principles in interviewing

7/28/2019 Principles in Interviewing

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Copyright 2008 Allyn & Bacon

Principles inInterviewing

1. Describe the nature/importance of the interview.

2. Identify appropriate interviewing goals.

3. Specify effective strategies for interview preparation.

4. Structure an interview to achieve your goals.

5. Develop appropriate interview questions.

6. Identify effective reactions to interviewee responses.7. Manage communication apprehension in dyads.

8CHAPTER

Chapter Objectives

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The InterviewThree primary characteristics of an interview:

Planned discourse

Dyadic discourse

Interactive discourse

Both Interviewer and interviewee should

minimize the following obstacles:

Competing demands

Ego threats

Lack of courtesy


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Situational Knowledge:Structuring the Interview

The Opening (Managing Impression Formation)

Evaluations are formed from limited external information.

First impressions are influenced by stereotypes. First impressions are initially based on physical

appearance.

Initial impressions do form a baseline of comparison.

Impressions consist of judgments on at least 3 levels:

Physical (age, gender, race)

Sociocultural (education level, occupation)

Psychological (temperament, moods, psychological

makeup)


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The BodyDirective Interview

The Interviewer controls the purpose, structure, and

pacing of the interview.

Nonscheduled Interview

The Interviewer prepares an interview guide that listspotential topics and subtopics.

Moderately Scheduled

The Interviewer prepares an interview guide that includes

all major questions, with possible probe questions.Highly Scheduled

The Interviewer prepares an interview schedule that

includes all questions and all answer options.


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The ClosingThree leave-taking functions:

Concluding

Summarizing

SupportingConsider the following closing techniques:

Offer to answer questions. Use clearing-house questions.

Declare the completion of the purpose. Tactfully signal that time is up. Express appreciation or satisfaction. Plan for the next meeting.


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Asking Effective Questions

Question the meaning of each inquiry by considering:ClarityRelevancePretestingFilter questioning

BiasNeutral questions

Provides no hint about expected responseDirected questions

Subtly or blatantly clues the respondent to the expected

responseCue is subtle; it is a leading question

You like technology dont you?Cue is blatant; it is a loaded question

Should smoking be banned in public places?


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Asking Effective QuestionsQuestion Form

Open/Closed Questions

Primary/Secondary

Primary questions introduce new topics or areas of

questioning Secondary questions develop topics already

introducedClarification EncouragementElaboration Mirror

Paraphrase SummaryQuestion Sequence

Funnel, Inverted Funnel, or Tunnel

Special Purpose (Quintamensional Plan)


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Responding and ProvidingFeedback

Five Categorizations:

Evaluative responses

Interpretative responses

Supportive responses

Probing responses

Understanding responses


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Anxiety ManagementA competent interviewer will follow these

guidelines:

Prepare in advance of the interview

Listen well to the interviewee.

Treat the interviewee as an equal.

Be personable, not personal.

Respond to nonverbal and verbal cues.

Show respect for the interviewee.


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