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Development Team of the Module:

Authors: Jhunard R. Tapongot Fritzie Aileen A. PurayEvaluators: Ernell C. Culob Jadilyn Rose S. SaturosIllustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Management Team:

Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional DirectorCo-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V Asst. Regional Director Mala Epra B. Magnaong CES, CLMDMembers: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator Ray Butch M. Mahinay EPS-Designate- AP

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Lesson 1 The Discipline of Counseling

A. IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Choose from the letters in the table below. Write it on the space provided before the number.

a. Counseling b. Attending Behavior c. Open-Ended Questions d. Close-ended questions e. Paraphrasing f. Primary Function g. Social Sciences h. Applied Social Science i. Codes of ethics j. Counseling Program k. Guidance and Counseling Program

___________1.It is a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her make positive choices and decisions.

___________2.Let the client knows you’re listening and it conveys empathy.

___________3.Questions that clients cannot easily answer with “Yes,”, “No,” or one- or two-word responses

___________4.Questions that the other can easily answer with a “Yes,” “No,” or one- or two-word responses

___________5.The counselor rephrases the content of the client’s message.

Learning Competencies:

1. identify the goals and scope of counseling (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ib-3)

2. demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counseling (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ib-4)

3. discuss the core values of counseling (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ib-5)

What I Need to Know

What I Know

1

___________6. You avoid staying in bed or sitting around all day to help your depression.

___________7.It provides a comprehensive, developmental guidance and counseling programs for students Counselor structures activities to meet the needs of his/her assigned caseload, consults with teachers, staff and parents to enhance their effectiveness in helping students.

___________8.Social Sciences are sciences concerned with the origin and development of human society, and the institutions, relationships, and ideas involved in social life. Included in the social sciences are anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, law, psychology, criminology, and social psychology.

___________9.It is a science that you can use in practicality.

___________10.It provides structure or guidelines for a profession’s membership to follow in their professional practice and also for the public to anticipate in their interactions with the profession and its membership.

B. ARRANGE ME!

Directions: Below are the processes of counseling. Arrange these steps according to the process.

Mutual Goal Setting 1.___________________ Follow-up 2. ___________________ Initial Stage 3. ___________________ Working 4. ___________________ Gathering data 5. ___________________ Terminating 6. ___________________

The Discipline of Counseling

Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the counselor assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her makes positive choices and decisions. It is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable the person to become an effective member of society. Counselling is a process by means of which the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that person's personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge.

What’s New

2

___________6. You avoid staying in bed or sitting around all day to help your depression.

___________7.It provides a comprehensive, developmental guidance and counseling programs for students Counselor structures activities to meet the needs of his/her assigned caseload, consults with teachers, staff and parents to enhance their effectiveness in helping students.

___________8.Social Sciences are sciences concerned with the origin and development of human society, and the institutions, relationships, and ideas involved in social life. Included in the social sciences are anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, law, psychology, criminology, and social psychology.

___________9.It is a science that you can use in practicality.

___________10.It provides structure or guidelines for a profession’s membership to follow in their professional practice and also for the public to anticipate in their interactions with the profession and its membership.

B. ARRANGE ME!

Directions: Below are the processes of counseling. Arrange these steps according to the process.

Mutual Goal Setting 1.___________________ Follow-up 2. ___________________ Initial Stage 3. ___________________ Working 4. ___________________ Gathering data 5. ___________________ Terminating 6. ___________________

The Discipline of Counseling

Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the counselor assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her makes positive choices and decisions. It is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable the person to become an effective member of society. Counselling is a process by means of which the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that person's personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge.

What’s New

Goals of Counseling

Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people. Here are the five commonly named goals of counseling:

1. Facilitating behavior change 2. Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships. 3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope. 4. Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential. 5. Development.

Source: “What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020, www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-the-goals-of-counseling

Principles of Counseling

Counseling is a long-term process and consists of professional communication. These are the principles of counseling:

1. Principle of acceptance Accept the patient with his physical, psychological, social, economic and cultural conditions.

2. Principal of communication Communication should be verbal as well as non-verbal and should be skillful.

3. Principle of empathy Instead of showing sympathy put yourself in patient’s shoes and then give reflections accordingly.

4. Principle of non-judge Mental attitude. Do not criticize or comment negatively regarding patient’s complaints.

5. Principle of confidentiality Always keep the patient’s name and the problem strictly secrete and assure the patient about the same.

6. Principle of individuality Treat each and every patient as unique and respect his problem as well.

7. Principle of non-emotional involvement Do not get emotionally involved with the patient and avoid getting carried away with his feelings.

Source: “Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com

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Core Values of Counseling

Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee. Here are the core values of counseling:

1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard, compassion, non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.

2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity and openness.

3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe environment and no imposition of advices.

4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being to change and to continue learning.

5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness. 6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of

clients.

Source:”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020, www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling

Directions: Let us test your knowledge on this topic, kindly write your answers on the space provided.

1. Counseling is - - - 2. Goals of Counseling - - - 3. Principles of Counseling - - - 4. Core Values of Counseling - - -

What is It

4

Core Values of Counseling

Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee. Here are the core values of counseling:

1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard, compassion, non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.

2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity and openness.

3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe environment and no imposition of advices.

4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being to change and to continue learning.

5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness. 6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of

clients.

Source:”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020, www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling

Directions: Let us test your knowledge on this topic, kindly write your answers on the space provided.

1. Counseling is - - - 2. Goals of Counseling - - - 3. Principles of Counseling - - - 4. Core Values of Counseling - - -

What is It

Directions: On the space provided, kindly write your answers.

Term Definition 1. Core Values

2. Counseling

3. Principles of Counseling

4. Goals of Counseling

Assessment

54

References:

“What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020, www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-the-goals-of-counseling

“Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com

”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020 www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling

6

References:

“What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020, www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-the-goals-of-counseling

“Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com

”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020 www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling

Lesson 2 Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

Now that you know already the definitions, goals, scopes, core values and principles of counseling, let us go further, this time let me introduce to you the professionals and practitioners of counseling.

Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a counseling style tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves the different approaches in counseling. To be qualified in counseling profession he/she must study masters or doctoral degree and pass the licensure exam. A counselor must have personal qualities like: self-awareness and understanding, caring attitude, sensitivity, open-mindedness and objectivity plus accepting personal congruence. A professional counselor must have the ability to listen, convey understanding without judgment, ability to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the ability to convey to the client that the counselor values the client’s experiences. Moreover, conveys the belief that the client is capable, trustworthy, respectable, worthy and dependable.

Republic Act 9258, an act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling adheres counseling practitioners to abide the code of ethics in this profession, thus a counselor must uphold professional responsibility, counseling relationship, dimension of confidentiality, ethical issues in a multicultural perspective, ethical issues in the assessment process.

Learning Competencies:

4. show understanding of the roles and functions of counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-6)

5. identify specific work areas in which counselors work (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-7)

6. identify career opportunities for counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-8)

7. value rights, responsibilities and accountabilities (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-9)

8. distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-10)

What I Need to Know

76

With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, Correctional and prison facilities, rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career centers, nonprofit or social services agencies, religious institution, private and public practice as well as in a weight loss camp.

An effective counselor must have an understanding and awareness of systematic theories that guide professional practice, sufficient encounter and understanding with human beings furthermore, sufficient human experience and awareness of one self’s strength, limitations and values.

Directions: Follow and answer properly.

1. You recall as many roles and functions of counselors that you are aware of. 2. Write all your answers in the note box below. 3. You count all the roles and functions written in the note box. 4. Choose one role /function and identify the competencies required of the

role/function.

Open Notes

Name: _______________________

What I Know

8

With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, Correctional and prison facilities, rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career centers, nonprofit or social services agencies, religious institution, private and public practice as well as in a weight loss camp.

An effective counselor must have an understanding and awareness of systematic theories that guide professional practice, sufficient encounter and understanding with human beings furthermore, sufficient human experience and awareness of one self’s strength, limitations and values.

Directions: Follow and answer properly.

1. You recall as many roles and functions of counselors that you are aware of. 2. Write all your answers in the note box below. 3. You count all the roles and functions written in the note box. 4. Choose one role /function and identify the competencies required of the

role/function.

Open Notes

Name: _______________________

What I Know

Roles of the Counselors

Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups who are dealing with issues that affect their mental health and well-being. Many counselors approach their work holistically, using a “wellness” model which highlights and encourages client’s strengths. On the job counselors:

1. Work with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental health. 2. Encourage clients to discuss emotions and experiences. 3. Examine issues including substance abuse, aging, bullying, anger

management, careers, depression, relationships, LGBTQ issues, self-image, stress and suicide.

4. Work with families. 5. Help client’s define goals, plan action and gain insight. 6. Develop therapeutical processes. 7. Refer clients to psychologists and other services. 8. Take a holistic approach to mental health care.

Functions of Counseling

Counselors work in diverse community settings designed to provide a variety of counseling, rehabilitation and support services. Their duties vary greatly depending on their specialty which is determined by the setting in which they work and the population they serve. Counselors are challenged:

1. with children, adolescents and adults that have multiple issues such as mental health disorders

2. to provide appropriate counseling and support 3. to assist students of all levels 4. to promote the academic, career, personal and social development of

children and youth 5. to help students evaluate their abilities, interests, talents and personalities

to develop realistic academic and career goals 6. to operate career information centers and career education programs 7. to help students understand and deal with social, behavioral and personal

development

What’s New

Source: “Counseling Job Description: What You’ll Do,” All Psychology Schools, accessed January 16, 2020,www.allpsychologyschools.com

Source: “Counselors -What They Do”, Student Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020, www.studentsscholarship.org.

98

Competencies of Counseling

Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment, diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological problems. They help people with relationship issues, family problems, job stress, mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety and many other challenging problems that can impact feelings of well-being and happiness. To be effective in their roles, counselors should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes and skills. Here are the competencies of counselors:

1. Communication skills Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before

embarking on a counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to listen and be able clearly explain their ideas and thoughts to others.

2. Acceptance

Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is often used in counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open, nonjudgmental attitude-accepting the client for who she is and her current situation.

3. Empathy

Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful times of their lives. They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what another person is feeling.

4. Problem-Solving skills

Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help their clients identify and make changes to negative thought patterns and other harmful behaviors that might be contributing to their issues.

5. Rapport-Building skills

Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients and be able to cultivate trust.

6. Flexibility

Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they respond to meet their client’s needs.

7. Self-Awareness

Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own unmet psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desires to be professionally competent.

10

Competencies of Counseling

Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment, diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological problems. They help people with relationship issues, family problems, job stress, mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety and many other challenging problems that can impact feelings of well-being and happiness. To be effective in their roles, counselors should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes and skills. Here are the competencies of counselors:

1. Communication skills Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before

embarking on a counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to listen and be able clearly explain their ideas and thoughts to others.

2. Acceptance

Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is often used in counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open, nonjudgmental attitude-accepting the client for who she is and her current situation.

3. Empathy

Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful times of their lives. They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what another person is feeling.

4. Problem-Solving skills

Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help their clients identify and make changes to negative thought patterns and other harmful behaviors that might be contributing to their issues.

5. Rapport-Building skills

Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients and be able to cultivate trust.

6. Flexibility

Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they respond to meet their client’s needs.

7. Self-Awareness

Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own unmet psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desires to be professionally competent.

8. Multicultural Competency Counselors help people from all walks of life. They must display

multicultural competency and adopt a multicultural worldview.

Specific Work Areas of Counselors The following places of employment offer work opportunities for someone with a counseling degree:

1. Hospitals Counselors provide mental health evaluations, some counselors are hired to

assist patients overcome various psychological and behavioral issues.

2. Impatient or Outpatient Detoxification Centers Counselors may also serve as detox specialists or crisis workers within

detoxification center. Counselors are hired to work in:

2.1. Impatient facilities hire counselors to assist with 24-hour care of high-risk patients battling substance abuse.

2.2 . Outpatient facilities hire counselors to provide treatment during the day, while patients are allowed to return to their homes at night.

3. Mental Health Facilities & Agencies Counselors provide one-on-one treatment or holding group therapy sessions.

Community counselors are hired at localized mental health agencies to assist a local population, interact with community leaders, and bridge the gap between support services found in surrounding areas.

4. Residential Care Facilities

A residential care facility provides counseling services to people living in a temporary environment that requires continuous supervision. This may include facilities that house troubled or at-risk youths, autistic children, or people with mental or physical disabilities.

5. Halfway Houses

Halfway houses, also known as transitional housing facilities and recovery houses, hire rehabilitation and substance abuse counselors to guide patients or residents in need of help transitioning back to a societal environment, their family, their community, and/or entering the workforce.

Source:”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com

1110

6. Geriatric-Related Facilities Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often employed by facilities,

agencies and organizations that serve the elderly population.

7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics Counselors are hired to work with veterans, their spouses, and family to

address issues, such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and anger management.

8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons

From mental health counseling to substance abuse counseling, the prison system employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for individuals who are jailed, or living in a correctional facility.

9. Retail Businesses

Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations departments of large retail organizations, job duties typically include improving company-customer relationships, as well as designing and conducting training programs.

10. The Educational System

Primarily helping students to better navigate the stresses of growing up and successfully completing their studies, counselors play an important role at all levels of the school system.

Counseling Careers Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific career. Here are the career opportunities of counselors.

1. Mental Health Counselor Mental health counselors provide therapeutic support to clients faced

with mental, emotional and behavioral health issues, such as anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem and other concerns.

2. School Counselor

Professional school counselor provides services to students to support their academic, personal and social development while working with teachers, administrators and parents.

Source: “Top Places to Work as a Counselor,” Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020, www.careerinpsychology.org/

12

6. Geriatric-Related Facilities Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often employed by facilities,

agencies and organizations that serve the elderly population.

7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics Counselors are hired to work with veterans, their spouses, and family to

address issues, such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and anger management.

8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons

From mental health counseling to substance abuse counseling, the prison system employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for individuals who are jailed, or living in a correctional facility.

9. Retail Businesses

Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations departments of large retail organizations, job duties typically include improving company-customer relationships, as well as designing and conducting training programs.

10. The Educational System

Primarily helping students to better navigate the stresses of growing up and successfully completing their studies, counselors play an important role at all levels of the school system.

Counseling Careers Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific career. Here are the career opportunities of counselors.

1. Mental Health Counselor Mental health counselors provide therapeutic support to clients faced

with mental, emotional and behavioral health issues, such as anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem and other concerns.

2. School Counselor

Professional school counselor provides services to students to support their academic, personal and social development while working with teachers, administrators and parents.

Source: “Top Places to Work as a Counselor,” Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020, www.careerinpsychology.org/

3. Career Counselor

Career counselors help individuals understand themselves and the world of work to make solid occupational, education and life decisions.

4. Child Counselor

Child and adolescent counselors help children and teens with physical, emotional, or mental roadblocks that impede healthy development.

5. College Counselor

College counselors provide college students with a variety of supports in order to promote overall academic, mental and behavioral wellness.

6. Grief Counselor

Grief counselors support client growth from profound loss, death of a loved one, debilitating injury, terminal illness, divorce or other personal bereavements.

7. Military Counselor

Military counselors assist active duty, veterans and their families on mental, emotional and social concerns related to the military lifestyle and experience.

8. Pastoral Counselor

In pastoral settings, counselors combine therapy with theological training to offer patients a unique and integrated approach to sessions.

9. Rehabilitation Counselor

For individuals with physical, mental, developmental, and or emotional disabilities, rehabilitation counselors assist them in leading fulfilling and successful independent lives.

10. Substance Abuse Counselor

Substance abuse and addiction counselors work with clients to support their mental and physical health in order to accurately provide a holistic treatment of substance abuse disorders.

Source:”Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020, www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become-a-counselor/counseling-careers/

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Code of Ethics

Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to whom they supply professional services concerning educational, vocational, personal and social development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors among counselors:

Ethical Behaviors: 1. They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation. 2. They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain

freedom and autonomy. 3. They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent. 4. They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for

malpractice.

Unethical Behaviors: 1. Incompetence 2. Lack of integrity 3. Violating confidences 4. Exceeding the level of professional competence 5. Imposing values on clients 6. Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own

needs 7. Improper advertising 8. Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services

through the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit clients for a private practice.

Source: “Characteristics of Effective Counseling,” University of Malawi,accessed January 16, 2020,www.oerafrica.org

14

Code of Ethics

Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to whom they supply professional services concerning educational, vocational, personal and social development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors among counselors:

Ethical Behaviors: 1. They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation. 2. They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain

freedom and autonomy. 3. They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent. 4. They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for

malpractice.

Unethical Behaviors: 1. Incompetence 2. Lack of integrity 3. Violating confidences 4. Exceeding the level of professional competence 5. Imposing values on clients 6. Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own

needs 7. Improper advertising 8. Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services

through the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit clients for a private practice.

Source: “Characteristics of Effective Counseling,” University of Malawi,accessed January 16, 2020,www.oerafrica.org

Directions: Let us put together the beauty of the counselor by putting the functions, competencies, rights, responsibilities and career opportunities through a creative graphic organizer. Place your answers on the space below.

Graphic Organizer

Name: ___________________________

Will I Report My Client or Not?

Directions: Carefully read the situation below and answer it properly.

1. In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a portion on client’s right to privacy. What if the counselor, in his/her conversation with the client, found out that the client accidentally killed a person, will you report the client to police or not? Write your answer in the table below. Name: __________________

What is It

Assessment

1514

References:

Counseling Job Description: What You’ll Do,” All Psychology Schools,accessed January 16, 2020, www.llpsychologyschools.com “Counselors -What They Do”,Student Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020, www.studentsscholarship.org. ”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com

”Top Places to Work as a Counselor,“Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020, www.careerinpsychology.org ”Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020, www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become-a-counselor/counseling-careers ”Characteristics of Effective Counseling,“University of Malawi,accessed January 16, 2020, www.oerafrica.org

16

References:

Counseling Job Description: What You’ll Do,” All Psychology Schools,accessed January 16, 2020, www.llpsychologyschools.com “Counselors -What They Do”,Student Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020, www.studentsscholarship.org. ”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com

”Top Places to Work as a Counselor,“Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020, www.careerinpsychology.org ”Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020, www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become-a-counselor/counseling-careers ”Characteristics of Effective Counseling,“University of Malawi,accessed January 16, 2020, www.oerafrica.org

Lesson 3 Clientele and Audiences in Counseling

This lesson tells you the clientele and audience of counseling. It also facilitates understanding on the needs of various types of clientele and audiences.

FILL ME!

Directions: Fill out the table with what you know about clientele and audience of counseling.

Counseling

Clientele Audience Needs Addressed

Learning Competency:

1. describe the clientele and audience of counseling (HUMSS_DIASS12-Id-11)

What I Need to Know

What I Know

1716

Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute the clientele and audience.

INDIVIDUAL

Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and experience growth during challenging times in life. Such kind of counseling facilitates one deal with a variety of life topics such as anger, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, substance abuse, parenting problems, school difficulties and career changes.

Otherwise known as talk therapy, this type of counseling is done in a confidential environment where clientele work one-on-one with a trained professional, example, in school a guidance counselor. This counseling activity allows individuals to explore their feelings, beliefs and behaviors, work through challenging or influential memories, identify aspects of their lives that they would like to change, better understand themselves and others, set personal goals and work toward desired change.

It is focused on the individual’s immediate or near future concerns. It is facilitated to talk to through mental health concerns and help clients heal, grow and move toward more productive lives. It is usually lasts between 45 and 50 minutes.

GROUP

Group counseling consists of four to ten clients and one or two experienced group therapists. During this period, the members of the group talk about issues concerning them and offer each other support and feedback.

This type of counseling may be useful for students who are having difficulties in their relationships or who want to learn about themselves and their connections to other people.

What’s New

Source: “Individual Counseling”, California State University Channel Islands, accessed January 16, 2020,https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-counseling.htm

18

Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute the clientele and audience.

INDIVIDUAL

Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and experience growth during challenging times in life. Such kind of counseling facilitates one deal with a variety of life topics such as anger, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, substance abuse, parenting problems, school difficulties and career changes.

Otherwise known as talk therapy, this type of counseling is done in a confidential environment where clientele work one-on-one with a trained professional, example, in school a guidance counselor. This counseling activity allows individuals to explore their feelings, beliefs and behaviors, work through challenging or influential memories, identify aspects of their lives that they would like to change, better understand themselves and others, set personal goals and work toward desired change.

It is focused on the individual’s immediate or near future concerns. It is facilitated to talk to through mental health concerns and help clients heal, grow and move toward more productive lives. It is usually lasts between 45 and 50 minutes.

GROUP

Group counseling consists of four to ten clients and one or two experienced group therapists. During this period, the members of the group talk about issues concerning them and offer each other support and feedback.

This type of counseling may be useful for students who are having difficulties in their relationships or who want to learn about themselves and their connections to other people.

What’s New

Source: “Individual Counseling”, California State University Channel Islands, accessed January 16, 2020,https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-counseling.htm

ORGANIZATION

Counseling and therapy aren’t just for individuals, couples and groups. Organization can also benefit from the same techniques to help reduce workplace anxiety, improve communication, enhance performance and support employees more thoroughly.

This type of counseling is used to provide deeply effective coaching to teams who lack direction, stress, burnout or anxiety.

COMMUNITY

Community counseling is geared towards increasing coordination between community members and all the services that address all types of discrimination.

This type of counseling applies both counseling and social work in the community setting. Productive community counseling involves facilitating clients work through their mental health concerns. It recognizes diversity as it must pay attention to the diverse systems noting that a community consists of individuals with varied personalities and perspectives.

Components of community counseling include providing advice and consultation to a community’s caregivers to increase access to mental health care, identifying high-risk populations, reducing the incidence of mental disorders at an individual level, developing preventive measures to reduce relapses, recognizing the value of the community and its ability to develop effective programs and services.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write the correct answer if it is false. Write your answer before the number.

_____1.Community counseling facilitates members of the community with diverse needs.

_____2.High-risk populations is one concern addressed by a guidance counselor in school.

_____3.Organization therapy is used to reduce workplace difficulties and increase performance productivity.

Assessment

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_____4. Group counseling is intended for four to ten students having problems in their studies.

_____5. Organization counseling recognizes the value of the community and its role to produce productive individuals.

_____6. One-on-one consultation happens in group counseling.

_____7.Effective coaching on teams who lack direction and experience burnout is offered in organization counseling.

_____8.Social work and counseling are both involved in organization counseling.

_____9. Community therapy includes giving support and feedback to members in the group.

_____10.One receives support and personal opportunity to receive support and experience growth during challenging times in life in individual counseling.

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_____4. Group counseling is intended for four to ten students having problems in their studies.

_____5. Organization counseling recognizes the value of the community and its role to produce productive individuals.

_____6. One-on-one consultation happens in group counseling.

_____7.Effective coaching on teams who lack direction and experience burnout is offered in organization counseling.

_____8.Social work and counseling are both involved in organization counseling.

_____9. Community therapy includes giving support and feedback to members in the group.

_____10.One receives support and personal opportunity to receive support and experience growth during challenging times in life in individual counseling.

References:

“Individual Counseling”, California State University Channel Islands, accessed January 16, 2020,https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-counseling.htm

“Community Counseling”, QuinStreet, Inc. (NASDAQ:QNST), accessed January 16, 2020, www.allpscychologycareers.com/topics/community-counseling.html

“Individual and Group Counseling”, Another Choice, Another Chance, accessed January 17, 2020, https://acacsac.org/individual-and-group-counseling

“Organizational Counseling”, PLAYFAIR Consulting, accessed January 15, 2020, https://www.playfairconsulting.com/organizations

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Lesson 4 Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Counseling Counselors work in various setting settings from government to private sectors,

to civil society to school settings. They are trained to use a wide range of processes,

methods, and tools appropriate for the setting and relative to their specialty.

This module is specially made to help you learn the different settings where

counselors work.

To achieve the learning competencies of this module, you must:

1. Evaluate your prior knowledge about the topic by answering the Pre-Test honestly;

2. Do not worry if you are not sure about your answers; step by step you will be enhanced as you along your learning;

3. Take your time reading the lesson discussions carefully; 4. Follow the instructions in all activities and performance tasks given.

DIRECTIONS: Briefly tell what the statement has to do with a guidance counselor.

1. A picture of an ear

2. A picture of a closed mouth


1. identify the settings in which counselors are found (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-12-13)

What I Know

How to Learn from this Module

What I Need to Know

22

Lesson 4 Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Counseling Counselors work in various setting settings from government to private sectors,

to civil society to school settings. They are trained to use a wide range of processes,

methods, and tools appropriate for the setting and relative to their specialty.

This module is specially made to help you learn the different settings where

counselors work.

To achieve the learning competencies of this module, you must:

1. Evaluate your prior knowledge about the topic by answering the Pre-Test honestly;

2. Do not worry if you are not sure about your answers; step by step you will be enhanced as you along your learning;

3. Take your time reading the lesson discussions carefully; 4. Follow the instructions in all activities and performance tasks given.

DIRECTIONS: Briefly tell what the statement has to do with a guidance counselor.

1. A picture of an ear

2. A picture of a closed mouth


1. identify the settings in which counselors are found (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-12-13)

What I Know

How to Learn from this Module

What I Need to Know

3. A picture of friends

4. A picture of people "meeting "

DIFFERENT SETTINGS WHERE COUNSELORS WORK 1. Government Setting – government agencies that have counselling services

such as social welfare, correctional department, the court system, child and women affairs services, schools, military, police, hospitals, mental and foster homes, and rehabilitation centers are some of the government settings where counselors are found.

2. Private Sector Setting – independent providers of services or work for NGOs are among the range of counsellors in the private sector. The processes, methods and tools used by counsellors in the private setting remain exactly the same as in the government setting.

3. Civil Society Setting – charities or non-profit and issue-based centers or organizations such as for abused women, abandoned children and elderly, veterans, teachers, professionals, or religious groups comprises the civil society setting were counsellors are found.

4. School Setting – the role of guidance counselor in school setting is more complex since the needs of the students are varied. Moreover, guidance counselors assume many different responsibilities and tasks based on the particular needs of students and the school context.

5. Community Setting – the widest application of counseling services includes the community setting considering the diversity of people in the community.

ROLES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELOR Guidance counselors have to constantly develop and maintain an effective

school counseling program. Each program has a distinctive focus per cluster for students from K-12 keeping the guidance and counseling services. The following programs are the following:

1. The Role of the Elementary Guidance Counselor (K – 6)

The primary role of the elementary guidance counsellors includes; Intervention and prevention in connection to the common problems

mentioned that are likely to interfere with the ability of children to achieve their greatest academic, social, and personal potential (Ward & Worsham, 1998).

Address and remediate the student’s problems

What is It

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2. The Role of the Junior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 7 -10) The primary role of the junior high school counsellors includes:

Provide guidance and counseling in dealing with peer relationships and social interactions, as such, includes work with students, teachers, and parents in an attempt to aid each understand the other ( Ward & Worsham, 1998).

Offers general guidance services such as consulting with teachers, parents, and staff regarding meeting the developmental needs of each student.

Interpreting tests, and providing orientation to transferees and new students.

3. The Role of the Senior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 11-12)

The primary role of senior high school guidance counsellors is to provide guidance and counseling pertaining to educational and career decisions as well as college placement counseling.

Provide orientation activities for tranferres or new students to the school.

Self-development Activity:

Directions: Answer the following situation honestly.

1. The place where you spent your happiest summer vacation

2. The person who taught you important beliefs in your life

3. The year when you had a big trip

4. Three things you do well

Reflection Making: Answer the question honestly. 1. If you were to be a counselor, what setting would you choose? 2. Why would you choose it?

What’s More

What I Can Do

24

2. The Role of the Junior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 7 -10) The primary role of the junior high school counsellors includes:

Provide guidance and counseling in dealing with peer relationships and social interactions, as such, includes work with students, teachers, and parents in an attempt to aid each understand the other ( Ward & Worsham, 1998).

Offers general guidance services such as consulting with teachers, parents, and staff regarding meeting the developmental needs of each student.

Interpreting tests, and providing orientation to transferees and new students.

3. The Role of the Senior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 11-12)

The primary role of senior high school guidance counsellors is to provide guidance and counseling pertaining to educational and career decisions as well as college placement counseling.

Provide orientation activities for tranferres or new students to the school.

Self-development Activity:

Directions: Answer the following situation honestly.

1. The place where you spent your happiest summer vacation

2. The person who taught you important beliefs in your life

3. The year when you had a big trip

4. Three things you do well

Reflection Making: Answer the question honestly. 1. If you were to be a counselor, what setting would you choose? 2. Why would you choose it?

What’s More

What I Can Do

Lesson 5

Counseling Services, Process and Methods

Now that we know the scope of counseling, the person of the counselor and its accountability, let us proceed to the services, processes and methods of counseling.

A. IS IT TRUE? Directions: Read and understand the statements very carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if it is incorrect.

__________1. The counseling process is considered as art and science,

__________2. According to Nystul (2003) there are six steps in counseling process.

__________3. Research and Evaluation is that stage in counseling process that provides the basic foundation like establishing rapport.

__________4. Assessment and Diagnosis is that stage of counseling where goals are set which serve as the parameter of work and client-counselor relationship.

__________5. Intervention and Problem Solving is the next stage after Assessment and Diagnosis according to Nystul (2003)

Learning Competencies: 1. illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking counseling

(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-14) 2. distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities

(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-15)

What I Need to Know

What I Know

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B. MY BEST OPTION.

Directions: Read carefully the following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following theories is used in counseling process which was developed by Sigmund Freud?

A. psychoanalytic theory B. individual psychology C. analytic psychology D. experiential theory

2. Which theory focuses on here and now that refers to a dialogue between the therapist and the client?

A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

B. Perls Gestal Therapy

C. Carl Jung analytic psychology

D.Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling

3. According to Nystul (2003) a psychoanalytic counselor may utilize the following

methods/techniques except________,

A. free association B. dream analysis C. Interpretation D. Encouragement

4. Adlerian psychotherapy according to Nystul (2003) involves which of the following

phases?

A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship C. emphatic Understanding D. free association

5. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of the unconscious processes called __________.

A. emotional functioning B. psychological functioning

C. social functioning D. Spiritual functioning

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B. MY BEST OPTION.



A. psychoanalytic theory B. individual psychology C. analytic psychology D. experiential theory


A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

B. Perls Gestal Therapy

C. Carl Jung analytic psychology

D.Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling



A. free association B. dream analysis C. Interpretation D. Encouragement


phases?

A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship C. emphatic Understanding D. free association

5. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of the unconscious processes called __________.



PROCESSES IN COUNSELING

Counseling process is both considered an art and a science. As an art, it requires

the counselor to be sensitive to his clients. It needs excellent skills in listening and

ability of the counselor to demonstrate care and empathy. As a science, it requires the

use of scientific tools to obtain comprehension during the different stages of the

counseling process.

According Nystul (2003) there are six stages of the counseling process:

1. Stage 1- Relationship Building provides the force and foundation for the counseling. Here there is a need to establish rapport, promote acceptance of the client and promote relevant communication between the counselor and the counselee.

2. Stage 2- Assessment and Diagnosis offers appreciation of the client’s condition and analysis of the root causes of the problem. Data gathered will be the diagnosis.

3. Stage 3- Formulation of Counseling Goals sets the direction of the counseling process, its parameters of work and the client-counselor relationship. The client and counselor must agree on their goals.

4. Stage 4- Intervention and Problem Solving comprises of the counseling goals, strategies and intervention.

5. Stage 5- Termination and Follow- up progresses the client with the help of the counselor.

6. Stage 6- Research and Evaluation can be taken at any point of the counseling stage and provides scientific appreciation.

DRAW ME CLOSER

Directions: Illustrate the stages of counseling process stated above using a diagram/ graphic organizer.

Sample:

What’s New

What Is It

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METHODS IN COUNSELING

There are different approaches and theoretical categories used in counseling process. This includes psychoanalytical, affective, cognitive, and behavioral (Galding, 2000).

1. Classic Theories primed the underpinning of clinical practice.Most psychological theories which were developed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler are considered to be under the category of classic theories.

a. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory also known as psychoanalysis of the mind which involves the discussion on ID, Ego and Superego. According to Nystul (2003) a psychoanalytic counselor may use the following methods:

Free association encourages discussion to suppress emotion.

Dream analysis explores unconscious process using dreams.

Confrontation and Clarification uses feedback procedure to determine analysis.

Interpretation gives insights of the patient’s inner conflicts.

b. Adler’s Individual Psychology focuses on the role of recognition in psychological function. According to Nystul (2003) there are four phases of Adlerian Psychotheraphy

Establishing relationship

Performing Analysis and Assessment

Promoting Insight

Reorientation

c. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of unconscious processes in psychological functioning.

2. Experiential theories fall under affective which are concerned about generating emotions of the clients to effect change.

A. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling uses the “if and then” which considers certain conditions exist in the counseling relationship until the client reaches self-actualization.

B. Perls Gestalt Therapy centers on the approach on the here and now which refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client experience from the inside and the how the counselor observes from the outside.

3. Cognitive -Behavioral Theories highlights the task of cognition of thoughts, belief and internal behavior in person’s life.

a. Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

What’s New

28

METHODS IN COUNSELING

There are different approaches and theoretical categories used in counseling process. This includes psychoanalytical, affective, cognitive, and behavioral (Galding, 2000).

1. Classic Theories primed the underpinning of clinical practice.Most psychological theories which were developed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler are considered to be under the category of classic theories.

a. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory also known as psychoanalysis of the mind which involves the discussion on ID, Ego and Superego. According to Nystul (2003) a psychoanalytic counselor may use the following methods:

Free association encourages discussion to suppress emotion.

Dream analysis explores unconscious process using dreams.

Confrontation and Clarification uses feedback procedure to determine analysis.

Interpretation gives insights of the patient’s inner conflicts.

b. Adler’s Individual Psychology focuses on the role of recognition in psychological function. According to Nystul (2003) there are four phases of Adlerian Psychotheraphy

Establishing relationship

Performing Analysis and Assessment

Promoting Insight

Reorientation

c. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of unconscious processes in psychological functioning.

2. Experiential theories fall under affective which are concerned about generating emotions of the clients to effect change.

A. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling uses the “if and then” which considers certain conditions exist in the counseling relationship until the client reaches self-actualization.

B. Perls Gestalt Therapy centers on the approach on the here and now which refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client experience from the inside and the how the counselor observes from the outside.

3. Cognitive -Behavioral Theories highlights the task of cognition of thoughts, belief and internal behavior in person’s life.

a. Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

What’s New b. Beck’s Cognitive Theory c. Berne’s Transactional Analysis

First Three!

Directions: Choose any three of the theories discussed in this lesson and write your understanding about it.

Theory 1: ___________________

Understanding: ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Theory 2: ___________________

Understanding: ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Theory 3: ___________________

Understanding: ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Counseling is a very challenging profession. It does not only imply education but also skills and abilities. It is helping relationship that needs openness from the side of the counselee and compassion, empathy and objectivity from the counselor. Confidentiality is part and parcel in counseling session thus codes of ethics in counseling must be uphold. As a student, it is vital to know what is counseling and its process all about wherein human relationship is very important in no matter what profession one chooses it is essential to know how to help people in their great need.

What’s More

What’s I Have Learned

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Directions: Visit a school or any office nearby in your area where there is a counselor. Interview him/her about methods and tools used in the counseling process. Ask him/her on how to handle clients properly. Write your output in your notebook.

POST TEST

A. ENUMERATION Directions: List down the 6 stages of the counseling process suggested by Nystul (2003).

1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._____________ 6._____________

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE.



A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory B. Perls Gestal Therapy

C. Carl Jung analytic psychology D. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling


phases?

A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship

C. emphatic Understanding D. free association



A. free association B. dream analysis

C. Interpretation D. Encouragement

What’s I Can Do

30

Directions: Visit a school or any office nearby in your area where there is a counselor. Interview him/her about methods and tools used in the counseling process. Ask him/her on how to handle clients properly. Write your output in your notebook.

POST TEST

A. ENUMERATION Directions: List down the 6 stages of the counseling process suggested by Nystul (2003).

1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._____________ 6._____________

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE.



A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory B. Perls Gestal Therapy

C. Carl Jung analytic psychology D. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling


phases?

A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship

C. emphatic Understanding D. free association



A. free association B. dream analysis

C. Interpretation D. Encouragement

What’s I Can Do 4. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of the unconscious processes

called __________.




A. psychoanalytic theory B. individual psychology

C. analytic psychology D. experiential theory

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Answer Key

MODULE 2: LESSON 1

A. IDENTIFICATION 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. e 6. f 7. j 8. g 9. h 10. i.

B. ARRANGE ME! 1. Initial stage 2. Data gathering 3. Mutual goal setting 4. Working stage 5. Terminating stage 6. Follow-up

What is It (Answers May Vary)

Assessment (Answers May Vary)

MODULE 2: LESSON 2

What I Know

(Answers May Vary)



MODULE 2: LESSON 3

What I Know

(Answers may vary.)

32

Answer Key

MODULE 2: LESSON 1

A. IDENTIFICATION 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. e 6. f 7. j 8. g 9. h 10. i.

B. ARRANGE ME! 1. Initial stage 2. Data gathering 3. Mutual goal setting 4. Working stage 5. Terminating stage 6. Follow-up



MODULE 2: LESSON 2

What I Know

(Answers May Vary)



MODULE 2: LESSON 3

What I Know

(Answers may vary.)

Assessment

1. TRUE 2. Community counselor 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. Community 6. Individual 7. TRUE 8. Community 9. Group 10. TRUE

MODULE 2: LESSON 4

What I Know

(Answer may vary)

What’s More

(Answer may vary)

MODULE 2: LESSON 5

What do I know

A. True or False 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False

B. Multiple choice

1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B

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Assessment

A. Enumeration 1. Relationship building 2. Assessment and Diagnosis 3. Formulation of Counseling goals 4. Intervention and Problem Solving 5. Termination and Follow-up 6. Research and Evaluation

B. Multiple Choice

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A

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