Problem Facing Nile Delta and the Challenges

By

Dr Mohamed H Amer

Advisor to DRI NWRC

Chairman ENCID

bullNile Delta is about 25000 kmsup2 with about 34 million inhabitants (Cairo is not included)bullIt is among the most densely populated agricultural areas in the world with 1360 inhabitants per kmsup2bullAbout half of the area is used for agriculturebullThe fish productivity is about 185000 Tonsyear from the northern lakes (Maryut Manzala Edkua and Burullus) bullAbout 40 of all Egyptian industry located in Nile DeltabullMost of the investments and economic activities apparently go the delta region

bullNile Delta is about 25000 kmsup2 with about 34 million inhabitants (Cairo is not included)bullIt is among the most densely populated agricultural areas in the world with 1360 inhabitants per kmsup2bullAbout half of the area is used for agriculturebullThe fish productivity is about 185000 Tonsyear from the northern lakes (Maryut Manzala Edkua and Burullus) bullAbout 40 of all Egyptian industry located in Nile DeltabullMost of the investments and economic activities apparently go the delta region

Nile Delta ldquoEgyptrdquoNile Delta ldquoEgyptrdquo

Problem tree in ldquoNile Deltardquo

Vulnerability of the Nile Delta toEnvironmental risks

Environmental degradationof the Nile delta

Competing uses of land

Limited available water resources

Potential impact ofsea level rise

Inefficient naturalresources management

Salt water intrusion

Conflict between stakeholders

Social behavior

Egyptrsquos arid climate

Global warming and

climate change

Nile Delta flooding by sea

Land subsidence

Coastal erosion

Negative impact of free

crop pattern

Traditional irrigated system

Water pollution

Sea level rise

Excessive pumping

Population growth

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

Lack of sanitation

Problem (1)Competing uses of land

Needs for recommended new areas for population growth

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Adaptation assessment

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

Overview of Salam project

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17

bullNile Delta is about 25000 kmsup2 with about 34 million inhabitants (Cairo is not included)bullIt is among the most densely populated agricultural areas in the world with 1360 inhabitants per kmsup2bullAbout half of the area is used for agriculturebullThe fish productivity is about 185000 Tonsyear from the northern lakes (Maryut Manzala Edkua and Burullus) bullAbout 40 of all Egyptian industry located in Nile DeltabullMost of the investments and economic activities apparently go the delta region

bullNile Delta is about 25000 kmsup2 with about 34 million inhabitants (Cairo is not included)bullIt is among the most densely populated agricultural areas in the world with 1360 inhabitants per kmsup2bullAbout half of the area is used for agriculturebullThe fish productivity is about 185000 Tonsyear from the northern lakes (Maryut Manzala Edkua and Burullus) bullAbout 40 of all Egyptian industry located in Nile DeltabullMost of the investments and economic activities apparently go the delta region

Nile Delta ldquoEgyptrdquoNile Delta ldquoEgyptrdquo

Problem tree in ldquoNile Deltardquo

Vulnerability of the Nile Delta toEnvironmental risks

Environmental degradationof the Nile delta

Competing uses of land

Limited available water resources

Potential impact ofsea level rise

Inefficient naturalresources management

Salt water intrusion

Conflict between stakeholders

Social behavior

Egyptrsquos arid climate

Global warming and

climate change

Nile Delta flooding by sea

Land subsidence

Coastal erosion

Negative impact of free

crop pattern

Traditional irrigated system

Water pollution

Sea level rise

Excessive pumping

Population growth

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

Lack of sanitation

Problem (1)Competing uses of land

Needs for recommended new areas for population growth

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Adaptation assessment

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

Overview of Salam project

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17

Problem tree in ldquoNile Deltardquo

Vulnerability of the Nile Delta toEnvironmental risks

Environmental degradationof the Nile delta

Competing uses of land

Limited available water resources

Potential impact ofsea level rise

Inefficient naturalresources management

Salt water intrusion

Conflict between stakeholders

Social behavior

Egyptrsquos arid climate

Global warming and

climate change

Nile Delta flooding by sea

Land subsidence

Coastal erosion

Negative impact of free

crop pattern

Traditional irrigated system

Water pollution

Sea level rise

Excessive pumping

Population growth

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

bullEgypt depends mainly on single water resources bullThe natural NILE cycle of flow and sediment discharge has been disrupted bullThe NILE DELTA is threaten by sea level rise erosion sanitization and pollution bullThere is a marked decline in agricultural productivity and loss of land and coastal lagoons at a time bullwhen the population is expanding exponentially

Lack of sanitation

Problem (1)Competing uses of land

Needs for recommended new areas for population growth

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Adaptation assessment

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

Overview of Salam project

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17

Problem (1)Competing uses of land

Needs for recommended new areas for population growth

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Nile Delta is fairly unique in the distribution of its population land-use and agriculture and economic activity which makes it extremely vulnerable to any potential impacts on its water resources and coastal zone

Adaptation assessment

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

Overview of Salam project

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17

Adaptation assessment

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

bullIt is planned to use 150 BCMyear of mixed water to irrigate the reclamation lands in Port-Said Plateau South Husseinia and South Salhia

bull The first phase covers about 165000 Fed bull The second phase covers the irrigation of 200000 fed extending along the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Al-Arish westward bull The last phase of the project is under construction at the present time and is expected to be completed soon

Overview of Salam project

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Water resources in Egypt are limited as Egypt is mostly a rainless country A gap between fresh water resources and the countrys requirement already exists 6 BCMyear The possibility of increasing the fresh water resources from conventional sources is doubtful

Needs for reuse agricultural waste water Needs for reuse agricultural waste water

Limited available water resources

Problem (2)

Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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Adaptation assessment

RegionAvailable

Drainage Water

Currently ReusedPossible to be

reused

Eastern Delta

408320491519

Middle Delta584920072881

Western Delta

381911232384

Total137515181

+40 unofficial reuse

6784

Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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Potential impact of sea level rise

Problem (3)

Needs for protection of the coastal zoneNeeds for protection of the coastal zone

Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006Vulnerable areas defined by IPCC in 2006

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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• Slide 17

Beach nourishment and groinsBreakwatersLegal development regulation

Adaptation assessment

Muhammed Ali ea Wall to protect Cultivated Low Lands (15m - 25m Below Sea Level)

Bazalt Riprap to Protect Borg Al-Burullus Village

Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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Problem (4)

Inefficient natural resources management

Needs for better water management

The NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivityThe NILE DELTA is threaten by pollution There is a marked decline in agricultural productivity

Drainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution ProblemsDrainage Catchments in the Delta with Pollution Problems

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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• Slide 17

Adaptation assessment(1) Establishing in-stream Wetland

(2) Establishing Manzala Wetland (3) Monitoring water quality in Nile delta

(4) Establishing irrigation improvement program

(5) Enforce guidelines and law application for env proteccioacuten

1048707Environmental Law No 48 of 1982 amp Law No 4 of 1994

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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• Slide 9
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• Slide 16
• Slide 17

The ground water is considered the third water source for irrigation and other human UsesThe ground water reservoir in the Delta is considered to be one of the biggest reservoir in the world ( about 280 km3)Due to the excessive pumping over the last few decades the groundwater quality in the northern parts of the Delta has been deteriorated considerably

Problem (5)Salt water intrusion

Needs for protection of coastal GW aquifer from excessive pumpingand pollution risk

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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• Slide 17

Adaptation assessment

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

bullEstablishing monitoring programme according to priority areas in Nile DeltabullA 50 cm rise in the seawater level is expected to cause about 45 km inland migration of equiconcentration line 1bullAdditional pumping should be practiced in the middle Delta and pumping from the eastern and western parts should be reduced

The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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The challenge

bull The research project in Nile Delta is very important and must be designed to solve the main problem (ecosystem degradation) and address the following activities bullConducting actual scenarios on the effect climate change on both the coastal areas and the Nile water availabilitybullAdopting different measures such as water recycling and exploitation of underground water resources to increase water productivitybullUsing of modern irrigation techniques and genetically modified seeds which grow with less water demands bullIdentifying new technology to be applied in water recycling which resulted in the reduction of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean bullImproving technical performance of water supply and deliver system

The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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The challenge

bull Adopting different technologies for waterways ponds reservoirs and lakes restoration bullReusing wastewater to support the agriculture production with minimal risks to the ecosystembullIntegrating biosystems to produce more products and generate less wastebull Groundwater and surface water bodies are physically interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated waybullAdopting modern farming technology to increase crop-water productivity and reduce pollutants bullProviding guidance with regard to crop production water requirement and water quality

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

The Nile Delta is one of the most heavily populated and intensely cultivated areas on earth It is highly vulnerable to environmental risks

Sea level rise soil and water degradation undiversified crop-pattern yield reduction pests and disease severity and irrigation and drainage management are the main key factors that increased the environmental degradation in that region

It is vital to develop adaptation and upgrading awareness in the Delta region to deal with such environmental risks

Conclusion Conclusion

ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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ThankThank

You AllYou All

ThankThank

You AllYou All

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