principle and application of microcomputer 微机原理与应用

Principle and Application of Microcomputer YSU

1 4CPU40042 8CPU8080316CPU80868088432CPU80386Pentium564CPUItanium

CPUI/OI/O ()

(Bit) 01(Byte) 8 (Word) 2(16)(DWord)4(32)(KB) 210(MB) 220

(Binary)Bb (Decimal)Dd (Hexadecimal)Hh

10000101B127122120133D

272625242322212010000101

0000B0H1000B8H0001B1H1001B9H0010B2H1010BAH0011B3H1011BBH0100B4H1100BCH0101B5H1101BDH0110B6H1110BEH0111B7H1111BFH

BCD ASCII

0 (2)(00000010B)

1 1 (2)(11111110B)

8

01111111B+1277FH01111110B+1267EH00000010B+202H00000001B+101H00000000B+000H11111111B-1FFH11111110B-2FEH10000001B-12781H10000000B-12880H

8

11111111B255FFH11111110B254FEH11111101B253FDH00000011B303H00000010B202H00000001B101H00000000B000H

16

0111111111111111B7FFFH+327670111111111111110B7FFEH+327660000000000000010B0002H+20000000000000001B0001H+10000000000000000B0000H+01111111111111111BFFFFH-11111111111111110BFFFEH-21000000000000001B8001H-327671000000000000000B8000H-32768

16

1111111111111111BFFFFH655351111111111111110BFFFEH655341111111111111101BFFFDH655330000000000000011B0003H30000000000000010B0002H20000000000000001B0001H10000000000000000B0000H0

(X) (Y)(X Y) (X) (Y)(X Y)

0+0=00+1=11+0=11+1=0 0-0=01-1=01-0=10-1=1

00101011B(+43)(43)+ 10011100B+ (-100)+ (156)11000111B(-57)(199)

BCDBinary Coded Decimal 8421BCD 8421BCD

8421BCD12DBCD00010010B

00000B50101B10001B60110B20010B70111B30011B81000B40100B91001B

8421BCD34DBCD0000001100000100B

000000000B500000101B100000001B600000110B200000010B700000111B300000011B800001000B400000100B900001001B

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 73494

ASCIIAZASCII41H5AH azASCII61H7AH 09ASCII30H39H ASCII0DH ASCII0AH

8086/8088 8086/8088

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

8086/8088BIU Bus Interface Unit CPU EU Execution Unit

112233

8086/8088AXBXCXDXSIDIBPSPIPFLAGSCSSSDSES

16(1)AX (Accumulator) BX(Base address) CX(Counter) DX(Data register)

16(2)SI (Source Index) DI(Destination Index) SP(Stack Pointer) BP(Base Pointer)

8416AXBXCXDX888 AHAL BHBL CHCL DHDL

IPIP(Instruction Pointer) IP

FLAGSFlag 16FLAGS

OFDFIFTFSFZFAFPFCF

CF(Carry Flag)CF10

01101000B10101011B+ 01000000B+ 11111111B10101000B10101010BCF=0CF=1

PF(Parity Flag)8lPF10

01101000B10101011B+ 01000000B+ 11111111B10101000B10101010BPF=0PF=1

AF(Auxitiary Carry Flag)D3D4AF10

01101000B10101011B+ 01000000B+ 11111111B10101000B10101010BAF=0AF=1

ZF(Zero Flag)0ZF1ZF0

01101000B00010000B+ 01000000B+ 11110000B10101000B00000000BZF=0ZF=1

SF(Sign Flag)1SF1SF0

00101000B10101011B+ 01000000B+ 11111111B01101000B10101010BSF=0SF=1

OF(Overflow Flag)OF10

01101000B(+104)10101011B(-85)+01000000B+ (+64)+11111111B+ (-1)10101000B(-88)10101010B(-86)OF=1OF=0

TF(Trap Flag)TF1CPUTF0CPU

IF(Interrupt enable Flag)CPU IF1IF0

DF(Direction Flag) DF0 DF1

8086/8088 8086/808820 2201MB 00000HFFFFFH [00002H]34H

24 [00002H]1234H [00002H]34H [00003H]12H

8086/80881MB64KB ()20 16

160H16(CS,DS,ES,SS)

64KB16

12340H67H1234H:0000H12341H67H1234H:0001H12342H67H1234H:0002H12343H67H1234H:0003H12344H67H1234H:0004H67H2233EH67H1234H:FFFEH2233FH67H1234H:FFFFH

10H + B821H4567H BC777H

Code Segment CS IP

Data Segment DS

Extra Segment ES

Stack Segment(Stack) SS SP

.MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA MESSAGE DB HELLOWORLD$ .CODE .STARTUP MOV AH09H MOV DXOFFSET MESSAGE INT 21H .EXIT END

MOV AH0B9H

8086/8088()

(Immediate) (Register) (Memory)

(imm) 8(i8)16(i16) MOV AX1234H 1234H

(reg)CPU8(r8)16(r16) MOV AXBX AXBX

(mem)DS MOV AH[2000H]DS=1492H[16920H]=12H [2000H]AH=12H

MOV AX1234H 1234H AX=1234HAH=12HAL=34H

MOV AXBX AXBX AXBX BX

DS DS=ES=1492H[16920H]=12H[16921H]=34HMOV AH [2000H]AH=12HMOV AXES:[2000H]AX=3412H

WVAR DW 3412HWVAR2000H MOV AX[2000H]AX=3412H MOV AX[WVAR] AX=3412H MOV AX WVAR

31_$?@

DB Define Byte DW Define Word DD Define Double Word

X DB 12H 34H 56H 78H Y DW 1122H 3344H Z DD 1A2B3C4DH ? MOV ALX+1 AL=34H MOV BXY BX=1122H MOV CXWORD PTR ZCX=3C4DH

X12HZ4DHX+134H3CHX+256HZ+22BHX+378H1AHY22HZ+400H11H00HY+244HZ+600H33H00H

X DB 12H 34H 56H 78H MOV ALX ALX12H MOV BXOFFSET X BXX MOV DXSEG X DXX

BX/BP/SI/DIBPSS DS DS=1492HES=1492HBX=2000H[16920H]=12HMOV AL [BX]AL=12HMOV DHES:[BX]DH=12H

X DB 12H 34H MOV BXOFFSET X MOV AL[BX] AL=12H INC BX BX1 MOV AH[BX] AH=34H

(BX/BP/SI/DI)816 DS=ES=1492HSI=2000H[16926H]=12HMOV AL [SI+06H]AL=12HMOV DHES:[SI+06H]DH=12H

X DB 12H 34H MOV BX0 MOV ALX[BX] AL=12H INC BX BX1 MOV AHX[BX] AH=34H

(BXBP)(SIDI) DS=1492HBX=2000HSI=06H[16926H]=12HMOV AL[BXSI]AL=12H

(BXBP)(SIDI)816 DS=1492HBX=2000HDI=04H[16926H]=12HMOV AL[BXDI+02H]AL=12H

8086/8088

(1)i8 8i1616 immi8i16 r8 8r1616 regr8r16 segCSDSESSS

(2)m8 8 m1616 memm8m16 dest src

MOVMOV reg/memimm MOV reg/mem/segreg () MOV reg/segmem ()MOV reg/memseg

MOV(1) MOV AXBH MOV 2000AX WV1WV2 MOV WV1WV2

MOV(2)CS MOV CSAX IP MOV AXIP

MOV(3) MOV DSES MOV DS2000H

MOVWV2WV1 ESDS DS2000H

MOVMOV AXWV2 MOV WV1AX MOV AXES MOV DSAX MOV AX2000H MOV DSAX

XCHG(exchange)XCHG regreg/memXCHG reg/memreg MOV AX1234HAH=12HAL=34H XCHG AHAL AH=34HAL=12H

XCHGAB A DW 1234H B DW 5678H

XCHG1 MOV AXB XCHG AXA MOV BAX2 MOV AXA MOV BXB MOV ABX MOV BAX

XLATXLAT () BX AL XLATAL

ASCIITABLE1 DB 30H,31H,32H,33H,34H,35H, \ 36H,37H,38H,39H,41H,42H,43H,44H,45H,46H MOV BXOFFSET TABLE1 MOV AL04H XLAT AL=34H

Stack SS SP

PUSH r16/m16/seg SP=SP-2 SS:SP=r16/m16/seg POP r16/m16/seg r16/m16/seg=SS:SP SP=SP+2

MOV AX1234H MOV BX5678H PUSH AX PUSH BX POP CX POP DX

16 SPSS:SP

PUSHPOP CALLRET INT

AB PUSH A PUSH B POP A POP B

(1)CLC CF=0 Clear Carry FlagSTC CF=1 Set Carry Flag CMC CF Complement Carry Flag

(2)CLD DF=0 STD DF=1 CLI IF=0 STI IF=1

(3)PUSHF SP=SP-2SS:SP=FLAGS POPF FLAGS=SS:SPSP=SP+2

LEA(Load Effective Address)LEA r16memr16=mem LEA BX[SI+06H]SI=1000HBX=1006H

LEAWVAR DW 1234H0001H MOV BXWVAR BX=1234H LEA SIWVAR SI=0001H MOV DX[SI] DX=1234H

ADD destsrcdest=dest+src SUB destsrcdest=dest-src

ADD(Addition)ADD reg imm/reg/mem ADD mem imm/reg 6

SUB(Subtraction)SUB reg imm/reg/mem SUB mem imm/reg 6

MOV ADD ()CLC ()MUL

MOV AH96H ADD AH78H ADD AH78HAH=0EH CF=1PF=0AF=0 ZF=0SF=0OF=0AH=86H CF=0PF=0AF=1 ZF=0SF=1OF=1

/ADC destsrcdest=dest+src+CF SBB destsrcdest=dest-src-CF

ADC(Add with Carry)ADC reg imm/reg/mem ADC mem imm/reg 6

SBB(Subtract with Borrow)SBB reg imm/reg/mem SBB mem imm/reg 6

ADCADCADD 16(ADD) (ADC)

SBBSBBSUB 16(SUB) (SBB)

/X DD 12345678H Y DD 9ABCDEF0H MOV AXWORD PTR X ADD AXWORD PTR Y MOV DXWORD PTR X+2 ADC DXWORD PTR Y+2

CMP(Compare)CMP destsrcdest-src 6 CMP CMP

ZF=1ZF=0 CF=1CF=0 OFSFOF=SF

INC(Increment)INC reg/memreg/mem=reg/mem+1 CF

DEC(Decrement)DEC reg/memreg/mem=reg/mem-1 CF

NEG(Negate)NEG reg/memreg/mem=0-reg/mem 6 12832768OF1 CF=10

MUL(Multiplication)MUL r8/m8 AX=ALr8/m8 MUL r16/m16DX.AX=AXr16/m16

IMUL(Integer Multiply)IMUL r8/m8 AX=ALr8/m8 IMUL r16/m16DX.AX=AXr16/m16

OFCF AH=00H(8)DX=0000H(16)OF=CF=01 OF=CF=01

DIV(Division)DIV r8/m8 AL=AXsrc AH=AXsrc DIV r16/m16AX=DX.AXsrc DX=DX.AXsrc

IDIV(Integer Division)IDIV r8/m8 AL=AXsrc AH=AXsrc IDIV r16/m16AX=DX.AXsrc DX=DX.AXsrc

(XY+125)ZXYZ16XY

MOV AXX IMUL Y ADD AX125 ADC DX0 IDIV Z MOV XAX MOV YDX

CBW(Convert Byte to Word)CBWALAX AL0AH=00H AL1AH=FFH

CWD(Convert Word to Dword)CWDAXDX.AX AX0DX=0000H AX1DX=FFFFH

AND destsrcdest=dest srcOR destsrcdest=dest srcXOR destsrcdest=dest srcTEST destsrcdest srcNOT reg/mem reg/mem=reg/mem

OF=CF=0 SFZFPFAF NOT

00 1

0011 0 1 0 10001

11 0

0011 0 1 0 10111

10

0011 0 1 0 10110

AL1AX0CF0ALD7~D4D3~D0AL0~9ASCIIALASCIIALASCII

OR AL80HAL1XOR AXAX AX0CF0XOR AL0FHD7~D4D3~D0OR AL30H0~9ASCIIAND AL5FHASCIIOR AL20HASCII

SHL(Shift Logic Left)SHL reg/mem1/CLreg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BSHL AL1 AL=01111100BCF=1

SHR(Shift Logic Right)SHR reg/mem1/CLreg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BSHR AL1 AL=01011111BCF=0

SAL(Shift Arithmetic Left)SAL reg/mem1/CLreg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BSAL AL1 AL=01111100BCF=1

SAR(Shift Arithmetic Right)SAR reg/mem1/CLreg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BSAR AL1 AL=11011111BCF=0

/CF SFZFPFAF 1OF=1OF=01OF

ROL(Rotate Left)ROL reg/mem1/CL1/CL MOV AL10111110BROL AL1 AL=01111101BCF=1

ROR(Rotate Right)ROR reg/mem1/CL1/CL MOV AL10111110BROR AL1 AL=01011111BCF=0

RCL(Rotate through CF Left)RCL reg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BCF=0RCL AL1 AL=01111100BCF=1

RCR(Rotate through CF Right)RCR reg/mem1/CL MOV AL10111110BCF=1RCR AL1 AL=11011111BCF=0

CF SFZFPFAF 1OF=1OF=01OF

AL10AX ASCIIBCD ASCII DB 33H38H BCD DB ?

SHL2SHR2 XOR AH, AH ; AH0 SHL AX, 1 ; AX = AL * 2 MOV BX, AX ; BX = AL * 2 SHL AX, 1 ; AX = AL * 4 SHL AX, 1 ; AX = AL * 8 ADD AX, BX ; AX = AL * 10

ASCIIBCDASCII DB 33H38HBCD DB ?

MOV AL, ASCII AL = 33HAND AL, 0FH AL = 03HMOV AH, ASCII+1 AH = 38H MOV CL, 4SHL AH, CL AH = 80HOR AL, AH AL = 83H MOV BCD, AL

CS:IPIP IPCS

CSIP CSIP

(Near) 32KB (Short) 127128

(Far) 1MB

IP (IP)IP

(CSIP)

JMP(Jump)JMP LABEL NEXTMOV AXBX JMP NEXT

LABELLABEL LABEL

JMPJMP LABEL JMP r16/m16

JMPJMP FAR PTR LABEL JMP FAR PTR mem

Jcc Jcc LABEL LABEL

Conditioncc16

cc(1)

JZ/JEZF=1Zero/EqualJNZ/JNEZF=0Not Zero/Not EqualJSSF=1SignJNSSF=0Not SignJP/JPEPF=1Parity/Parity EvenJNP/JPOPF=0Not Parity/Parity Odd

cc(2)

JOOF=1OverflowJNOOF=0Not OverflowJCCF=1CarryJNCCF=0Not Carry

cc

JB/JNAECF=1Below/Not Above or EqualJNB/JAECF=0Not Below/Above or EqualJBE/JNACF=1ZF=1Below or Equal/Not AboveJNBE/JACF=0ZF=0Not Below or Equal/Above

cc

JL/JNGESFOFLess/Not Greater or EqualJNL/JGESF=OFNot Less/Greater or EqualJLE/JNGSFOFZF=1Less or Equal/Not GreaterJNLE/JGSF=OFZF=0Not Less or Equal/Greater

CMP AL0 JGE NEXT NEXT NEG AL NEXT:

CBW CBW AX

CBW1 MOV AL, BVAR; TEST AL, 80H ; JZ NEXT ;0NEXT MOV AH, 0FFH;1AH=FFH JMP DONE ;NEXT:MOV AH, 0 ;0DONE:

CBW2 MOV ALBVAR; CMP AL0 ;0 JNS NEXT ;0NEXT MOV AH0FFH;1AH=FFH JMP DONE ;NEXT:MOV AH0 ;0DONE:

AX MOV AXV1 ;V1 CMP AXV2 ;V2 JBE NEXT ;V1

LOOPLOOP LABEL CX=CX-1,CX0 LOOPCX LABEL (128)~(127)

LOOPE LABEL CX=CX-1,CX0ZF=1 LOOPNE LABEL CX=CX-1,CX0ZF=0 JCXZ LABEL CX=0,

ARRAYSUM ARRAY DB 12H34H56H78H SUM DB ?

MOV CX,4 JCXZ DONE ;0 XOR AX,AX ;0 MOV BX,AX ;0AGAIN:ADD AL,ARRAY[BX] ; INC BX LOOP AGAINDONE: MOV SUM,AL ;

() CALL () RET

CALLCALL LABEL CALL FAR PTR LABEL LABEL

CALLCALL r16/m16 CALL FAR PTR mem

CALLCALL CALLCSIP

RETRET RET i16SP=SP+i16 RET

RETCALLRET RETCSIPSP

PROC [NEAR/FAR] ; ENDP

(Interrupt)CPU()

8086/8088CPU256 00000H~003FFH

003FFH255CS003FEH003FDH255IP003FCH00003H0CS00002H00001H0IP00000H

INT i8 i8 IRET INTO

DOSMS-DOS 1AH23INT 21H4

01AH=01H AL=ASCII ASCIIAL

01MOV AH01H INT 21H

02AH=02H DL=ASCII DL (08H)(0DH)(0AH)

02MOV AH02H MOV DL41H INT 21H

09AH=09H DS:DX= DS:DX$$

09MSG DB HELLO!0DH0AH$ MOV AH09H MOV DXOFFSET MSG INT 21H

0AHAH=0AH DS:DX= DS:DX

0AHBUFFER DB 2550255 DUP(0) MOV AH0AH MOV DXOFFSET BUFFER INT 21H

4CHAH=4CH AL=DOS DOS

4CHMOV AH4CH MOV AL00H INT 21H

BL216 16ASCII

.MODEL TINY .STACK .CODE .STARTUP MOV BL, 34H CALL DISPLAY .EXIT

-1DISPLAY PROC MOV DL, BL MOV CL, 4 SHR DL,CL CALL HTOASC MOV DL, BL AND DL, 0FH CALL HTOASC RETDSPLAY ENDP

-2HTOASC PROC ADD DL, 30H CMP DL, 39H JBE NEXT ADD DL, 07HNEXT: MOV AH, 02H INT 21H RETHTOASC ENDP END

8086/8088 8086/8088

() NEXTMOV AX1234H 1234H

X1 DB 12H34H56H

31_$?@

MASM \

.MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA .CODE .STARTUP .EXIT END

TINYSMALLCOMPACTMEDIUMLARGEHUGEFLAT

TINY 64KB SMALL 64KB

.STACK [] STACK @STACK 1KB

.DATA _DATA @DATA

.CODE [] _TEXT @CODE

.STARTUPDS .STARTUP STARTMOV AX@DATA MOV DSAX START

.EXIT .EXIT4CHDOS MOV AH4CH INT 21H

END END END END END START

MOV AX1234H ADD AL-77 CMP AH10010001B

ASCII 'd'= 64H'AB'= 4142H MOV AL 'A' MOV AL 41H

EQU EQU EQU

COUNT EQU 100 DOSCALL EQU MOV CXCOUNT MOV CX100 MOV AH 01H DOSCALL INT 21H

(1)+*/MOD ANDORXORNOT

(2)SHLSHR SHL/SHR EQNEGTLTGELE FFFFH 0000H

ADD AX100*4+2 ADD AX402 OR AL3 AND 47H OR AL3 MOV AX1024 SHR 4 MOV AX40H MOV AX1234H GT 1024HMOV AX0FFFFH

DB DW DD DF 3 DQ 4 DT 10

DUP DUP () X1 DB 3 DUP (12H) X1 DB 12H12H12H

ORG EVEN ALIGN n n $

BYTE/WORD/DWORD (/)NEAR/FAR

OFFSET / SEG /

1 PTR / / THIS BYTE/WORD/DWORDNEAR/FAR

PTRVARW DW 1234H MOV AXWORD PTR VARW AX=1234H MOV BLBYTE PTR VARW BL=34H MOV BHBYTE PTR VARW+1BH=12H MOV WORD PTR [BX]1 MOV BYTE PTR [BX]1

THISMYBYTE EQU THIS BYTE MYWORD DW 1234H MOV AX MYWORD AX=1234H MOV BL MYBYTE BL=34H MYWORD DW 1234H MYBYTE1 EQU BYTE PTR MYWORD MYBYTE2 EQU BYTE PTR MYWORD+1

2TYPE / / //1/2/4 //FF01H/FF02H/FF05H LENGTHOF SIZEOF

TYPE/LENGTHOF/SIZEOFVARW DW 1234H5678H VARD DD 12345678H BUFF DB HELLO MOV AXTYPE VARW AX=2 MOV BXLENGTHOF VARDBX=1 MOV CXSIZEOF BUFF CX=5

Hello! .MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA MESSAGE DB HELLO0DH0AH$ .CODE .STARTUP MOV AH09H MOV DXOFFSET MESSAGE INT 21H .EXIT END

1.MODEL SMALL.STACK.DATA A1 DW 9676H B1 DW 6769H E1 DB A>B, $ E2 DB A

2.CODE.STARTUP MOV AX,A1 L1: MOV DX,OFFSET E3 CMP AX,B1 JMP L3 JB L2 L2: MOV DX,OFFSET E2 JZ L1 L3: MOV AH,9 MOV DX,OFFSET E1 INT 21H JMP L3 .EXIT END

DOWHILEDOUNTIL

1 .MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA W1 DW 533,0A6H,77,A,20,-1 A1 DW ? B1 DW ?

2 .CODE .STARTUP MOV CX,5 JAE L3 LEA BX,W1 MOV DX,[BX+2] MOV AX,[BX] L3: ADD BX,2 MOV DX,[BX] LOOP L1L1: CMP AX,[BX+2] MOV A1,AX JBE L2 MOV B1,DX MOV AX,[BX+2] .EXITL2: CMP DX,[BX+2] END

1 .MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA S1 DB 'Let us have a try !$' .CODE .STARTUP MOV DX, OFFSET S1 MOV DI, OFFSET S1

2L1: MOV AL,[DI] MOV BH,[SI] CMP AL,'$' CMP BH,'$' JZ L4 JNZ L2 CMP AL,20H JMP L1 JNZ L3 L3: INC DI MOV SI,DI JMP L1 L2: INC SI L4: MOV AH,09 MOV AH,[SI] INT 21H MOV [SI-1],AH .EXIT END

CALL RET RET

CALLIP(CS:IP)CALL ()CALL ()IP(CS:IP)RET

CALL RET

PUSHPOP

A1 .MODEL SMALL .STACK .DATA W1 DW 100 DUP (10) W3 DW ? .CODE .STARTUP LEA BX,W1 MOV CX,LENGTHOF W1 CALL P1 MOV W3,AX .EXIT

A2 P1 PROC NEAR PUSH BX PUSH CX MOV AX,0 L1: ADD AX,[BX] ADD BX,2 LOOP L1 POP CX POP BX RET P1 ENDP END

8088 8088

1AD7AD0Address/Data /8A7A08D7D0

2A15A8Address 8 208A15A8

3A19/S6A16/S3Address/Status /4A19A16S6S3

1ALEAddress Latch Enable ALEAD7AD0A19/S6A16/S3ALE

1INTRInterrupt Request CPUCLIFLAGSIF

3NMINon-Maskable Interrupt CPUINTRCPU

1RESET 8088CSFFFFHIP0000H

2CLKClock CPU80885MHzIBM PC/XT80884.77MHz210ns

3VccCPU5V GNDCPU

8088 8088

RAM(Random Access Memory) ROM(Read Only Memory)

RAMRAM(Static RAM) RAM(Dynamic RAM) MOS

ROMEPROM(Erasable Programmable ROM) EEPROM(Electrically EPROM) (Flash Memory) EEPROM

1()() 2MN MN

SRAM2114

SRAM6264

DRAM4116

DRAM2164

EPROM2716

EPROM2764

EEPROM2817A

EEPROM2864A

8 8 8 () 8

00000H07FFFH0

74LS13874LS138

E3 E2 E1C B AY7 Y01 0 00 0 0111111100 0 1111111010 1 0111110110 1 1111101111 0 0111011111 0 1110111111 1 0101111111 1 101111111 11111111

2

A19 A15A14 A12A11A01234101010100 0 00 0 10 1 00 1 10101010120000H20FFFH21000H21FFFH22000H22FFFH23000H23FFFH

I/OCPUI/O I /O

I/O

I/O CPUI/O

I/O CPUCPU CPU

I/OCPUCPU

I/OI/O

I/OI/O I/O8086/8088 I/O M6800

I/OI/OI/OI/O

ININ ALi8;IN ALDX; IN AXi8;IN AXDX;

OUTOUT i8AL;OUT DXAL; OUT i8AX;OUT DXAX;

8086/8088I/O8086/8088I/O I/O I/O 16 21665536 0000H~FFFFH

8086/8088I/O00H~FFH256i8 64K DX FFH

8086/8088I/OALAX ALAHALAH

CPU LED

INMOV DX8000HIN ALDXMOV BUFINAL OUTMOV ALBUFOUTMOV DX8000HOUT DXAL

MOV DX,8000H;DXS1:IN AL,DX ; TEST AL,01H ;D0 JZ S1 ;D0=0 INC DX ;D0=1DX IN AL,DX ;

MOV DX,8000H ;DXS1:IN AL,DX ; TEST AL,80H ;D7 JNZ S1 ;D7=1 INC DX ;D7=0DX MOV AL,BUF ;BUFAL OUT DX,AL ;

CPU CPU

8088 0 4 1 NMI2 INTR

8088FLAGSIF=0TF=0CS:IPCS:IPFLAGS

82538253 8253 8253

82538253316 012

8253

CS A1 A0PC0 0 00040H0 0 11141H0 1 02242H0 1 143H

8253

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0 00:0 01:1 10:2 11:00: 01: 10: 11: 000:0 001:1 *10:2 *11:3 100:4 101:50: 1:BCD

8253 0000HFFFFH BCD() 0000H9999H

8253[]110

82530

WR3

CLK

GATE

OUT3210

82530825304H07H 10 880H MOV AL50H OUT 07HAL MOV AL80H OUT 05HAL

82531

WR3

CLK

GATE

OUT3210

82531825304H07H 01 BCD3000 MOV AL23H OUT 07HAL MOV AL30H OUT 04HAL

82532

WR3

CLK

GATE

OUT3213213

82532825304H07H 221234H MOV AL84H OUT 07HAL MOV AL34H OUT 06HAL MOV AL12H OUT 06HAL

82533

WR4

CLK

GATE

OUT43214321

82534

WR3

CLK

GATE

OUT3210

82535

WR3

CLK

GATE

OUT3210

PC82530CLK01.19318MHz MOV AL36H OUT 43HAL MOV AL0 OUT 40HAL OUT 40HAL

PC82531CLK11.19318MHz MOV AL54H OUT 43HAL MOV AL12H OUT 41HAL

PC82532CLK21.19318MHz MOV AL0B6H OUT 43HAL MOV AL33H OUT 42HAL MOV AL05H OUT 42HAL

8253 8253 8253

81632 81632

82558255 3(ABC) 24 3 0 1 2

8255APA0PA70/1/2 BPB0PB70/1 CPC0PC70

8255

CS A1 A0PC0 0 0AA60H0 0 1BB61H0 1 0CC62H0 1 163H1 * *

8255

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D01 A A I/O C 4 I/O B B I/O C 4 I/O100:0 01:1 1*:20:1:0:1:0:0 1:10:1:0:1:

8255A1B0 C44 10110001B0B1H MOV DX,0FFFEH;0FFFEHMOV AL,0B1H;OUT DX,AL;

8255PCA0 B0 C0 MOV AL ,99H;OUT 63H,AL;

C/

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D00 0***000:PC0 100:PC4 001:PC1 101:PC5 010:PC2 110:PC6 011:PC3 111:PC70:1:

82552MOV DX,0FFFEH;MOV AL,10000001B;OUT DX,ALMOV AL,00001111BOUT DX,AL;PC71

82553PRNCPROCPUSH AXPUSH DXPRN: MOV DX,0FFFCH;CIN AL,DX;AND AL,04H;(PC20?)JNZ PRN;PC21MOV DX,0FFF8H;PC20MOV AL,AHOUT DX,AL;

82554MOV DX,0FFFEH;MOV AL,00001110B;PC70OUT DX,ALNOPMOV AL,00001111B;PC71OUT DX,ALPOP DXPOP AXRETPRNCENDP

7LEDLEDLED

LED DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,\ 80H,90H,88H,83H,0C6H,0C1H,86H,8EH MOV BX,1 ; BXMOV AL,LED[BX] ; ALLED[BX]MOV DX,PORT ; OUT DX,AL ;

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principle and application of microcomputer 微 机 原 理 与 应 用

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principle and application of microcomputer 微机原理与应用