Proceedings of the

Iron & Steel Technology ConferenceVolume I

2-5 May 2011

Indianapolis, IndianaU.S.A.

Ronald E. Ashburn, Publisher

Christopher P. Brown, Graphic Artist

Carolyn A. Trobaugh, Production Assistant

Lisa C. Oldham, Technical Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AISTech 2011-VoIumeI

Author Index 1813

2011 AIST Howe Memorial Lecture: Dual-Phase Steels: A Look Back with an Eye to Advanced

High-Strength Sheet Steel Innovations ....1

D.K. Matlock

SAFETY AND HEALTH

Safety Innovations and Improvements

Risk Assessment of ATEX (Atmosphere Explosive) for Chemical Storage and Spraying Systems

by Using FMECA Method 3

I.S. Chandra, T. Rougaume, P. Rousseaux

Testing of Flame-Retardant Fabrics at United States Steel Corporation 13

J.J. Becker, N. Gupta, C.C. Snyder Jr., H.M. Dropp

The Globalized Initiatives of Occupational Health and Safety — To Discuss the Development

Strategy of Occupational Health and Safety 25

Q. Ye, F. Ye, S. Liu

LiquiRob® — Improved Safety and Systematic Procedures on the Casting Floor Using Advanced

Robotics 31

M. Hirschmanner, J. Blumenschein, H. Ebner, M. Hilgel, S. Pfeil, A. Priesner, R. Scheidegger

ENVIRONMENTAL

New Technologies for Environmental Issues

Approach to Achieve Compliance With Wastewater Discharge Regulations for Byproduct CokePlants 41

S.E. Shelby Jr., M. Olthof

Design and Installation of In-Duct PeakTemperature Control System at CMC Steel South

Carolina 51

S. Matson, C. Hofherr, D. Vidusek

ENVIRONMENTAL/IRONMAKING

Blast Furnace Environmental Technologies

Redlron: The Best Available Cost-Effective Solution for Recycling Iron-Bearing Wastes From

Integrated Iron and Steel Plants 57

A. Guglielmini, G. Pensieri, F. De Simoni, S. Barozzi, R. Calcagno, G. De Marchi, P. Fontana

Dry Slag Granulation — The Environmentally Friendly Way to Making Cement 69

I. McDonald, E. Long, A. Werner, D. Most

Reduction ofGHG Emission Through Implementation of Curtain Flame Ignition System in Sinter

Plants 77

T.S. Reddy, P. Banerjee, D. Mukerjee, A.S. Mathur

ENVIRONMENTAL/IRONMAKING/ENERGY AND UTILITIES

Energy and Environmental Issues at the Blast Furnace

Combustibility of Charcoal for Direct Injection in Blast Furnace Ironmaking 87

K.W. Ng, L. Giroux, T. MacPhee, T. Todoschuk

Hot Stoves — More Than 50 Years of Experience — Design Optimization and Future

Concepts 95

M. Gantenberg, F. Eschmann, E. Schaub

Biofuel Use in Ironmaking From a Life Cycle Analysis Perspective 105

K.W. Ng, L. Giroux, T. MacPhee, T. Todoschuk

Characterization of Mixtures of Sugarcane Bagasse and Charcoal for Injection ThroughTuyeres of Blast Furnaces 117

S.T. Viana, P.T. da Silva, P.S. Assis

ENVIRONMENTAL/OXYGEN STEELMAKING

Steelmaking Environmental Management

In-Process Separation of Zinc From Offgas Cleaning System Solid Wastes

N.-Y. Ma, M. Atkinson, K. Neale

Pelletizing the Magnetite Concentrate Ore With the Addition of Steelmaking SludgeL. Sun, J. Li, Y. Chen, S. Yang, A. Dong, L. Zhang

Oxycup® Furnace -Smelting Steelmill Fines, Dust and Sludge to Liquid Hot Metal and SlagM. Lemperle, H.-J. Rachner, R. Fechner, D. Kasun

ENVIRONMENTAL/GALVANIZING

Galvanizing and the Environment

The Future of Dezincing Plants — Why? What? When? 161S. Hodl, W. Karner, R. Winkler

A Novel Membrane Technology for the Treatment of Caustic Alkaline Bath Fluid Used for

Degreasing of Steel Surfaces Prior to Galvanization 167M. Mahapatro

129

141

,149

COKEMAKING

Advancements in Coke Quality

Pilot Oven Evaluation of Biomass Usage for Metallurgical Cokemaking 171

S. Thomas, S.J. McKnight, E.J. Serrano

Comparison of Advanced Technologies for Desulfurization of Coke Oven Gas 179F. Sowa, M. Kaiser, M. Petzsch

Implementation of Coke Stabilization at ArcelorMittal Dofasco 191T. Todoschuk, J. Price, J. Gransden

Coal Blend Modeling and Coke Quality Prediction Studies — GIKIL's Success Story 207G.S. Kishore, G. Jagannadham, S. Alma

Formed Coke From Biomass Char 217R. Pattern, R. Hughes

Alternative Coke Plant Processes

Carbonite Continuous Cokemaking Technology 225R.A. Wolfe, E.A. Wolfe

Coke Plant Technology

Non-Recovery/Heat Recovery Cokemaking: A Review of Recent Developments 235

J. Madias, M. de Cordova

The Application of the High Radiative Coating in the Coke Oven 253

H. Zhou, S. Luo, W. Yan, P. Zhao, X. Gao, C. Sun, Y. Zhai, C. Kang, X. Wang, C. Liu, M. Xu,Y. Liu

Fulfilled Environmental Specifications by a Comprehensive Coke Plant Operation ManagementSystem 261K. Damberger, G. Dixon, K.P.P. Leuchtmann

Use ofMBR Technology to Treat Effluent From Coke Oven Byproduct Plant 275

S. Baumgarten, C. Luther, N. Patel, P.R. Dontula, Y. Tayalia, M. Margan

AModern Approach in Cokemaking: Experience and Know-How Combined With the Most

Advanced Engineering Tools 281

A. Esposito, S. Pivot

Coke Oven Gas Desulfurization Process Overview 293

B. Zhang

COKEMAKING/IRONMAKING

Coke Performance in the Blast Furnace

Characterization of U.S. Coking Coals by the Sapozhnikov and "G" Caking Index 305

J.S. Goscinski, J.W. Robinson

Densities Changes of Coke in a Blast Furnace 325

D. Huang, M. Andrade

Transformation of Silicon Bearing Coke Minerals in Blast Furnace 335

2. Ye, S. Gupta, O. Kerkkonen, R. Kanniala, V. Sahajwalla

Evaluation of the Use of Mixtures of Coal and Rice Rind for Injection in the Tuyeres of Blast

Furnaces 349

P. Tavares da Silva, L.F. de Souza Cameiro, C.F. Campos de Assis, P.S. Assis

IRONMAKING

Blast Furnace Operations

Introduction to Dangjin No. 1 Blast Furnace of Hyundai Steel Company 361

H.J. Yoon, Y.J. Lee, B.H. Kim, K.Y. Seo, J.S. Chung

Two World-Class, Super-Sized, Modern Blast Furnaces Blow-In and Operation Results 371

W.-D. Zhang, L.-J. Ren, H.-B. Shen, Z.-M. Guo, M.W. Meng

Ironmaking in Western Europe 387

H.B. Luengen, M. Peters, P. SchmOle

A Review of the Production of Ferromanganese in the Blast Furnace 401J. Madias

The Specific Production Rate of Blast Furnaces: How to Calculate it Correctly 413

I.F. Kurunov, A.M. Tseitline

Alternative Ironmaking

Next Generation Metallic Iron Nodule Technology for EAF Steelmaking 417

D.R. Fosnacht, I. Iwasaki, R.F. Kiesel, R.L. Bleifuss, D.W. Hendrickson

Using Water Hydrogen Instead of Reducing Gas in the Production of Direct Reduced Iron

(DRI) 429J.K. Ahmad

Hearth Maintenance

Improvements in Control Process and Hearth Maintenance in Blast Furnace No. 5 at AHMSA.435J.A. Borrego, M. Villarreal, L.A. Castro, J.A. Veliz, W. Teubl

CFD Simulation of Liquid Level in the Blast Furnace Hearth 447

C.-L. Leu, P. Alvarez, C.Q. Zhou

Results of the Coinjection of PCI and Synthetic Titanium Dioxide Products for Protection of the

Hearth of ROGESA No. 5 Blast Furnace After Stop for Relining 455

W. Hartig, D. Amirzadeh-Asl, D. Flinders

An Innovative Method of Repairing Damaged Blast Furnace Hearth Applied Successfully at

Baosteel Stainless Business Unit 465

Z.-W. Zhang, H.-J. Du, S.-J. Tao, M.W. Meng

Blast Furnace Injections

Increase of Pulverized Coal Capacity at ROGESA 475

W. Hartig, H. Zewe, P. Leyser, S. Cano, C. Cortina, P. Mahowald, B. Muller

Pulverized Coal Injection at ArcelorMittal Dofasco 487

C. Bell, C. Bielec, R. Chaykowski, B. Kuhnle, M. Morson

CFD Modeling and Applications of Pulverized Coal Injection in Blast Furnace 495

Y. Shen, A. Yu, P. Zulli

Raw Materials

The Effects of Concentrate Source and Particle Size on Oxidation Behavior of Magnetite 507

H.J. Cho, P.C. Pistorius

An Investigation of Unstable Blast Furnace Operations Caused by Stockpiled Iron Ore

Pellets 515

S. Street

Carbothermic Reduction and Carburization Behavior of Iron Ore Carbon Composite 531

D. Jang, S. Gupta, M. Freislich, B. Bhushan, V. Sahajwalla

Benefits of Dunite as MgO Addition for Sinter and Blast Furnace 543

P. Cuervo-Arango, R. Caballero, and J. Martinez

Blast Furnace Controls

Waste Gas Heat Recovery System — Technology and Economic Experiences to Reduce the

Operating Expenditures of a Blast Furnace Shop 551

M. Gantenberg, F. Eschmann, H. El-Kassas

The Hydraulic Distributor (HD ) Conversion at Sparrows Point "L" Blast Furnace 563

D. Krtanjek, C. Steigauf, E. Sabol, D. Howell, R.A. D'Arrigo, B. Camer, K. Moore

On the Path Towards a Sustainable Ironmaking Technology 567

H. Kappes, P. Bermes, F. Strobino, T. Krone, H. El-Kassas, T. Weissert

The Steering of a Drifting Blast Furnace 579

Y.-C. Ko, H. Guo, W.-K. Lu

Use of Oxy-Gas Burner to Restart Non-Chilled Blast Furnaces 595

I.G. Baquet, J.G. Otero, R.P. Chust, J.A. Ricketts

Blast Furnace Studies

Tuyere Failures — Cause and Effect 605C. Copeland, S. Street

The Performance of LKAB's Experimental Blast Furnace in Modern Ironmaking 621

G. Zuo, N. Eklund, P. SikstrBm

Recycling Waste Polymers in Iron Oxide Composite Pellets for Ironmaking 631

V. Sahajwalla, M. Zaharia, D.M. Jang, J. Dankwah, N. Saha-Chaudhury, P. O'Kane, C. Skidmore,

M. Davis, D. Knights

Intrinsic Periodic Changes in Operating Conditions in the Blast Furnace 641

W.-K. Lu, Y.-C. Ko, H. Gou

Use of Plastics and Charcoal for Injection Into Blast Furnaces 653

M.L. Furtado Coelho Campos, P. Tavares da Silva, P.S. Assis

IRONMAKING/COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Ironmaking Computer Applications

BFXpert— Improvements in Blast Furnace Operation Using Paul Wurth's Integrated Level 2

System 665

P. Bermes, J.P. Simoes, P. Tockert, G. Odicino, F. Hansen, L. Hausemer, C. Morelli

Experience With Expert System at AHMSA's Blast Furnaces and Latest Automation Technologyat New Blast Furnace 6.. 677

E.D. Martinez Ruiz, J. H6rl, W. Teubl

Development of a Numerical Model of Flow in an Iron Ore Drying Bin 687

R.M. Neiva, C. Musso Velloso, L.B. Trindade, A.C. Contini

Prediction of the Cohesive Zone in a Blast Furnace 695

D. Fu, Y. Chen, T. Rahman, C.Q. Zhou, J. D'Alessio, K.J. Ferron, Y. Zhao

IRONMAKING/PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Blast Furnace Construction Pro jects

2nd Reline of ROGESA's Blast Furnace No. 5 in Dillingen Germany 709

W. Hartig, E. Lonardi, F. Reufer

Experience of Operation, Slowdown, Overhaul and Blow-In After Reconstruction of the Blast

Furnace, Effective Volume 2700m3 at AreclorMittalKriviy Rih 719

M.A. Alter, G.P. Kostenko, V.P. Lyalyuk, S.V. Nyn, V.A. Sheremet

Hyundai Steel Company's New Dangjin Works Blast Furnace No. 1 — A Success Story! 731

N.-S. Park, J.-C. Kim, G. Rassel, 0. Antola, R.G. Goffin

The New VIZAG Blast Furnace 3: Design Concept, Erection and Commissioning for a

State-of-the-Art Ironmaking Unit in India 745

P. Bertossi, C. Castagnola, G. Bonelli, R. Bhattacharyya, N.S. Rao, U. Ravikumar, M.S. Sudhakar

Special Features of Blowdown, Conducting the Repair of the Lower Stack, and Blow-In of the

3200m3 ArcelorMittal Temirtau Blast Furnace 757

M.A. Alter, A.M. Pecherkin, A.A. Vanak, S.A. Bylinkin, G.P. Kostenko

IRONMAKING/REFRACTORY SYSTEMS

Blast Furnace Refractories

SiC Content Influences on Properties of Blast Furnace Casthouse Castable 767

C. Wang, Z. He, R. Wang, Q. Yu, D. Kanosky

Environmentally Friendly Taphole Clay Application at Hyundai Steel No. 1 5250m3Blast Furnace 773

H. Zhu, B. Liu, S.-R. Kang, W. Miao, S. Jia, Z. He, Q. Yu

CFD Simulation of a Spray Cooling System at a Blast Furnace Top 779

B.Wu, D. Huang, T. Roesel, C.Q. Zhou

Application of the Nano/Micrometer High Radiative Coating Technology on No. 2 and No. 3

1750m3 Blast Furnace Hot Stoves in Jigang Group Co., Ltd 789

H. Zhou, B. Li, L. Wang, J. Wang, X. Chen, X. Gao, P. Zhao, D. Li, F. Tian, Q. Tian

ELECTRIC STEELMAKING

Hot Heel and Hot Metal in EAF's

Dragon Steel Corp. in Taiwan Boosted 150-Ton EAF Twin Shell by Continuous Hot Metal

Charging Process 799

C. Solver, J.-L. Roth, M. Hoffmann, R. Stoltz, M. Houbart

Decarburization Efficiency in EAF With Hot Metal Charge 811R. Gottardi, A. Partyka, S. Miani, M. Suber

The Evolution of Preheating and the Importance of Hot Heel in Supersized Consteel®

Systems 823

F. Memoli, M. Guzzon, C. Giavani

Project Planning and Execution of the Twin Shell EAF Revamp at North Star BlueScopeSteel 833R. McClanahan, R. Modglin, J. Ham, S. Robie, D. Knechtel, S. Meyer

EAF Performance Improvements I

Carbon Injection Rate for Optimum Electric Arc Furnace Slags Foaming 849T. Zhu, K.S. Coley, G.A. Irons, S.K. Ray

Enhanced Slag Door for Electric Arc Furnace 857

R. Gottardi, A. Partyka, S. Miani, H.A. Novak, N. Klipa

Operation Benefits at ArcelorMittal Contrecoeur Ouest Using EFSOP® Technology 867

K. Nikkanen, S. Mistry, J. Maiolo, M. Khan, P. Gaudreau, L. Plante

Agricultural Wastes —A Resource for EAF Steelmaking 877

N.F.M. Yunos, K.R. Ahmad, M. Zaharia, V. Sahajwalla

New Technologies in EAF Steelmaking

EAF Processes and Equipment: Some are Lost, But Not Forgotten 887J.K. Cotchen

Simetal EAF Quantum— The Future Approach for Efficient Scrap Melting 899

M. Abel, M. Domdorf, M. Hein, H.J. Huber

Operational Results From Automatic Steel and Temperature Sampler Installed at the EAF 907V. Shver, J. Brhel, C. Farmer

iCSMelt® Applications to EAF Operating Practice Optimization 915P. Frittella, A. Lucarelli, L. Angelini, E. Filippini, B. Poizot, M. Legrand

iSteel®: A New Approach to Reduce Transformation Costs and Environmental Impact 929M.B. Ferri, P. Clerici, D. Masoero, D. Zuliani

A New Model for Energy and Carbon Dioxide Calculations: Model Development, Assumptionsand Applications to EAF Steelmaking 943T.P. Battle, J.M. McClelland

EAF Performance Improvements II and Start-Ups

Use of High Percentage Quality DRI in EAF and Its Benefit in Cost Reduction 955

J. D'Souza, A.S.A.A. Al Marri

Start-Up Experience of the New 32-Ton EAF of Gerdau Siderperu 973F. Memoli, J. Vasquez, J.G. de Abreu, M.D. Dalmoro

Analysis of Meltshop Operating Data at North Star BlueScope Steel to Quantify the ExpectedBenefits of Increased Furnace Bottom Volume on EAF Operations 983

J.A.T. Jones, R. McClanahan, K. Carraway

Total Cost and C02 Emission Reduction Using Apollo® Electrode System at ArcelorMittal

Differedange DC Arc Furnace 991O. Gervais, S. Alameddine, T. Fregonese, Y. Renard, T. Finot

The Evaluation of EAF Performance — Operational Results 1007A. Grosse, A. Opfermann, S. Baumgartner

Experimental Study on Splashing Phenomenon in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking 1017M. Alam, J. Naser, G. Brooks, G. Irons, A. Fontana

ELECTRIC STEELMAKING/ENERGY AND UTILITIES

Energy Recovery

Analysis of Potential and Specific Problems of Heat Recovery in Steel Plants 1027

C. Born, R. Granderath

Hybrid Way EAF Offgas Heat Recovery — ECORECS 1039

M. Yamazaki, Y. Sato, R. Seki

Innovative Approach to the Use of Offgas Heat for High-Efficiency Green Power

Generation 1047A. Hampel, A. Fleischanderl, G. Enickl, F. Zauner, T. Steinparzer

"Flip & Turn" Electric Arc Furnace Panels (EAF) 1063A. Gonzalez Mier

OXYGEN STEELMAKING

International BOF Benchmarking

Measures to Reduce CO2 and Other Emissions in the Steel Industry in Germanyand Europe 1071

H.B. Luengen, G. Endemann, P. Schmole

BOF Operational and Productivity Improvements

i-TAP: Performance Improvement of the BOF Tapping System at ArcelorMittal USA, Burns

Harbor, IN 1083D. Dubois, D. Swickard, C. Jandl, M. Kirschen, M. Cormier, G. Strohmayer, S. Mishra,R. Motkowicz

Integrated Optimized Steel Plant Under Basic Oxygen Process 1089A.C.L. Dores, C.A.R. Carneiro, R.S. Sampaio

Mathematical Simulation of Blow-Through Supersonic Nozzles 1099B. Totti Maia, L. Miranda Nascimento, J.E. Mautone Barros, M.d.S. Lima Guerra, R.P. Tavares

Decrease of Fume Emissions in the Converter by New Process for High Silicon and PhosphorousHot Metal 1109J. Perez, R. Donayo, A. Gomez, A. Data, W. Balante

Sample and Temperature Manipulator for BOF Converter 1121M. Pillwax, T. Scheiber

BOF Technology Advancements

Use of Hot Metal with High Phosphorous Content in Combined Blowing BOF Converters 1127R. Htisken, R. Fechner, J. Cappel

Real-time Phosphorous Measurement Using Sublance TSO-Probe 1145W. Vortrefflich, D. Bal, J.S. Wang

SMS Siemag BOF Process Model: Stable and Optimized Performance Under SuboptimalConditions 1153A. Hofmann, J. Reichel, S. Loginov, S. Das

New Products for Improved BOF Performance 1161G. Wimmer, A. Priesner, A. Hackl, F. Hartl

BOF Blow Practices and Endpoint Predictions

Slagless® Lance Recent Results at BOF Steel Plants Have Shown a Better Flexibility in OxygenBlowing 1173LA. Sardinha

Carbon Prediction Model Using the Offgas Analysis at ArcelorMittal (Indiana Harbor No. 2Steel Producing) BOF Shop With No Bottom Blowing and Suppressed Hood Combustion

System 1183R. Bathla

Study of Post-Stirring Technique and the Involved Mechanisms 1193H.F.P. Goncalves, A.C.P. Cardoso Filho, C.A.R. Carneiro, T.C. da Silva Araujo

High-Efficiency Dephosphorization Technique With FeO Dynamic Control in Top and Bottom

Blowing Converter 1201Y. Ogasawara, N. Kikuchi, A. Matsui, Y. Kishimoto

Continuously Improving BOF Technology at ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor — Operating PracticesBased on Theoretical Understanding 1209D. Guo, D. duBois, D. Swickard, M. Alavanja, R. Kostyo, J. Bradley

Equipment and Refractory Reliability

Design Evaluation of BOF Linings With the Aid of Thermomechanical Simulation 1223H.U. Marschall, C. Jandl

Automatic Compact and Mobile BOF Gunning Manipulator for Hot Vessel Repair 1231M. Pill-wax, T. Scheiber

Exchange of Converters at voestalpine Stahl Linz, Austria 1239H. Lechner, G. Wimmer, H. Moser

Development of a Simulation Model for BOF's Scrap Yard Logistics 1247D. de Paula Macedo, D.A. Moreira

Comparison of Maintenance Strategies Between ArcelorMittal South Africa and

ArcelorMittal USA 1255P. van der Westhuizen

SPECIALTY ALLOY AND FOUNDRY

Specialty Steelmaking

Mechanism of Enhanced Cr203 Reduction by Liquid Fe-C in Steelmaking Slags 1267

M. Pomeroy, G. Brown, K.S. Coley

Thermodynamics as a Guide to the Selective Oxidation of Manganese During EAF Refining of

Ferritics 1277D. Kundrat

Technological Review of the Start-Up of a New Jumbo Bloom Continuous Caster for SpecialtySteels 1287S. Buoro, G. Romanelli

Steel Industry: Improving Efficiency by the Use of the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer 1297Z. Krieger, J. Brenner

Clean Steel Technologies for the Production of 316L Stainless Steel Ultrafine Wires 1309

S. Yang, J. Li, L. Zhang, K. Peaslee, G. Li

Stainless Steelmaking

Effect of Mold Flux on Reheating Scale —Austenitic Stainless Steel Slabs 1319K.H. Cheung, P.C. Pistorius

The Application of Triplex Process for Stainless Steel at Baosteel 1327H. Liu

Optimization of the Bottom Tuyere for a 150-ton Vanadium Extraction Converter Using Water

Modeling 1333Y. Chen, J.S. Li, A. Dong, L. Sun, S. Yang, L. Zhang

LADLE AND SECONDARY REFINING

Ladle Refining, Processing and Alloying

Kinetic Model of Steel Refining in a Ladle Furnace 1339R.D. Morales, M. Macias-Hernandez

The Effect of Silicon on Desulfurization of Al-Killed Steels 1357D. Roy, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan

Ladle Gas Stirring and Vacuum Degassing

An Analysis of Circulation and Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles 1367

K. Krishnapisharody, G.A. Irons

Reducing Energy Demand and Environmental Emissions in Secondary Steel Processing by UsingModular Dry Mechanical Vacuum Pumping Systems 1377S. Bruce, V. Cheetham, G. Legge, G. Deng

Mathematical Modeling of Stirring for an Optimized Ladle Furnace Process 1389J. Alexis, J. Bjorkvall

Development of the New Top Lance Nozzle at No. 3 RH Degasser in Kashima SteelmakingPlant 1401T. Miyazawa, T. Endo, H. Yamazoe, K. Kurita, K. Hamaogi

CONTINUOUS CASTING

Caster Modernizations and Upgrades

Design and Implementation of New Molds for the Casters at ArcelorMittal Dofasco 1413C. Singh, M.K. Trinh, D. Riddle, P. Paci, G. McLarnon, C.B. Donovan, M.R. Badger

Operational Results of a Bow-Type Caster With Vertical Mold for Production of 400mm ThickSlabs for High Application Products 1427S.H. Skrube, P. Pennerstorfer, F. Ramstorfer, J. Watzinger, G. Shan, H. Jiang

High-Performance Slab Caster on Example of 3x2 Strands at Hyundai Steel Works (Dangjin,South Korea) and 2x2 Strands at ThyssenKrupp CSA (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) 1437C. Dipolt, P. Pennerstorfer

Optimization of Dynamic Soft Reduction® of Continuously Cast Slabs 1445J. Nieto, T. Elias, J.C. Delgado Pureco, B. Emling, D. Humes, J. Laughlin

High-Speed Conventional and Thin-Slab Casting

Implementation of High Heat Flux Mold Water Treatment Program Delivers Improvements to

Thin-Slab Caster Product Quality, Production Rate and Maintenance Costs 1457J.S. Strasser, J.L. Hatcher

Thermal Distortion of Funnel Molds 1487L.C. Hibbeler, B.G. Thomas, R.C. Schimmel, G. Abbel

Analysis of Mold Flow Structure Under the Influence of Electromagnetic Brake at ArcelorMittalRiverdale Thin Slab Caster 1497M.M. Yavuz, K. Blazek, J. Thacker, K. Neale, S. Fiegle, C. Fritz, T. Kaurich

Achievement of High-Speed Casting Target at ArcelorMittal Dofasco's No. 2 Continuous Caster:

Technical Approach and Solution Strategies 1507M.K. Trinh, J. Sengupta, D. Currey, N. Strobl, D. Arnott

Modernization of the Thin Slab Caster in Ternium, Mexico Using the LCR Technology 1521M.A. Herrera G., I. Torres A., C. Mufioz Leon, D.F. Rodriguez P.

On-Line Monitoring of Casting Processes 1533

M. Arzberger, H.E. Klassen, M. Korzi, R. Wilmes

Internal Quality

Application of DynaGap Soft Reduction® to High-Quality Blooms 1549J. Morton, S.H. Skrube, J. Sheii

MEMS Arrangements for Casting of Billets and Blooms: Selection of the Right Solution 1557L. Beitelman, C. Curran, D. Domanski, T. Mulcahy

Effect of In-Mold Electromagnetic Stirring Location on Cleanliness of Steel Billets 1567G. Zhang, Y. Yang, P. Wu, A. McLean

Mold Behavior Analysis and Powder Developments

Development and Evaluation of Lime-Alumina-Based Mold Powders for Casting High Aluminum

TRIP Steel Grades 1577K. Blazek, H. Yin, G. Skoczylas, M. McClymonds, M. Frazee

Flux Film Assessment via MouldScreen® 1587

E.H. Hilgenhoner, E.A.T. Wosch, D. Steinkemper

Development of Anti-Entrapment Mold Flux With Melilite Crystal for Round Billet Caster 1599M. Adachi, Y. Murakata, M. Hanao, Y. Tsukaguchi, M. Kawamoto

Breakout Prevention Challenges 1609S. Nafisi, C. D'Souza, L. Collins, E.S. Szekeres

Process Modeling

Effects of Stopper Rod Movement on Mold Fluid Flow at ArcelorMittal Dofasco's No. 1

Continuous Caster 1619R. Liu, J. Sengupta, D. Crosbie, M.M. Yavuz, B.G. Thomas

Mathematical Modeling —Effect of Steel Flow in Mold on False Bleeder Alarms at United States

Steel Corporation's Great Lakes Works No. 2 Caster 1633A.K. Sinha

Mold Level Control Upgrade at Nucor Steel Decatur 1641

X. Rabec, G. Leal, P. Arnulf

A Novel Design of the Submerged Entry Nozzle for Slab Continuous Casting Process 1647Y. Chen, L. Zhang, L. Sun, A. Dong, B. Yu, S. Yang, J. Li, S. Li

Anticlogging Stopper Rod 1659R.D. Morales, L. Garcia-Demedices

Finite Element Heat Transfer Analysis of United State Steel Corporation's Mon ValleyWorks — Edgar Thomson Plant Caster Mold Designs 1687D.J. Radakovic, A.K. Sinha, D.R. Stanich

CONTINUOUS CASTING/ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS

Mold Level Control

Direct Measurement of Sub-Meniscus Velocity at ArcelorMittal Dofasco's No. 1 ContinuousCaster to Evaluate Mold Fluid Flow at Different Casting Conditions 1697J. Sengupta, D. Crosbie, S. Chung, M.K. Trinh, E. Dillon, J. Dixon, V. Gueugnon, J.-F. Domgin

Reinventing the Caster Mold Level Control 1707M. Pillwax, R. Zirkl, S. Cecchini

Electromagnetic Mold Level Detectors 1719J. Rohac, A. Pawlik, T. Krhut

Improving Cut-Length Tolerance and Long-Term Consistency in Continuous Casters With LaserVelocimeters 1729P. Nawfel

HOT SHEET ROLLING

Process Improvements in Steel Hot Rolling

A Knowledge-Based Approach to Enhance Performance of Cooling Water System in Continuous

Casting and Hot Rolling Operations 1739V. Hernandez, S. Kumar, S. Hardcastle

Best Flatness and Best Crown — Alternative Strategies for Finishing Stands Setup 1753E. Nikitenko

Prolonging the Service Life of Shear Pins in the Flange Yoke Assembly of Stainless Hot RollingMill by UNSM Technology and Other Applications for Fatigue and Wear Life Extension 1763Y.S. Pyun, A. Amanov, J. Park, I.H. Cho, J. Rogers, R. Murakami

HOT SHEET ROLLING/ROLLS

Hot Mill Rolls

New Trends in Hot Strip Mill Roughing Mills: Characterization of High-Chromium Steel and

Semi-HSS Grades 1771J. Lecomte-Beckers, M. Sinnaeve, T.J. Tchuindjang

Checkered Plates Production Costs Reduced by Repeated Groove Milling Technology 1783S. Joongjitdumrong, K. Siriprompisan, C. Rodseesean

Rebirth ofCPC Roll With HSS Material for Hot Strip Finishing Mill 1793

M. Hashimoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Ishii

Roll Consumption Reduction at ArcelorMittal 80" Burns Harbor Hot Strip Mill Through Roll

Shop Grinding Practices and Mill Stability Improvements 1799A.L. Costa, J.T. Sims, J.M. Cahill, P. Jackson