0012890.0006875
8.1500.64450.07490.0181500.0009560.0004011
8.3300.58250.04370.0113700.0007240.0003247
8.500.55250.01430.0052800.0005460.0009992
900.3070.0015770.0034800.0004390.000191
% Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at higher pH)
pH%Fe pptd.%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.%Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.%Al pptd.
5.0399.938.6713.438.7920.5399.2399.58
6.0799.9811.8216.4414.6921.8999.2999.89
799.99714.8619.9218.7729.5299.3399.94
7.9999.99917.6537.4940.9599.6499.5199.95
8.1510034.6385.3689.7110099.6499.97
8.3310040.9291.4693.5510099.7399.98
8.510043.9797.29710099.7999.93
910068.8699.6998.0310099.8399.99
%Precipitation of metal ions from the New Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3
Second Batch Leach Liquor
pH of soln.%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.%Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Fe pptd.%Al pptd.%Cu pptd.
2.124.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97
2.944.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15
3.636.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67
3.966.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76
4.437.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17
5.917.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43
6.3913.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63
7.0129.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73
Table 20 . Precipitation of metal ions from Ni-laterite leach liquor using CaCO3.Second Batch Leach Liquor
pH of[Fe(III)],[Al(III)],[Cr(III)],[Ni(II)],[Co(II)],[Zn(II)],[Mn(II)],
Solutionkg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3
2.122.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504
2.942.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995
3.630.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795
3.960.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471
4.430.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464
5.910.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456
6.390.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695
7.010.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114
Extraction of Zn from the second batch of Ni-laterite solution after CaCO3 treatment
Equil.% ZnInitialEquil.[Zn]Raff.,[Zn]Org.,DLog D% Zn
pHextn.pHpHkg/m3kg/m3extn.
0.95.4310.90.0870.0050.0575-1.24035.43
1.4714.131.481.470.0790.0130.165-0.78314.13
1.9648.72.011.960.04720.04480.949-0.02348.7
2.1967.52.512.190.02990.06212.0770.31767.5
2.2871.332.280.02640.06562.48480.395371.3
2.3173.153.462.310.02290.06913.0170.4873.15
2.3274.343.982.320.02360.06842.8980.46274.34
2.3375.114.422.330.02290.06913.01750.479675.15
2.4177.65.22.410.02060.07143.4660.539877.6
2.4278.045.752.420.02020.07183.5540.55178.04
2.4378.86.322.430.01950.07253.7180.5778.8
2.4581.526.762.450.0170.0754.4120.64581.52
Equil.pHlogDZn
0.9-1.2403
1.47-0.783
1.96-0.023
2.190.317
2.280.3953
2.310.48
2.320.462
2.330.4796
2.410.5398
2.420.551
2.430.57
2.450.645
McCabe-Thiele plot for Zn extraction
Vol. of OrganicVol. ofEquilibriumO:A ratio[Zn]Aq.,[Zn]Org.,
AqueouspHkg/m3kg/m3
24242.451:010.01640.0756
16322.531:020.02220.1396
32162.32:010.01360.0392
12362.761:030.02260.2082
36122.233:010.01090.027
9.638.42.871:040.02340.2744
38.49.62.194:010.01010.0205
84031:050.02360.342
4082.165:010.00840.0167
[Zn]Aq.,kg/m3[Zn]Org., kg/m30.0920000.0920.3420.02360.3420.02360.0880.01770.0880.01770.0650.01550.065
0.00840.01670.0920.3420.0920.3420.02360.3420.02360.0880.01770.0880.01770.0650.01550.0650.01550.057
0.01010.0205
0.01090.027
0.01360.0392Stripping of Zn-loaded organic phase with H2SO4
0.01640.0756
0.02220.1396[H2SO4], kg/m3[Zn]SS, kg/m3% Zn stripping[H2SO4], kg/m3% Zn stripping
0.02260.20820.50.0092.620.52.62
0.02340.274410.158846.15146.15
0.02360.34220.25875275
50.307589.39589.39
100.3268951095
150.337598.111598.11
200.3498.842098.84
Stripping isotherm of Zn with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Vol. ofVol. ofO:A[Zn]Raff.,[Zn]Org.,[Zn]Org., kg/m3[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
Org.Aq.ratiokg/m3kg/m300.1750.3440000.3441.540.1331.540.1330.59
18181:010.3410.00300.3440.3441.540.3441.540.1331.540.1330.5900.59
24122:010.705000.705
2793:011.0477001.0477
28.8724:011.18680.04730.04731.1868
3065:011.24130.09570.09571.2413
12241:020.17500.14211.615
3248:011.6150.1421
Effect of pH on extraction of Mn from the Zn-free raffinate.
Equil.% Mn extractedEquil.pH%Mn extd.
pH0.580
0.5800.690
0.6901.840
1.8403.0320.09
3.0320.094.1649.55
4.1649.554.4964.29
4.4964.295.3783.93
5.3783.935.687.41
5.687.415.8990.45
5.8990.456.0390.89
6.0390.896.1891.16
6.1891.16
Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn.
[NaD2EHPA],Equil.[Mn],% Mn[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn extracted
MpHkg/m3extracted0.0552.23
0.055.350.668852.230.07576.6
0.0755.590.327576.60.190.63
0.15.90.131390.630.1594.69
0.067594.690.067594.690.298.95
0.26.40.014898.950.2599.5
0.256.650.006999.5
McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.
O:A[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org.,[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m3
ratiokg/m31.40001.41.3750.71251.3750.71250.70.020.70.020.02
1:010.14751.25250.00640.27871.41.3751.41.3750.71251.3750.71250.70.020.70.020.0200.02
1:020.71251.3750.00410.349
2:010.01740.69130.00210.466
1:031.03131.10630.01740.6913
3:010.00210.4660.14751.2525
1:041.21880.7250.71251.375
4:010.00410.349
1:051.3250.375
5:010.00640.2787
Third Batch of Leach Liquor
Pecipitation of impurities from the third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.Third Batch of Leach Liquor
PH% Fe%Ni%Co%Cr%Al%Mn,%Zn%CuPH[Fe],[Ni],[Co],[Cr],[Al],[Mn],[Zn],
pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3
2.5150.39001.518.37023.795.182.511.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025
2.9384.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.172.930.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007
3.592.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.113.50.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998
3.9699.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.483.960.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971
4.431005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.864.430.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904
5.041006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.025.0400.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287
5.5710026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.445.5700.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083
6.0410059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.446.0400.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012
6.5610088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.866.5600.05110.00230.01630.00170.06490.0012
710096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100700.01390.00080.00440.00130.02950.0012
Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn with0.25 M D2EHPA.
Equil.%MnEquil. pH%Mn extd.
pHextn.1.678
1.6782.989.29
2.989.295.5351.04
5.5351.045.9468.83
5.9468.836.1371.82
6.1371.82
Equil. pHLog DMn
Second Batch Leach Liquor
2.98-0.9897
5.530.018
5.940.344pH of[Fe(III)],[Al(III)],[Cr(III)],[Ni(II)],[Co(II)],[Zn(II)],[Mn(II)],
6.130.4063Solutionkg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3
2.122.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504
McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.2.942.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995
3.630.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795
3.960.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471
[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn extracted4.430.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464
extn.0.0056.115.910.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456
0.0056.110.015.996.390.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695
0.015.990.0222.437.010.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114
0.0222.430.0361.12
0.0361.120.0487.29
0.0487.290.0593.6Table 23 . %Precipitation of metal ions from second batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with
0.0593.6CaCO3.
pH of%Fe% Al%Cr(III)% Ni(II)%Co(II)%Zn(II)% Mn
Solutionpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.
O:A[Mn]Aq.,[Mn]Org.,,[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m32.124.612.8211.256.836.4723.794.48
ratiokg/m3kg/m32.946.675.0513.318.116.9325.134.76
1:010.02160.1420.000080.03270.1636003.6381.259.2757.669.957.825.86.03
1:020.13680.05360.000070.04090.16360.1420.16363.9697.292.2976.1812.398.4327.816.57
2:010.00370.080.00020.05454.4399.9897.8798.0313.518.8432.797.02
1:030.160.01080.00370.085.9199.9999.8898.4718.0415.6978.667.53
3:010.00020.05450.02160.1420.1636006.3999.9999.8998.474727.4593.8313.02
1:040.16140.00880.16360.08180.16367.0199.9999.9898.9181.1358.6699.1129.25
4:010.000070.0409
1:050.16180.009
5:010.000080.0327
Stripping of Mn-loaded D2EHPA (0.04M NaD2EHPA)
[H2SO4],% Mn[H2SO4], kg/m3%Mnstripping
kg/m3stripping0.27.8
0.27.80.533.57
0.533.57188.87
188.871.599.43
1.599.43299.68
299.682.599.68
2.599.68
McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-loaded D2EHPA.(0.04 M NaD2EHPA)
O:A[Mn]Org., kg/m3[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m3[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
ratio00.01590.15730000.15731.41570.0171.41570.0170.15
1:010.00070.156600.01950.15731.41570.15731.41570.0171.41570.0170.1500.15
1:020.00050.078400.0264
1:040.00030.03930.00030.0349
1:060.00010.02640.00050.0264
1:0800.01950.00070.1566
1:1000.01590.00260.3095
2:010.00260.30950.00590.5738
4:010.01390.57380.00930.8881
6:010.00930.88810.01381.1481
8:010.01381.14810.0181.5233
10:010.0051.5233
Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt using 0.005 M naCyanex 272
Equil. pH[Co],% CoEquil.pH%Co extd.
kg/m3extn.1.080
1.080.01701.590
1.590.01701.920
1.920.01702.836.3
2.830.01596.35.4742.82
5.470.009742.826.3548.7
6.350.008748.76.7956.54
6.790.007456.54759.07
70.00759.077.0660.72
7.060.006760.727.1162.96
7.110.006362.967.1367.79
7.130.005567.797.1468.08
7.140.005468.087.1974.15
7.190.004474.15
Equil.
pHLog DCoEquil.pHLog DCo
1.08-
1.59-
1.92-
2.83-1.1726
5.47-0.1255
6.35-0.0225
6.790.1142
70.159370.1593
7.060.18917.060.1891
7.110.23037.110.2303
7.130.3237.130.323
7.140.3297.140.329
7.190.45767.190.4576
Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt
[NaCyanex 272], MEquil.[Co],% Co[NaCyanex 272], M%Co extraction
pHkg/m3extn.0.00553.36
0.0056.750.007953.360.005561.48
0.00556.860.006561.480.007572.56
0.00756.950.004772.560.0186.34
0.017.080.002386.340.012590.75
0.01257.220.001690.75
McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt with 0.0125 M Cyanex 272.
O:A[Co]Aq ,[Co]Org.,[Co]Aq., kg/m3[Co]Org., kg/m3
ratiokg/m3kg/m30.00020.0033
1:010.00210.01490.00040.0042
1:020.00850.01690.00040.00550.16980000.16980.016980.0080.016980.0080.0008
2:010.00080.00810.00080.00810.16980.016980.16980.016980.0080.016980.0080.000800.0008
1:030.01440.00780.00210.0149
3:010.00040.00550.00850.0169
1:040.01690.0005
4:010.00040.0042
1:050.01690.0003
5:010.00020.0033
[CoSO4], kg/m3Equil.[Ni]Aq., kg/m3[Co]Aq.,[Co]Org.,[CoSO4], kg/m3[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
pHkg/m3kg/m30.50.0056
0.56.40.00560.18850.32850.750.0187
0.756.220.01870.25390.513110.02
16.080.020.31750.69951.250.0201
1.2560.02010.4450.8221.50.0201
1.55.990.02010.660.8571.750.02
1.755.960.020.89250.87451.95950.02
1.95955.940.021.10940.8671
Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A=10:1
[CoSO4], kg/m3Equil.O:A[Ni]Aq.,[Co]Aq.,[Co]Org.,[CoSO4], kg/m3[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
pHratiokg/m3kg/m3kg/m37.50.1258
7.55.710:010.12582.550.498100.184
105.7510:010.1843.21250.678512.50.2
12.55.7510:010.24.640.786150.2
155.7510:010.26.7250.827517.50.2005
17.55.7610:010.20056.15121.1345
Stripping of cobalt from Co-LO with H2SO4.
[H2SO4], kg/m3pH of H2SO4Equil.[Co],%Co[H2SO4], kg/m3%Co stripping
pHkg/m3stripping126.53
11.833.220.19926.53468.05
41.3430.510468.05788.67
71.172.880.66588.671095.5
101.12.660.687591.6713100
131.082.420.7510016100
160.972.40.7510019100
190.892.390.7510022100
220.832.380.7510025100
250.812.390.75100
Stripping of Co-LO with 60 gpl H2SO4.
O:A[Co] Aq.,[Co] Org.,[Co]Org., kg/m3[Co]Aq., kg/m3
ratiokg/m3kg/m30.0060.372
1:010.7440.0070.0070.744
1:020.3720.0060.0081.4840.750000.7590.12890.1281.55
2:011.4840.0080.0092.9640.7590.7590.12890.1281.5501.55
4:012.9640.0090.00954.4108
6:014.41080.00950.015.96
8:015.960.010.04697.0313
10:017.03130.04690.08238.0125
12:018.01250.08230.13679.2
15:019.20.1367
Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic Acid
[Oxalic Acid], N%Co[Oxalic Acid], N%Co stripped
0.02stripping0.0217.95
0.0517.950.0559.02
0.159.020.161.8
0.261.80.265.72
0.465.720.475.72
0.875.720.899.84
1.599.841.599.92
299.92299.92
99.92
McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic Acid.
O:A[Co] Org.,[Co] Aq.,[Co]Org., kg/m3[Co]Aq., kg/m3
ratiokg/m3kg/m300.248
1:010.00380.746300.37130.750000.7530.130.10.39
1:020.00750.371300.74630.7530.7530.130.10.3900.39
2:010.00131.49750.00131.4975
3:010.01842.1950.01842.195
4:010.06312.74750.06312.7475
5:010.12683.11630.12683.1163
1:030.0060.248
Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.
Equil.[Ni] Aq.,% NiEquil.pH%Ni extn.
pHkg/m3extn.5.5824.59
5.580.37824.596.3160.37
6.310.198660.376.5766.76
6.570.166666.766.7772.72
6.770.136872.726.8974.31
6.890.128874.316.9675.06
6.960.12575.06777.56
70.112577.567.0777.83
7.070.111177.837.178.23
7.10.109178.237.1178.3
7.110.108878.37.1379.55
7.130.102579.557.1680.37
7.160.098480.37
Correlation of equilibrium pH with Log Dni
Equil. pHDni
5.58-0.487
6.310.1827
6.570.303
6.770.426
6.890.461
6.960.478
70.538
7.070.545
7.10.555
7.110.557
7.130.59
7.160.612
[NaD2EPHA], M[Ni]Aq., kg/m3%Ni[NaD2EHPA], M%Ni extd.
extn.0.02 M1.25
0.02 M0.4951.250.04 M17.9
0.04 M0.411517.90.06 M60.92
0.06 M0.195960.920.8 M92.5
0.8 M0.037692.50.1 M98.65
0.1 M0.006898.650.12 M99.12
0.12 M0.004499.12
Plot of Log{Extractant] versus Log Dni.
Log [Extractant]Log Dni
-1.699-1.8996
-1.398-0.661
-1.2220.193
-1.0971.091
-11.865
-0.9212.052
Extraction isotherm for Ni withwith 0.12 M NaD2EHPA
O:A[Ni]Aq.,[Ni]Org.,[Ni]Aq., kg/m3[Ni]Org., kg/m3
ratiokg/m3kg/m30.00260.16620.501300.50130.640.50130.640.0950.640.0950.12
1:010.00410.49720.00290.24920.50130.64000.0950.640.0950.1200.12
1:020.1490.70450.00410.4972
2:010.00290.24920.1490.7045
1:030.35020.3021
3:010.00260.1662
1:040.38780.4538
1:050.45560.2283
Scrubbing off Ni from the Co_LO with 7.5 gpl CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.
O/A[Ni]Aq.,O/A[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
kg/m320.0401
20.040130.059
30.05940.0799
40.079950.1
50.160.1026
60.102670.1063
70.106380.1078
80.107890.1151
90.1151100.1256
100.1256
Stripping ofNi-LO with different concentrations of H2SO4.
[H2SO4], kg/m3[Ni],% Ni[H2SO4],kg/m3%Ni stripping
kg/m3stripping0.58.82
0.50.06668.82129.65
10.223929.651.569.25
1.50.522969.25275.58
20.570675.58496.36
40.727596.36899.34
80.7599.341699.34
160.7599.342099.34
200.7599.34
Vol. ofVol. ofO:A[Ni]Org.,[Ni]Aq.,[Ni]Org., kg/m3[Ni]Aq., k/m3
Org.Aq.ratiokg/m3kg/m300.75
24241:10.0050.7500.37380.7550000.7556.040.146.040.141.1
16321:20.00750.373801.50750.7556.040.7556.040.146.040.141.101.1
32162:10.00251.50750.00033.0188
38.49.64:10.00033.01880.01384.4469
41.16.96:010.01384.44690.08665.3469
42.75.38:010.08665.34690.14476.1031
43.64.410:010.14476.1031
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from the Ni-laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3
Chart1
Chart1
1.511925.92
1.486327.18
0.157392.29
0.020499
0.008499.59
0.00299.9
0.000199.995
0.000017100
0100
0100
0100
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
%Fe pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Fe(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Fe(III)
Fig.1. Precipitation of Fe(III) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor by CaCO3.
Chart2
Chart2
1.3323.25
1.326723.44
1.323523.62
1.321923.71
0.710259.01
0.097694.37
0.003799.79
0.004499.75
0.002299.87
0.002199.88
0.001699.91
[Al(III)], kg/m3
% Al pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Al(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Al(III)
Fig.2.Precipitation of Al(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart3
0.29270
0.28751.78
0.247615.41
0.205629.76
0.129155.89
0.058480.05
0.050782.68
0.046384.18
0.029190.06
0.02392.14
0.01495.22
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
%Cr(III) pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Cr(III)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Cr(III)
Fig.3.Precipitation of Cr(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart4
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.56860
0.54853.53
0.478915.78
0.374634.12
0.323943.04
0.220661.2
0.097982.78
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
% Ni(II) pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
%Precipitation of Ni(II)
Fig.4.Preciitation of Ni(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart5
0.1610
0.1610
0.1610
0.1610
0.1544.35
0.1488.07
0.137714.47
0.11429.19
0.137.89
0.07553.42
0.033879.01
[Co(II)],kg/m3
%Co(II)pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Co(II)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Co(II)
Fig.5.Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart6
0.05820
0.05820
0.05890
0.05820
0.05830
0.05820
0.05476.01
0.020864.26
0.002595.7
0.00198.28
0.000399.48
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
%Zn(II)pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
% Precipitation of Zn(II)
Fig.6.Precipitation of Zn(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart7
Chart7
0.90060
0.90060
0.90060
0.90060
0.90040.02
0.90040.02
0.87063.33
0.84196.52
0.7714.5
0.722.27
0.64728.16
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
% Mn pptd.
pH of the leach liquor
[Mn(II), kg/m3
% Precipitation of Mn(II)
Fig.7.Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.
Chart8
25.9223.2500000
27.1823.441.780000
92.2923.6215.410000
9923.7129.760000
99.5959.0155.8904.3500.02
99.994.3780.053.538.0700.02
99.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33
10099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52
10099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5
10099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27
10099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16
%Fe pptd.
% Al pptd.
%Cr(III) pptd.
% Ni(II) pptd.
%Co(II)pptd.
%Zn(II)pptd.
% Mn pptd.
pH of leach liquor
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.8. Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3 (First Batch).
Chart9
1.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006
1.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006
0.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006
0.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006
0.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004
0.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004
0.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706
0.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419
00.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77
00.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7
00.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Meta ion], kg/m3
Fig.9.Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach iquor using CaCO3 . First Batch
Chart10
Chart10
0.90050.50990.13740.047880.03109
0.89450.50740.13580.047010.03109
0.87750.50360.13490.046190.03062
0.8750.50290.13410.04510.03055
0.8530.50020.13290.04390.03016
0.850.4980.13150.043310.03003
0.8470.490.13130.041560.02954
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions in CaCO3 treated solution with 10% lime slurry.
Chart11
0.8830.510.13990.048580.03274
0.880.50920.13970.047010.03263
0.8630.50840.13580.046190.03223
0.8540.50680.13440.045770.03216
0.85350.48750.13310.044870.03206
0.850.48820.13180.043730.03194
0.8470.4880.13030.042760.02979
pH of the solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated leach liquor with 10% lime slurry
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.11. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with NaOH.
Chart12
0.86550.44920.16120.050430.3281
0.84450.44850.15620.050360.3251
0.83730.43620.15140.044890.3277
0.80150.42250.15010.025460.3222
0.79150.3450.112800.02953
0.61750.05470.0053800.00846
0.08840.000420.0001300.00074
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.12. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO (at higher pH).
Chart13
0.950.45140.16130.0480.0361
0.9430.44430.15250.04790.03514
0.9240.4440.15140.04510.03423
0.9160.44250.14790.04330.03412
0.91050.4250.14120.04110.0338
0.90.4150.13530.03830.0327
0.88150.410.1340.03630.032
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.13.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S.
Chart14
Chart14
0.86550.47320.16170.047710.02168
0.85050.45610.15820.035690.0209
0.8440.43990.15110.027160.01925
0.8340.42120.14610.016690.0185
0.7710.39210.10350.013230.0181
0.194500.000120.00010.00042
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion],kg/m3
Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).
Chart15
1.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391
1.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382
1.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405
0.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241
0.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064
0.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333
0.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066
0.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074
0.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072
0.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007
pH of solution
[Meatal ion], kg/m3
Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCo3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Fe(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ions], kg/m3
Fig.15. Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry.
Chart16
Chart16
0.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266
0.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222
0.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012
0.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802
0.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592
0.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325
0.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172
[Mn(II)],kg/m3
[Ni(II)],kg/m3
[Co(II)],kg/m3
[Zn(II)],kg/m3
[Cr(III)],kg/m3
[Al(III)],kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ion],kg/m3
Fig.16.Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment (at higher pH).
Chart17
16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
%Fe pptn.
%Mn pptn.
%Cu pptn.
%Ni pptn.
%Co pptn.
%Zn pptn.
%Cr pptn.
%Al pptn.
pH of the solution
Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.17. %Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment.
Chart18
Chart18
12.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46
14.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84
15.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88
18.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88
19.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91
37.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93
91.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94
%Mn pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
% Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
% Al pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.18. % Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO (at higher pH).
Chart19
16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Fe pptd.
%Mn pptd.
%Cu pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
%Al pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.19. % Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry.
Chart20
5.682.67.734.8987.76
12.025.148.2239.5187.83
13.545.419.1340.587.87
14.76.1610.2140.587.87
16.127.5114.5846.687.95
16.687.8414.8647.0987.98
16.788.1715.3750.0687.98
%Mn, pptd.
%Ni, pptd.
%Co, pptd.
% Zn, pptd.
% Cr, pptd.
pH of the solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.20. % Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO.
Chart21
000
0.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302
0.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241
0.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193
0.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166
0.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153
0.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136
0.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)],
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)],
[Cr(III)],
[Al(III)], kg/m3
pH of the solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.21. Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-Laterite leach liquor with MgO.
Chart22
Chart22
4.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97
4.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15
6.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67
6.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76
7.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17
7.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43
13.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63
29.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73
%Mn pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cr pptd.
% Fe pptd.
%Al pptd.
%Cu pptd.
pH of solution
% Precipitation of metal ions
Fig.22. %Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart23
2.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504
2.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995
0.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795
0.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471
0.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464
0.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456
0.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695
0.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114
[Fe(III)], kg/m3
[Al(III)], kg/m3
[Cr(III)], kg/m3
[Ni(II)], kg/m3
[Co(II)], kg/m3
[Zn(II)], kg/m3
[Mn(II)], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal ion], kg/m3
Fig.23. Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor.
Chart24
5.43
14.13
48.7
67.5
71.3
73.15
74.34
75.11
77.6
78.04
78.8
81.52
% Zn extn.
Equilibrium pH
% Zn extraction
Fig.24. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.
Chart25
Chart25
-1.2403
-0.783
-0.023
0.317
0.3953
0.48
0.462
0.4796
0.5398
0.551
0.57
0.645
logDZn
Equilibrium pH
Log DZn
Fig.25. Plot of Log DZn Vs. equilibrium pH.
y = 1.2574x - 2.4693R2 = 0.9893
Chart26
0.0167000.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.065
0.02050.3420.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.0650.057
0.027
0.0392
0.0756
0.1396
0.2082
0.2744
0.342
Equilibrium pH
Log DZn
Fig.25. Plot of equilibrium pH Vs.Log DZn.
O:A=1:3.8, 3-stages
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.26. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.
Chart27
2.62
46.15
75
89.39
95
98.11
98.84
[H2SO4] : 0.5 - 20.0 kg/m3
% Zn stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Zn stripping
Fig.27. Stripping of Zn-LO with H2SO4.
Chart28
0.175001.541.540.59
0.3441.541.541.540.590.59
0.705
1.0477
1.1868
1.2413
1.615
O:A = 9:2, 2-stages
0.344 kg/m3 Zn
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
[Zn]Org., kg/m3
[Zn]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.28. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Zn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart29
0
0
0
20.09
49.55
64.29
83.93
87.41
90.45
90.89
91.16
%Mn extd.
Equilibrium pH
%Mn extracted
Fig.29.Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart30
52.23
76.6
90.63
94.69
98.95
99.5
%Mn extracted
[Extractant], M
% Mn extracted
Fig.30. Effect of [NaD2EHPA] on extraction of Mn.
Chart31
001.3751.3750.70.70.02
0.27871.3751.3751.3750.70.70.020.02
0.349
0.466
0.6913
1.2525
1.375
O:A = 1:3, 3-stages
Mn =1.4 kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.31. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart32
50.39001.518.37023.795.18
84.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.17
92.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.11
99.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.48
1005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.86
1006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.02
10026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.44
10059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.44
10088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.86
10096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100
% Fe pptd.
%Ni pptd.
%Co pptd.
%Cr pptd.
%Al pptd.
%Mn, pptd.
%Zn pptd.
%Cu pptd.
pH of solution
% Precipitation
Chart33
8
9.29
51.04
68.83
71.82
%Mn extd.
EquilibriumpH
% Mn extraction
Fig.33. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.25 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart34
-0.9897
0.018
0.344
0.4063
Log DMn
Equilibrium pH
LogDMn
Fig.34.Plot of Log DMn Vs. equilibrium pH.
Chart35
6.110
5.990.142
22.43
61.12
87.29
93.6
%Mn extracted
[Extractant], M
%Mn extraction
Fig.35. Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.
Chart36
03.639.279.9525.806.3999.894793.83
0.03270.1423.9692.2912.3927.810.08187.0199.9881.1399.11
0.0409
0.0545
0.08
0.142
O:A = 1:0.85, 2-stages
Mn = 0.1636 kg/m3
O:A = 2:1, 2-stages
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
2.94
5.05
8.11
25.13
5.91
99.88
18.04
78.66
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
Fig.36. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.04 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart37
7.8
33.57
88.87
99.43
99.68
99.68
%Mnstripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Mn stripping
Fig.37.Stripping of Mn-LO with H2SO4.
Chart38
Chart38
1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025
0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007
0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998
0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971
0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904
00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287
00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083
00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012
00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56
00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957
[Fe], kg/m3
[Ni], kg/m3
[Co], kg/m3
[Cr], kg/m3
[Al], kg/m3
[Mn], kg/m3
[Zn], kg/m3
pH of solution
[Metal], kg/m3
Fig.59. Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.
Chart39
0.0159001.41571.41570.15
0.01951.41571.41571.41570.150.15
0.0264
0.0349
0.0264
0.1566
0.3095
0.5738
0.8881
1.1481
1.5233
O:A = 9:1, 2-stages
[Mn] = 0.1573 kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
[Mn]Org., kg/m3
[Mn]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.39.McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart40
0
0
0
6.3
42.82
48.7
56.54
59.07
60.72
62.96
67.79
68.08
74.15
%Co extd.
Equilibrium pH
%Co extraction
Fig.40. Effect of eqilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt with 0.005 M NaCyanex 272.
Chart41
0.1593
0.1891
0.2303
0.323
0.329
0.4576
0.005M Cyanex 272
Log DCo
Equilibrium pH
Log DCo
Fig.41. Plot of Log DCo vs. equilibrium pH in extraction of Cobalt.
y = 1.5531x - 10.753R2 = 0.8747
Chart42
53.36
61.48
72.56
86.34
90.75
%Co extraction
[NaCyanex 272], M
%Co extraction
Fig.42.Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt.
Chart43
0.0033000.016980.016980.00080.0008
0.00420.016980.016980.016980.00080.00080.0008
0.0055
0.0081
0.0149
0.0169
[Co]Aq.= 0.1698 kg/m3
O:A = 1:1, 2-stages
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq.,kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
Fig.43.McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt using 0.0125M Cyanex 272.
Chart44
0.0056
0.0187
0.02
0.0201
0.0201
0.02
0.02
0.5 - 2.0 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[CoSO4], kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.44.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at 1:1 phase ratio.
Chart45
0.1258
0.184
0.2
0.2
0.2005
7.5 - 17.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[CoSO4 solution], kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.45. Scrubbing off Ni from Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A ratio of 10:1.
Chart46
26.53
68.05
88.67
95.5
100
100
100
100
100
1 - 25 kg/m3 H2SO4
%Co stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Co stripping
Fig.46.Stripping of Co-LO with H2SO4.
Chart47
0.37200991.55
0.7449991.551.55
1.484
2.964
4.4108
5.96
7.0313
8.0125
9.2
O:A = 12:1, 2-stages
[Co]LO : 0.75 kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.47. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 60 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Chart48
17.95
59.02
61.8
65.72
75.72
99.84
99.92
99.92
0.2 - 2.0 N Oxalic Acid
%Co stripped
[Oxalic Acid], N
%Co stripping
Fig.48. Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic acid.
Chart49
0.248003330.39
0.371333330.390.39
0.7463
1.4975
2.195
2.7475
3.1163
O:A = 4:1, 2-Stages
[Co]LO = 0.75 kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
[Co]Org., kg/m3
[Co]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.49. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic acid.
Chart50
24.59
60.37
66.76
72.72
74.31
75.06
77.56
77.83
78.23
78.3
79.55
80.37
%Ni extn.
Equilibrium pH
% Ni extraction
Fig.50. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.
Chart51
-0.487
0.1827
0.303
0.426
0.461
0.478
0.538
0.545
0.555
0.557
0.59
0.612
Dni
Equilibrium pH
Log DNi
Fig.51. Plot of equilibrium pH versus Log DNi.
Chart52
1.25
17.9
60.92
92.5
98.65
99.12
%Ni extd.
[NaD2EHPA], M
%Ni extraction
Fig.52 Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Ni.
Chart53
-1.8996
-0.661
0.193
1.091
1.865
2.052
Log Dni
Log[Extractant]
Log DNi
Fig.53. Plot of Log DNi Vs. Log[Extractant].
Chart54
0.166200.640.640.640.12
0.24920.6400.640.120.12
0.4972
0.7045
[Ni]Aq.,0.5013 kg/m3
O:A = 4:5, 2-stages
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
Fig.54. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Ni with 0.12 M NaD2EHPA.
Chart 38
0.0401
0.059
0.0799
0.1
0.1026
0.1063
0.1078
0.1151
0.1256
O:A = 2:1 to 10:1
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
O:A ratio
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.55.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with 7.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.
Chart57
8.82
29.65
69.25
75.58
96.36
99.34
99.34
99.34
0.5 - 20 kg/m3 H2SO4
%Ni stripping
[H2SO4], kg/m3
%Ni stripping
Fig.55. Stripping of Ni-LO with H2SO4.
Chart58
0.75006.046.046.041.1
0.37386.046.046.041.11.11.1
1.5075
3.0188
4.4469
5.3469
6.1031
[Ni]LO = 0.755 kg/m3
O:A = 8:1, 2-stages
[Ni]Aq., k/m3
[Ni]Org., kg/m3
[Ni]Aq., kg/m3
Fig.58. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Ni-LO with 20 kg/m3 H2SO4.
Sheet1
Precipitation of Fe(III) with CaCO3[Fe(III)] in solution =2.041 kg/m3
pH of Soln.
pH of Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3%Fe pptd.
2.261.511925.922.26
2.561.486327.182.56
2.730.157392.292.73
3.530.0204993.53
3.810.008499.593.81
4.30.00299.94.3
5.810.000199.9955.81
6.30.0000171006.3
6.4701006.47
6.8201006.82
7.0701007.07
Precipitation of Al 3+ with CaCO3{Al(III)] in solution=1.7328 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Al(III)], kg/m3% Al pptd.
2.261.3323.25
2.561.326723.44
2.731.323523.62
3.531.321923.71
3.810.710259.01
4.30.097694.37
5.810.003799.79
6.30.004499.75
6.470.002299.87
6.820.002199.88
7.070.001699.91
Precipitation of Cr(III) with CaCO3[Cr(III)] in solution= 0.2655 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Cr(III)],kg/m3%Cr(III) pptd.
2.260.29270
2.560.28751.78
2.730.247615.41
3.530.205629.76
3.810.129155.89
4.30.058480.05
5.810.050782.68
6.30.046384.18
6.470.029190.06
6.820.02392.14
7.070.01495.22
Precipitation of Ni(II) with CaCO3 from nickel; laterite bacterial leach liquor[Ni] in leach liquor=0.5116
pH Soln.[Ni(II)], kg/m3% Ni(II) pptd.
2.260.56860
2.560.56860
2.730.56860
3.530.56860
3.810.56860
4.30.54853.53
5.810.478915.78
6.30.374634.12
6.470.323943.04
6.820.220661.2
7.070.097982.78
Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Co(II)] in solution=0.1763 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Co(II)],kg/m3%Co(II)pptd.
2.260.1610
2.560.1610
2.730.1610
3.530.1610
3.810.1544.35
4.30.1488.07
5.810.137714.47
6.30.11429.19
6.470.137.89
6.820.07553.42
7.070.033879.01
Precipitation of Zn(II) from nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Zn(II)] in solution=0.0582
pH Soln.[Zn(II)], kg/m3%Zn(II)pptd.
2.260.05820
2.560.05820
2.730.05890
3.530.05820
3.810.05830
4.30.05820
5.810.05476.01
6.30.020864.26
6.470.002595.7
6.820.00198.28
7.070.000399.48
Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.[Mn(II)] in solution =0.9006 kg/m3
pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3% Mn pptd.
2.260.90060
2.560.90060
2.730.90060
3.530.90060
3.810.90040.02
4.30.90040.02
5.810.87063.33
6.30.84196.52
6.470.7714.5
6.820.722.27
7.070.64728.16
Percentage precipitation of Fe, Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Mnon treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.%Fe pptd.% Al pptd.%Cr(III) pptd.% Ni(II) pptd.%Co(II)pptd.%Zn(II)pptd.% Mn pptd.
2.2625.9223.2500000
2.5627.1823.441.780000
2.7392.2923.6215.410000
3.539923.7129.760000
3.8199.5959.0155.8904.3500.02
4.399.994.3780.053.538.0700.02
5.8199.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33
6.310099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52
6.4710099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5
6.8210099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27
7.0710099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16
Concentration of metal ions in nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor after treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Mn(II)], kg/m3
2.261.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006
2.561.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006
2.730.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006
3.530.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006
3.810.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004
4.30.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004
5.810.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706
6.30.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419
6.4700.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77
6.8200.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7
7.0700.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647
Precipitation of Metal Ions from CaCO3 precipitated Solution with 10% lime slurry with10% lime slurryFirst Batch of Leach Liquor
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.60.90050.50990.13740.047880.031090.0018930.015130.002471
4.920.89450.50740.13580.047010.031090.0000250.00072190.002227
5.230.87750.50360.13490.046190.0306200.0050610.002018
5.510.8750.50290.13410.04510.0305500.0032660.001848
6.180.8530.50020.13290.04390.0301600.0018720.001064
6.40.850.4980.13150.043310.0300300.0015280.000805
70.8470.490.13130.041560.0295400.0013750.000312
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with NaOH
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.580.8830.510.13990.048580.032740.0019520.002742
50.880.50920.13970.047010.032630.0015560.0063020.002587
5.760.8630.50840.13580.046190.032230.0006250.0011840.001866
6.060.8540.50680.13440.045770.032160.0003840.00084030.001354
6.330.85350.48750.13310.044870.032060.0000580.0007830.000937
6.740.850.48820.13180.043730.031940.0000150.00070660.000563
70.8470.4880.13030.042760.0297900.00063020.000338
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with MgO (higher pH)
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
5.010.86550.44920.16120.050430.32810.0006120.00750.00217
6.160.84450.44850.15620.050360.32510.0002930.002140.00128
6.940.83730.43620.15140.044890.32770.0000460.001660.00584
7.50.80150.42250.15010.025460.32220.0000270.001620.00014
7.90.79150.3450.112800.029530.0000240.001260.000064
8.340.61750.05470.0053800.008460.0000210.001010.00006
90.08840.000420.0001300.000740.0000180.000860.000053
Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3precipitated solution with Na2S
pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.430.950.45140.16130.0480.03610.002050.02380.00184
4.840.9430.44430.15250.04790.035140.000360.01070.000097
5.710.9240.4440.15140.04510.034230.000060.002290
60.9160.44250.14790.04330.034120.000050.00216
6.420.91050.4250.14120.04110.03380.0000480.0020
6.740.90.4150.13530.03830.03270.000040.00160
70.88150.410.1340.03630.032
Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH)
pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3
4.720.86550.47320.16170.047710.021680.0003670.022960.00037
5.970.85050.45610.15820.035690.02090.000090.002990.000025
6.460.8440.43990.15110.027160.019250.0000850.0021390.000024
6.950.8340.42120.14610.016690.01850.0000780.001760.000022
7.50.7710.39210.10350.013230.01810.0000540.001410.00002
8.750.194500.000120.00010.000420.000040.0011650.000018
Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry
pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3
2.171.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391
2.351.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382
2.541.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405
3.110.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241
3.480.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064
4.460.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333
5.330.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066
5.760.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074
7.030.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072
7.250.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007
Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with 10% lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment
pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3
5.010.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266
6.330.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222
6.810.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012
7.130.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802
8.340.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592
90.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325
100.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172
% Pecipitation of metal ions from ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment
pH%Fe pptn.%Mn pptn.%Cu pptn.%Ni pptn.%Co pptn.%Zn pptn.%Cr pptn.%Al pptn.
2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated leach Liquor with MgO (at higher pH)
pH%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.% Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Al pptd.
5.0112.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46
6.1614.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84
6.9415.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88
7.518.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88
7.919.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91
8.3437.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93
991.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94
Percentage precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using lime slurry
Equil.% Fe%Mn%Cu%Ni%Co%Zn%Cr%Al
pHpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.
2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600
2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54
2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60
3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69
3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39
4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06
5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51
5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47
7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48
7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5
% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated Leach Liquor with MgO
pH of Soln.%Mn, pptd.%Ni,%Co, pptd.% Zn,% Cr,
pptd.pptd.pptd.
4.855.682.67.734.8987.76
5.6212.025.148.2239.5187.83
5.8213.545.419.1340.587.87
6.0314.76.1610.2140.587.87
6.4216.127.5114.5846.687.95
6.8616.687.8414.8647.0987.98
7.0816.788.1715.3750.0687.98
Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO
pH of Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)],[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)],[Cr(III)],[Al(III)], kg/m3
kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3
4.850.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302
5.620.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241
5.820.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193
6.030.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166
6.420.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153
6.860.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136
7.080.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122
Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at h