Principles of Principles of

Engineering System DesignEngineering System Design

Dr T Asokan

asok@iitm.ac.in

T Asokan

Dr T Asokanasok@iitm.ac.in044-2257 4707

TOOLS FOR ENABLING CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Tools for enabling Creative Development Processes- To remove barriers that obscure our collective imagination.

Development Teams

Team composition

Team Building and Evaluation

Planning

What

When

Where

How

Team work

Beyond the definition, there are a number of necessary characteristics that must exist to be an effective team.

Basics of Teams

A team may be defined as two or more persons engaged in a common goal, who are dependent on one another for results, and who have joint accountability for the outcome.

PRIDE Principles:

Purpose

Respect

Individuals

Discussions

Excellence

Mission Statement

Trust and Support

Enhance creativity through respecting individual differences

Communication and consensus

Strive for excellence

TEAM Roles

Team roles relate to the professional needs of the team.Beyond technical expertise, members of teams must also fulfill roles as general problem solvers and team players

•Administrator/ Reviewer•Trouble shooter/Inspector•Producer/Test Pilot•Manager/Coordinator•Conserver/critic•Expediter/Investigator•Conciliator/Performer•Mockup maker/Prototyper/modeler

• Visionary• Strategist• Need finder• Entrepreneur/Facilitator• Diplomat/orator• Simulator/Theoretician• Innovator• Director/programmer

It should be kept in mind that all persons perform all of these roles to some degree or other.

“It is easier to go to Mars or to the Moon than it is to penetrate one’s own being”- Carl Jung

Team Development

There are five stages in the development of a Team:• Forming: When the team is formed• Storming: When disagreements arise, team members get to

know each other, and relationships develop• Norming: When agreements are made, relationships mature

and conflicts are settled• Performing: When the team actually makes progress towards

the goal• Adjourning: When the task is finished and the team disbands

“It is easier to go to Mars or to the Moon than it is to penetrate one’s own being”- Carl Jung

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) is a simple measurement indicator of how people behave and contribute in a work environment.

It describes four categories to distinguish personality:

How a person is energized (Extraversion Vs Introversion),

What a person pays attention to (Sensory Vs INtuition),

How a person decides (Thinking Vs Feeling),

What kind of outlook on life a person adopts (Judgment Vs Perception).

For each category of type, a person is assumed to have an intrinsic preference for one of each pair over the other, thereby defining sixteen different personality types. ( Refer: Kevin Otto and Kristin Wood )

T Asokan ED309

 Extraverted Characteristics (E)Act first, think/reflect later Feel deprived when cutoff from interaction with the outside world Usually open to and motivated by outside world of people and things Enjoy wide variety and change in people relationships

Introverted Characteristics (I)Think/reflect first, then ActRegularly require an amount of "private time" to recharge batteriesMotivated internally, mind is sometimes so active it is "closed" to outside world Prefer one-to-one communication and relationships

 Sensing Characteristics (S)

Mentally live in the Now, attending to present opportunities Using common sense and creating practical solutions is automatic-instinctualMemory recall is rich in detail of facts and past eventsBest improvise from past experience Like clear and concrete information; dislike guessing when facts are "fuzzy“

Intuitive Characteristics (N)

Mentally live in the Future, attending to future possibilitiesUsing imagination and creating/inventing new possibilities is automatic-instinctualMemory recall emphasizes patterns, contexts, and connectionsBest improvise from theoretical understanding Comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data and with guessing its meaning.

 Thinking Characteristics (T)Instinctively search for facts and logic in a decision situation.Naturally notices tasks and work to be accomplished.Easily able to provide an objective and critical analysis.Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of relationships with people.

Feeling Characteristics (F)Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact on people in decision situationsNaturally sensitive to people needs and reactions. Naturally seek consensus and popular opinions.Unsettled by conflict; have almost a toxic reaction to disharmony.

 Judging Characteristics (J)• Plan many of the details in advance before moving into action.Focus on task-related action; complete meaningful segments before moving on.Work best and avoid stress when keep ahead of deadlines.Naturally use targets, dates and standard routines to manage life.

Perceiving Characteristics (P) Comfortable moving into action without a plan; plan on-the-go.Like to multitask, have variety, mix work and play.Naturally tolerant of time pressure; work best close to the deadlines.Instinctively avoid commitments which interfere with flexibility, freedom and variety

Summary of MBTI typesManner in which a person interacts with others

E Focuses outwardly on others, gains energy from others. Interacts with an initiation

Focuses inwardly, gains energy from ideas and concepts. Reactive interaction

I

Manner in which a person processes information

S Focus is on five senses and experience

Focus is on possibilities, future use, big picture and ideas

N

Manner in which a person evaluates information

T Focus is on objective facts and causes &effects

Focus is on subjective meaning and values

F

Manner in which a person comes to conclusions

J Focus is on timely, planned conclusions and decisions

Focus is on adaptive process of decision making

P

Sensing

Intuition

Thinking

Feeling

12:00-12:04

12:04-12:28

12:28-12:40

12:40-End

Sensing

Intuition

Thinking

Feeling

12:00-12:24

12:24-12:28

12:28-12:48

12:48-End

Implement solutions

AnalyseSolutions

Understandingproblem

Final solutions

MBTI can be effectively used for improving communications within the team. Besides motivating team discussions, it can be used to understand team roles and potential weaknesses that may exist in a team.

Sensing

Intuition

Thinking

Feeling

12:00-12:12

12:12-12:32

12:32-12:56

12:56-End

Most preferred to Least Preferred

Sensing

Intuition

Thinking

Feeling

12:00-12:24

12:12-12:28

12:32-12:40

12:40-End

Managerial uses of MBTI

• Do use the MBTI to:– Understand individual preferences– Improve communication– Resolve conflict– Improve team decision making

• Do NOT use MBTI to– Define skills, abilities or intelligence– Place value on one team member over another– Make assumptions about people

Team Building (Basic activities)

A business environment should encourage effective team work. There should exist a natural enthusiasm to work together, to support each team member, and to work cooperatively towards a common goal.

A variety of team building exercises may be created and implemented to create a successful team.

Any Team building activity should have the following characteristics:

• a clear goal or set of goals that are non-obvious (i.e., cannot be solved by inspection or previous knowledge)

• a task that requires team cooperation and leadership for success

• inherent risk for failure, at least partially• a task that is not part of the everyday job or actual

project. • a facilitator to help guide the team when a catalyst

is needed.• an independent observer that records the

performance and responses of the team, outside the “heat of the battle”.

• a forum to discuss the activity, analyzing successes and failures