to the viewer. The task for the subjects in the experiment consisted oflistening to an audio, as opposed to video, recording of custodialinterrogation, evaluating the voluntariness and truthfulness of theconfession made by the suspect during the interrogation, anddetermining the ultimate guilt of the suspect. While instructing thesubjects about the experimental task, a still photo showing a typicalinterrogation room as an example was used to manipulate thesuggestion (independent variable): no visual illustration of custodialinterrogation for the subjects in the No Suggestion condition; a stillphoto showing the full frontal view of the suspect for the subjects inthe Suspect-Focused Suggestion condition; a still photo showing thefull frontal view of the interrogator for the subjects in theInterrogator-Focused Suggestion condition; and a still photo showingthe profiles of a suspect and an interrogator sitting face to face for thesubjects in the Equally-Focused Suggestion condition. After theinstructions were given to the subjects, the still photo was removedfrom the visual field of the subjects. And the subjects in all conditionslistened to an audio recording of a custodial interrogation. At the endof the audio recording which contained the suspect's confession, thesubjects rated voluntariness and truthfulness of the confession andthe guilt of the suspect in the audio recording. As predicted, theresults provided support for the hypothesis that a subtle suggestionconveyed by a still photo affects the judgments regarding thevoluntariness and veracity of the confession and the determinationof the suspect's guilt.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.197

The adaptive biotechnical system for flying vehicles withbiofeedback technique

S.N. Filipenkov, A.M. Klochlov, A.L. EvstigneevGromov Flight Research Institute (FRI), 140182, Zhukovsky 2, LII, Russia

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of the adaptive biotechnicalsystem developed for flying laboratories in the static flight simulator(SFS) and in the on-ground dynamic flight simulator (DFS). Toidentify the EEG indicators of the pilot's fatigue during simulation ofmaneuverable piloting tasks.

Methods: The 15 volunteers (14 male test-subjects between 35and 45 years of age and 1 experienced test pilot, 40 years of age)simulated flight maneuvers and tracing operations. Bipolar EEGsignals (F3, F4, C3, C4, O1, and O2) were recorded in man-rated testswith special devices during 20–40 min sessions in SFS and in the DFSduring 70 s profiles with rapid onset of G loads (1…2 G/s). The profileof the maneuver simulation includes the shooting stages at +2Gz(20 s), +5Gz (20 s), and +9 Gz (20 s). Before and after test runs, EEGwas recorded according to the international 10/20 system. FastFourier transform analysis was carried out every 20 s for all EEGsignals during flight simulation. The spectra were divided into δ (0.5–4 Hz), θ (4–8 Hz), α (8–13 Hz) β (13–30 Hz). It was impossible toanalyze γ-band and high-frequency EEG, because our experimentaldevice has two filters (40 and 50 Hz).

Results: The EEG pattern of gravitational stress was characterizedby high δ and θ activity and low α and β activity over frontal andoccipital sites both in static and in dynamic flight simulation. Powerof α-rhythm and α/β ratio were relatively increased only duringvisual guidance of shooting motor behavior both on SFS and DFS. TheDFS training has a negative correlation between the α-index and thequality of sensorimotor tracing, including impairments of coordina-tion and disintegration of mental/physical performance in a shootingtask and during dynamic object control at +5 Gz+9 Gz loads. Weobserved no differences in EEG between the expert and the 14novice test-subjects. Supplementary studies on the base of DFS are

necessary to eliminate the component of workload associated withthe gravitational stress on the experienced pilots over the age of 40.

Conclusions: The results of our study show that the bio-technicalsystem with biofeedback on the base of active electrodes is the bestsolution for EEG recording in dynamic maneuver simulations. The δ, θand α frequency bands of EEG are sensitive both to piloting G-loadsand to the influence of mental workload of shooting in SFS and in DFStests. The EEG frequency bands 1–13 Hz may provide a measure ofthe pilot's mental workload. However, the level of expertise does notimpact the EEG-pattern in dynamic flight simulation with high G-loads.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.198

Processing of monetary reward and non-reward in a differentialconditioning paradigm

Markus Winklera, Ronald F. Muchaa, Bastian Stippekohlb,Rudolf Starkb, Paul Pauliaa Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Department of Psychology I,Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Wuerzburg, Germanyb Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging,Giessen, Germany

Primary and secondary rewards possess the capacity to activate asequence of responses that may adaptively act together to produce adesired outcome. Current conditioning studies generally focus onconditioned responding to reward-paired stimuli. Althoughof theoret-ical significance, the processing of stimuli paired with non-reward isoften neglected. According to several theories, these stimuli may havea significant impact on an organism, which under certain circum-stances, may manifest itself in the form of interfering or opposingresponse tendencies. To test this, we conducted a study with 28participants using an instrumental conditioning paradigm with twoblocks of conditioning. Three abstract pictures were used as CSs andmonetary reward as UCS. To receive the reward in the reinforced trials,the participants had to work on a fixed-ratio schedule of five buttonpresses. Skin conductance responses were recorded during condition-ing. All three CSs were rated regarding valence, arousal and rewardexpectancy before the start of the experiment and after each block ofconditioning. In the first conditioning block, two stimuli wererandomly selected as CS+ vs. CS−. In the second block, theconditioning of the former non-rewarded and now rewarded CS−was compared to the conditioning of the third stimulus. The resultsshowed that after the first block of conditioning, the CS−was rated asmore negative than the CS+. Furthermore the CS− also evoked morenegative affect than at the start of the experiment. The expectancy ofreward was also reduced compared to both other stimuli. Moreover,the CS− evoked lower skin conductance responses and a lowerresponse rate during the first block of conditioning. After the secondconditioning block there were no differences between the stimuliregarding valence, although the former CS− elicited a lowerexpectancy to gain the reward than the former neutral stimulus.Although response rates did not differ during the second blockof conditioning, there were some indications that the developmentof skin conductance responses was retarded in the case of the formerCS−. Overall, these data are in line with the notion that stimuli pairedwith non-reward may acquire the ability to elicit their own kind ofreactivity. A stronger focus on these stimuli may help to elucidate themechanism underlying stimulus-evoked responding and its functionalorganization, and may be useful to gain a better understanding ofpathological states like addictive disorders in which the processing ofreward and reward-related stimuli probably has gone astray.

303Abstracts / International Journal of Psychophysiology 77 (2010) 288–342

Supported by DFG-Research-Group “Emotion and behavior:Reflective and impulsive processes” (FOR 605).

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.199

Neural substrates of conceptual implicit memory

Jason C.W. Chena,b, Wen Lica Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,WI, USAb Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwanc Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,WI, USA

Neural substrates of conceptual implicit memory have not beenwellunderstood. A particular challenge in this research is to isolateconceptual implicit memory from various other forms of memory thatoften co-occur. To that end, we presented words below consciousawareness to prevent explicit memory and employed cross-modalpresentation from study to test to exclude perceptual memory, in orderto identify relatively pure correlates of conceptual implicit memory. Asillustrated in Fig. 1A and B we applied a paradigm from our previousstudy (Chen, Li, Lui, and Paller, 2009), wherein participants viewedsubliminal words followed by a three-alternative-forced-choice cate-gory decision and visual awareness check during the study phase. Attest, participants heard studied and new words and verified whetherthey belonged to a given category. We found that ERP correlates ofconceptual implicit memory are manifested as the left-frontal negativ-ities at 600–800 ms (Fig. 1C). These findings replicate the mainconclusion from the seminal work by Chen, Li et al. (2009), confirmingleft-frontal negativities as neural correlates of conceptual implicitmemory. Moreover, response bias during test isminimized in this study.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.200

Neurophysiologic evidence of beneficial effects of prenatalomega-3 fatty acids intake on visual recognition memory atschool age

Olivier Bouchera,b, Matthew J. Burdenc, Gina Mucklea,b,Dave Saint-Amourd,e, Pierre Ayotteb, Eric Dewaillyb,Charles A. Nelsonf, Sandra W. Jacobsonc, Joseph L. Jacobsonc

a École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canadab Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec,Québec, Canada

c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne StateUniversity School of Medicine, Detroit MI, USAd Centre de recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canadae Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal,Montréal, Canadaf Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA

Background: The beneficial effects of early intake of omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on mental developmentduring infancy are well recognised. However, few studies haveexamined the extent to which these benefits continue to be evidentin childhood. Objective: To examine the relationship of prenatal n-3PUFA status to visual recognition memory in a sample of school-agedchildren from a fish-eating community using event-related potentials(ERPs). Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study of Inuit childrenfrom Arctic Québec, the children (N=154; mean age=11.3 years)were assessed on a computer-based continuous recognition memorytask. Concrete and abstract pictures were successively presented onthe screen. The child was asked to press buttons indicating whetherthe stimulus was presented for the first time (New) or not (Old). TwoERP components were identified: FN400 (300–500 ms) and a latepositive component (LPC; 500–800 ms). Results: Repeated measuresmultivariate analyses of variance revealed that higher n-3 PUFA levelsin cord plasma were associated with shorter latency of the FN400component and larger amplitude of the LPC after statistical controlfor confounders. There was no interaction effect between n-3 PUFAsand task condition (Old vs. New). Conclusions: This study providesneurophysiologic evidence for long-term benefits of early n-3 PUFAsintake on memory processing at school age. The results suggest thathigher prenatal n-3 PUFA intake is associated with more rapidjudgement of familiarity and with increased brain activity duringrecollection of visual information in memory.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.201

Effects of load on working memory components ofP300 amplitude

J. Bernal, M.A. Hernández-Balderas, M. Rodríguez, J. Silva-Pereyra,G. Yáñez, J. Zavala, G. Rangel, B. Prieto, H. Romero, L. Luviano,V. Guerrero, E. MarosiNeurosciences Project, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Mexico

Working Memory (WM) is a limited capacity executive functionthat is essential for activities like reading, mental calculation,language comprehension, etc. Differences in WM capacity have beenreported to explain individual differences in performance of tasksthat involve those activities described above. Dual-tasks are em-ployed to study WM load capacity apart from the subsystems of WM.Typical results in dual-tasks involve an increase in number of errorswhen an upload is applied. Studies of cerebral activity with event-related potentials (ERPs) have used dual-task designs that either load,unspecifically, some component of the WM, or instead, focused in onespecific component of WM, either the central executive (CE), thephonological loop (PL) or visuospatial scratch-pad (VSP).

The objective of this work was to study the load effects on PLand VSP over the CE of WM in ten college students between 18 and30 years of age.

ERPs were recorded during a visual Go–NoGo task (low atten-tional requirement) and, in order to measure the CE capacity, weemployed a visual Go–Go task (high attentional requirement). Tostudy load effects on the PL over the EC, we designed a dual-task, onethat only demands attentional resources (Go–NoGo task) and another

304 Abstracts / International Journal of Psychophysiology 77 (2010) 288–342