process for drying water

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Process for drying water-wet methyl chloride Abstract A process for recovering substantially dry methyl chloride from a stream of wet methyl chloride by distilling the wet methyl chloride in the presence of at least 10 molar % hydrogen chloride based on the hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride and water being distilled. The distillation is carried out under super atmospheric pressure and a temperature to produce an aqueous hydrochloric acid of less than 36 wt %, and preferably under such super atmospheric pressure and sufficient temperature to produce an azeotropic hydrochloric acid containing a low concentration of hydrogen chloride. Increasing pressures allows increasing temperatures in the bottoms which form azeotropes of lower concentration hydrochloric acid. The resulting overhead of such a distillation, methyl chloride-hydrogen chloride, will contain less than about 400 molar ppm water. When the distillation is carried out in the presence of about 12 to 25 molar % hydrogen chloride, the overhead will contain between about 100 to 400 molar ppm water. Invento rs: Steele; John M. (Lake Jackson, TX), Nino; Guillermo J. (Houston, TX), Hanak; Fredric M. (Lake Jackson, TX) Assigne e: The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI) Appl. No.: 05/486,539 Filed: July 8, 1974 Current U.S. Class: 203/14 ; 203/34; 203/50; 570/262 Current International Class: C07C 17/38 (20060101); C07C 17/00 (20060101); B01D 003/36 () Field of Search: 203/12,14,34,50 260/654S,657 References Cited U.S. Patent Documents 2308170 January 1943 Green et al. 3499941 March 1970 Givens et al.

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Process for drying water-wet methyl chloride

AbstractA process for recovering substantially dry methyl chloride from a stream of wet methyl chloride by distilling the wet methyl chloride in the presence of at least 10 molar % hydrogen chloride based on the hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride and water being distilled. The distillation is carried out under super atmospheric pressure and a temperature to produce an aqueous hydrochloric acid of less than 36 wt %, and preferably under such super atmospheric pressure and sufficient temperature to produce an azeotropic hydrochloric acid containing a low concentration of hydrogen chloride. Increasing pressures allows increasing temperatures in the bottoms which form azeotropes of lower concentration hydrochloric acid. The resulting overhead of such a distillation, methyl chloride-hydrogen chloride, will contain less than about 400 molar ppm water. When the distillation is carried out in the presence of about 12 to 25 molar % hydrogen chloride, the overhead will contain between about 100 to 400 molar ppm water.

Inventors:Steele; John M.(Lake Jackson, TX), Nino; Guillermo J.(Houston, TX), Hanak; Fredric M.(Lake Jackson, TX)

Assignee:The Dow Chemical Company(Midland, MI)

Appl. No.:05/486,539

Filed:July 8, 1974

Current U.S. Class:203/14; 203/34; 203/50; 570/262

Current International Class:C07C 17/38(20060101); C07C 17/00(20060101); B01D 003/36()

Field of Search:203/12,14,34,50 260/654S,657

References Cited

U.S. Patent Documents

2308170January 1943Green et al.

3499941March 1970Givens et al.

Primary Examiner:Sever; FrankAttorney, Agent or Firm:Baker; G. R. Ancona; A. C.

Claims

We claim:

1. A method for drying water-wet methyl chloride which comprises distilling the water-wet methyl chloride in the presence of at least 10 molar % hydrogen chloride based on the total weight of acid, water and methyl chloride, as the sole dehydrating agent, under a superatmospheric pressure and a reflux ratio of from about 1.3 to about 4 and a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about the azeotrope boiling point under the pressure of said distillation thereby to produce a bottoms from said distillation of not more than about 36% aqueous hydrochloric acid and an overhead of methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride containing less than about 400 molar ppm water.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said molar quantity of HCl is at least 15% and the reflux ratio is at least 2.0.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said molar quantity of HCl is at least 12% and the reflux ratio is at least 1.99.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said molar quantity of HCl is at least 19% and the reflux ratio is at least 1.79.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said molar quantity of HCl is at least 20% and the reflux ratio is at least 1.36.

6. A method for reducing the water content of methyl chloride wet with water which comprises distilling the methyl chloride, as the sole dehydrating agent, and its attendant water in the presence of at least 10 molar percent hydrogen chloride under a pressure and a reflux ratio to produce a bottoms of not more than 36 percent aqueous hydrochloric acid, thereby removing overhead a methyl chloride containing less than about 400 molar ppm of water.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The production of methyl chloride (CH.sub.3 Cl) by the reaction of methanol and hydrogen chloride is well known. However, some difficulty has been encountered in the recovery and purification of the methyl chloride from the reaction mixture. For example, simple distillation of the reaction mixture has resulted in loss of product through reversibility of the reaction under the conditions of the distillation. In addition, the water and methyl chloride form an azeotrope which is difficult to break. To overcome these problems, the art has resorted to sulfuric acid drying of the distilled product, a process which requires large quantities of the sulfuric acid which is either discarded or dried itself and freed of organics prior to reuse.

It would thus be advantageous to have a process for drying which would not favor the reversible reaction and which would result in a useable by-product and not introduce chemicals foreign to the overall system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, methyl chloride is obtained substantially dry (i.e. less than about 400 molar parts of water per million parts of methyl chloride) by carrying out a distillation of the wet methyl chloride in the presence of at least ten (10) molar percent hydrogen chloride based on the methyl chloride, water and any other components of the mixture to be distilled. The distillation is carried out under super atmospheric pressure and a temperature to produce an aqueous hydrochloric acid of less than 36 wt %, and preferably under such super atmospheric pressure and sufficient temperature to produce an azeotropic hydrochloric acid containing a low concentration of hydrogen chloride. Increasing pressures allows increasing temperatures in the bottoms which form azeotropes of lower concentration hydrochloric acid.

The variables which may be adjusted to provide a lower water content of the methyl chloride and/or a higher or lower acid concentration are the molar percent hydrogen chloride, the reflux ratio, the number of trays (theoretical), the pressure and/or temperature. These variables are compensatory of each other within the general principles of distillation.

The process of the present invention is useful to dry methyl chloride whether the wetness be from a physical contacting or chemical reaction resulting in the co-mingling of the methyl chloride with water. For example, methyl chloride produced by the hydrochlorination of methanol is as readily dried as methyl chloride physically mixed with water as a result of a treatment of a material in the presence of water and methyl chloride.

The process is preferably carried out under superatmospheric pressure from about 100 psig to about 300 psig. Employing temperatures at which the azeotrope of aqueous hydrochloric acid boils for such pressure are preferable, although lower temperatures are useful if a high acid concentration is desired. Reflux ratios of between about 1.3 and 4.0 are desirable to obtain efficient use of the hydrogen chloride. Conveniently, the theroretical number of plates in the rectifier or column can vary from about 10 to about 150.

The introduction of hydrogen chloride into the system to obtain the desired distillation conditions is generally made at the still but may be present in the feed as a result of employing an excess over stoichiometric proportions in a reaction, for example in which methyl chloride is produced, or present as a by-product of a process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

EXAMPLE 1

Methanol (2.903 lb. mole) was reacted with 39.7% molar excess above stoichiometric of hydrogen chloride at 166.degree. C. The resulting effluent, methyl chloride, water and unreacted hydrogen chloride, was fed to a 51/2 inch I.D. .times. 50 ft. high distillation column packed with 1/2 inch "Intalox" saddles. The still was operated at 250 psig, 210.degree. C. reboiler with a reflux condenser at 64.degree. C. The molar reflux was set at 2.04. The gaseous product was analyzed for water and found to contain less than 200 ppm water. The still bottoms was 9.95% aqueous hydrochloric acid.

EXAMPLE 2

The following table reports the results obtained by distilling a feed mixture of methyl chloride, water and hydrogen chloride under the indicated conditions in a similar still as described in Example 1 under the pressure conditions set forth. The amount of hydrogen chloride indicated in the table is based on the hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride and water in the feed to the distillation section. Most runs were made without measuring the reboiler liquid temperature, thus, the temperature was not controlled to produce the azeotropic boiling point temperature at the indicated pressure. The temperature of the reboiler was below the azeotropic boiling point yielding a higher acid content than would be obtained if the azeotrope boiling point had been achieved.

__________________________________________________________________________ Feed to Still Overhead Bottoms Still HCl MeCl H.sub.2 O MeCl HCl H.sub.2 O Aqueous HCl Reflux Pressure Mole % Mole % Mole % Mole % Mole % Mole ppm. Wt. % Ratio Psig. __________________________________________________________________________ 21.5 39.2 39.2 68.0 32.0 200 13.19 1.83 252 21.1 39.4 39.4 68.0 32.0 180 11.51 1.79 254 21.2 39.4 39.4 67.9 32.1 160 11.59 1.79 254 16.6 41.7 41.7 75.0 25.0 210 11.46 2.14 251 16.6 41.7 41.7 75.0 25.0 220 11.52 2.09 251 13.6 43.2 43.2 80.0 20.0 190 12.02 2.06 249 14.3 42.8 42.8 78.9 21.1 170 11.70 1.99 249 20.6 39.7 39.7 69.3 30.7 210 14.92 2.29 120 20.3 39.9 39.9 69.3 30.7 230 14.42 2.34 120 20.4 39.8 39.8 69.7 30.3 220 13.96 1.36 150 19.7 40.1 40.1 71.6 28.4 390 16.37 1.48 150 19.6 40.2 40.2 75.0 25.0 118 24.5 3.58 120 19.7 40.2 40.2 75.0 25.0 122 25.1 3.62 120Sebuah proses untuk memulihkan metil klorida substansial kering dari aliran basah metil klorida dengan penyulingan metil klorida basah di hadapan sedikitnya 10% molar hidrogen klorida berdasarkan hidrogen klorida, metil klorida dan air yang disuling. Distilasi dilakukan di bawah tekanan atmosfer yang super dan suhu untuk menghasilkan asam klorida encer kurang dari 36% berat, dan sebaiknya di bawah tekanan atmosfer seperti Super dan suhu yang cukup untuk menghasilkan asam klorida azeotropik yang mengandung konsentrasi rendah hidrogen klorida. Peningkatan tekanan memungkinkan peningkatan suhu di bagian bawah yang membentuk azeotrop konsentrasi rendah asam klorida. Biaya overhead yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan tersebut, metil klorida-hidrogen klorida, akan mengandung kurang dari sekitar 400 ppm air molar. Ketika distilasi dilakukan di hadapan sekitar 12 sampai 25% molar hidrogen klorida, biaya overhead akan berisi antara sekitar 100-400 ppm air molar. ________________________________________ Penemu: Steele; John M. (Lake Jackson, TX), Nino; Guillermo J. (Houston, TX), Hanak; Fredric M. (Lake Jackson, TX) Penerima: The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI) Appl. No .: 05/486539 Filed: 8 Juli 1974 ________________________________________ ________________________________________ AS saat ini Kelas: 203/14; 203/34; 203/50; 570/262 Saat Kelas Internasional: C07C 17/38 (20060101); C07C 17/00 (20060101); B01D 003/36 () Bidang Cari: 203 / 12,14,34,50 260 / 654S, 657 ________________________________________ Referensi Dikutip ________________________________________ Dokumen Paten AS

2308170 Januari 1943 Hijau et al. 3499941 Maret 1970 Givens et al.

Pemeriksa utama: Sever; Jujur Jaksa, Agen atau Kantor: Baker; G. R. Ancona; A. C. ________________________________________ Klaim ________________________________________

Kami mengklaim:

1. Sebuah metode untuk mengeringkan air basah metil klorida yang terdiri penyulingan air basah metil klorida dengan adanya minimal 10% molar hidrogen klorida berdasarkan berat total asam, air dan metil klorida, sebagai agen dehidrasi tunggal, di bawah tekanan superatmosfir dan rasio refluks dari sekitar 1,3 sampai 4 dan suhu dari 100.degree. C sampai titik azeotrop didih di bawah tekanan mengatakan distilasi sehingga untuk menghasilkan dasar dari kata distilasi tidak lebih dari sekitar 36% asam klorida encer dan overhead metil klorida dan hidrogen klorida yang mengandung kurang dari sekitar 400 ppm air molar.

2. Metode klaim 1 dimana kata kuantitas molar HCl setidaknya 15% dan rasio refluks setidaknya 2.0.

3. Metode klaim 1 dimana kata kuantitas molar HCl setidaknya 12% dan rasio refluks setidaknya 1,99.

4. Metode klaim 1 dimana kata kuantitas molar HCl setidaknya 19% dan rasio refluks setidaknya 1,79.

5. Metode klaim 1 dimana kata kuantitas molar HCl setidaknya 20% dan rasio refluks setidaknya 1,36.

6. Sebuah metode untuk mengurangi kadar air metil klorida basah dengan air yang terdiri dari penyulingan metil klorida, sebagai agen tunggal dehidrasi, dan air yang menyertainya di hadapan sedikitnya 10 persen molar hidrogen klorida di bawah tekanan dan rasio refluks untuk menghasilkan dasar tidak lebih dari 36 persen asam klorida encer, sehingga menghapus biaya overhead metil klorida yang mengandung kurang dari sekitar 400 ppm molar air. ________________________________________ Deskripsi ________________________________________

Latar Belakang Penemuan

Produksi metil klorida (Cl CH3) oleh reaksi metanol dan hidrogen klorida baik diketahui. Namun, beberapa kesulitan telah ditemui dalam pemulihan dan pemurnian metil klorida dari campuran reaksi. Sebagai contoh, distilasi sederhana dari campuran reaksi telah mengakibatkan hilangnya produk melalui reversibilitas reaksi di bawah kondisi distilasi. Selain itu, air dan metil klorida membentuk azeotrop yang sulit untuk istirahat. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, seni telah terpaksa untuk pengeringan asam sulfat dari produk suling, sebuah proses yang membutuhkan jumlah besar dari asam sulfat yang baik dibuang atau kering sendiri dan dibebaskan dari organik sebelum digunakan kembali.

Dengan demikian akan menguntungkan untuk memiliki proses pengeringan yang tidak akan mendukung reaksi reversibel dan yang akan menghasilkan produk sampingan yang bisa digunakan dan tidak memperkenalkan bahan kimia asing ke sistem secara keseluruhan.

Uraian Singkat Penemuan

Sesuai dengan penemuan ini, metil klorida diperoleh secara substansial kering (yaitu kurang dari sekitar 400 bagian molar air per juta bagian metil klorida) dengan melakukan penyulingan dari metil klorida basah di hadapan sedikitnya sepuluh (10) molar persen hidrogen klorida berdasarkan metil klorida, air dan komponen lain dari campuran yang akan disuling. Distilasi dilakukan di bawah tekanan atmosfer yang super dan suhu untuk menghasilkan asam klorida encer kurang dari 36% berat, dan sebaiknya di bawah tekanan atmosfer seperti Super dan suhu yang cukup untuk menghasilkan asam klorida azeotropik yang mengandung konsentrasi rendah hidrogen klorida. Peningkatan tekanan memungkinkan peningkatan suhu di bagian bawah yang membentuk azeotrop konsentrasi rendah asam klorida.

Variabel yang dapat disesuaikan untuk memberikan kadar air yang lebih rendah dari metil klorida dan / atau konsentrasi asam yang lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah adalah molar persen hidrogen klorida, rasio refluks, jumlah nampan (teoritis), tekanan dan / atau temperatur . Variabel ini kompensasi dari satu sama lain dalam prinsip-prinsip umum distilasi.

Proses penemuan ini berguna untuk mengeringkan metil klorida apakah kebasahan berasal dari sebuah menghubungi fisik atau reaksi kimia yang menghasilkan co-percampuran metil klorida dengan air. Misalnya, metil klorida yang dihasilkan oleh hydrochlorination metanol adalah sebagai mudah dikeringkan seperti metil klorida fisik dicampur dengan air sebagai akibat dari pengobatan materi di hadapan air dan metil klorida.

Proses ini sebaiknya dilakukan di bawah tekanan superatmosfir dari sekitar 100 psig sampai sekitar 300 psig. Mempekerjakan suhu di mana azeotrop asam klorida encer bisul tekanan tersebut lebih baik, meskipun suhu yang lebih rendah berguna jika konsentrasi asam tinggi yang diinginkan. Rasio refluks antara sekitar 1,3 dan 4,0 yang diinginkan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi penggunaan hidrogen klorida. Mudah, jumlah theroretical piring di rectifier atau kolom dapat bervariasi dari 10 sampai 150.

Pengenalan hidrogen klorida ke dalam sistem untuk mendapatkan kondisi penyulingan yang diinginkan umumnya dibuat pada masih tapi mungkin ada dalam pakan sebagai akibat dari mempekerjakan kelebihan atas proporsi stoikiometri reaksi, misalnya di mana metil klorida diproduksi, atau hadir sebagai produk sampingan dari proses.

Uraian Lengkap Penemuan

Contoh 1

Metanol ( 2,903 mol) direaksikan dengan 39,7% kelebihan molar atas stoikiometri hidrogen klorida di 166.degree. C. yang dihasilkan limbah, metil klorida, air dan bereaksi hidrogen klorida, diumpankan ke ID 51/2 inch .times. Kolom destilasi tinggi 50 kaki. Dikemas dengan 1/2 inch "Intalox" pelana. Masih dioperasikan pada 250 psig, 210.degree. C. reboiler dengan kondensor refluks di 64.degree. C. molar refluks yang ditetapkan sebesar 2.04. Produk gas dianalisa untuk air dan ditemukan mengandung kurang dari 200 ppm air. Pantat masih 9,95% asam klorida encer.

Contoh 2

Tabel berikut laporan hasil yang diperoleh oleh penyulingan campuran pakan metil klorida, air dan hidrogen klorida di bawah kondisi yang ditunjukkan dalam yang sama masih seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Contoh 1 di bawah kondisi tekanan yang ditetapkan. Jumlah hidrogen klorida ditunjukkan dalam tabel didasarkan pada hidrogen klorida, metil klorida dan air dalam umpan ke bagian distilasi. Kebanyakan berjalan dibuat tanpa mengukur suhu reboiler cair, sehingga suhu tidak terkontrol untuk menghasilkan azeotropik suhu titik didih pada tekanan yang ditunjukkan. Suhu reboiler itu di bawah titik didih azeotropik menghasilkan kandungan asam tinggi daripada akan diperoleh jika titik azeotrop didih yang telah dicapai.