principles that guide nursing klutsey ellen e. sonam uhas

PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING

KLUTSEY ELLEN E.SONAMUHAS


At the end of the lessons, students should be able to

List and explain at least two principles that guide nursing actions

Discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs and its relevance to nursing

Outline the nursing process and Plan care for a chosen patient using

the nursing process.


Man as a unique individual; maintaining the individuality of man

Every individual client is unique and needs to be treated as such. Even two patients with the same disease condition may differ in their needs. It is therefore necessary to avoid generalized nursing; care must tailored to meet the individual needs.

PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSINGMan as a living organism; maintaining

the physiological function of man.Man as a living organism, exhibits the

characteristics of living things; Respiration-(breath either normally or

through artificial means)Nutrition (maintain adequate nutrition

through the per os or through artificial means)

EliminationLocomotionResponse to stimuliReproduction


Man and his environment; protecting man from injury

The client must be protected from injury, internally and externally

External injuries include;Burns from hot water bottle, Fracture from fallsInjuries from proceduresCrush injury from cylinders etc.


Internal injuries may include:Overdose of drugsElevation of sugar levels above the

limitNosocomial infections etc.Emotional trauma

It means security, stability, protection and freedom from fear and anxiety.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow believed that there an

organism/human is constantly motivated to meet changing needs. These needs he ranked in order (hierarchy) with physiological needs first and the secondary needs ascending.


Self actualization needs

Self esteem needs

Love and belonging needs

Safety and security needs

Physiological needs


Physiological /basic needs are the physical needs inherent in all human beings; among them are the needs for oxygen, food, fluids, sleep and procreation.

The effect of the denial of these basic needs are so obvious and measurable; these needs must be met minimally for life to continue otherwise death ensues.


Safety NeedsSafety is both physiological and

psychological. It entails shelter, safe

environment/community.The financial security from job gives

both physical and psychological relieve. Freedom from separation, quarrelling, disorder, and a sense of loss; regular contact with people we trust and feel close to assures safety.


Love and Belonging NeedsOur feeling of security is reinforced when we

know where we stand in relation to others and who we are to them; this reflection of ourselves in the eyes of others as well as our ability to interpret other people’s selves to them is the essence of belongingness. Humans are social beings and need mutually meaningful relationships with other people.

For an infant, it may be love towards a mother-figure; for and adult, it may be devotion towards another or a group.


Self-esteem Needs Some level of self-esteem is achieved from the

feeling that we are valued by those around us; when people who matter to us express acceptance and approval toward us.

It also comes from within; our approval of ourselves based on our adequacy, performance and capacity in the various arenas of our lives.

Some people gain and maintain self-esteem by performing their jobs competently and contributing to the wellbeing of their families, professions and communities


Self Actualization NeedsSelf actualization refers to a sense

of fulfilment; to do in life with joy what one wants to do and is suited for.


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Setting Priorities.

The hierarchy can be used to used to prioritize nursing care of patients. E.g. when a person can breath more easily, he can then think about his job.

principles that guide nursing klutsey ellen e. sonam uhas

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