prevention (marine safety) department navigation system division all about buoys all about buoys
TRANSCRIPT
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Prevention(Marine Safety)
DepartmentNavigation
SystemDivision
ALL ABOUT ALL ABOUT BUOYSBUOYS
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Buoys and Appendages
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Objectives
1 Identification of buoys.
2 Familiarization with buoy appendages.
3 Identification of buoy moorings.
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Buoy Classifications
The two major classes of buoys used in the Coast Guard are Ocean Buoys and River Buoys.
Ocean Buoys consist of unlighted cans, nuns, and spheres, as well as sound buoys and standard lighted buoys. Standard lighted buoys are designated by IALA as pillar buoys.
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Buoy Classification
River buoys consist of unlighted cans and nuns with specially designed fins and counterweights.
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Pillar Buoys Cage or tower type pillar buoys are
classified according to:
Diameter and Length The diameter is the measured distance across
the buoy body
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Pillar Buoys
The length is measured from the base of the buoy to the focal plane of the lantern
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Cans and Nuns
There are six classes of cans and nuns (1-6) that vary according to size; class one being the largest and class six the smallest.
12 3 4 5 6
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Lighted and Unlighted Buoys
Letter Designations are used to
describe: SHAPE MATERIAL that the buoy is made of. Special DESIGN. CHARACTERISTIC. PURPOSE of the buoy.
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Letter Designations N for Nun C for Can P for Plastic F for Foam S for Special T for Tall I for Ice
H for Horn G for Gong W for Whistle B for Bell L for Lighted R for Radar Reflective FW for Fast Water
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Serial Numbers All buoys have serial numbers for
record keeping.
8W-92-31-UM6- 44-212CR- 87-08-CG
5F- 95-08-GC 9- 89-06-OG
7I -81-06-AS
3CI-85-429- 42-21
1CR-52-233-68-15
10-36-02 S
4NF-95-255-71-02
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Serial Numbers - Pillar Buoys
Buoy diameter, year built, sequential number and manufacturer's code.
–8 means the buoy is eight foot in diameter.
–93 is the year built.
–06 means it was the sixth buoy built.
–XX is the manufacturer’s code.
8-93-06-XX
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Serial Numbers - Unlighted Buoys
The serial number for unlighted steel buoys (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th class) and foam buoys (2nd and 3rd class) include:
– The buoy class.
– The year built.
– Sequential number.
– Manufacturer’s code.
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Serial Numbers - Unlighted Buoys
2CR-93-06-XX– 2 means it is a 2nd class
– C means it is a can shape
– R means it is Radar Reflective
– 93 is the year it was built
– 06 means it was the sixth one built.
– XX is the manufacturer’s code.
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Serial Numbers - Plastic Buoys
Plastic unlighted buoys and lighted plastic discrepancy buoy serial numbers include year built and the manufacturer’s code.
5CPR-93-XX
Is a 5th class can, made of Plastic with a Radar Reflector, built in 1993 by manufacturer XX.
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Serial Numbers - Unlighted Buoys
Foam buoys (4th, 5th, and 6th class) and fast water foam buoys are marked with the buoy class, the year built, and the manufacturer’s code
4CFR-93-XX Is a 4th class can, made of Foam with a
Radar Reflector, manufactured in 1993 by
contractor XX.
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River Buoys There are three main components that
make up the design of a River Buoy.– Top - This will take the shape of a
can or nun.– Body - Is designed to shed debris
and is filled with polyurethane foam.– Counterweight Fin - Has multiple
mooring eyes and assists the buoy in remaining vertical in a variety of fast water situations.
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Buoy Nomenclature - Unlighted
There are two types of cans and nuns--Radar reflective and non-radar reflective. – When a radar reflector is added to the buoy , it
takes the shape of either a can or nun
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Buoy Nomenclature - Pillar
There are four main components that make up the design of a pillar buoy.
Buoy tower or cage: The structure that is mounted to the buoy body and contains the signal system and identification markings of the buoy.
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Buoy Nomenclature Buoy Body: The floating platform to
which all else is attached.
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Battery Pockets
Battery Pockets:
Hollow watertight tubes built into the buoy body that hold the batteries.
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Counterweight The weight attached to
the base of the buoy body. It is designed to lower the buoy center of gravity, and allow the buoy to float in an upright position.
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Lantern Lantern GuardRing
RadarReflectors
Tower Braces
Tower LegsBattery Pockets
Lifting Padeye
Buoy Body
Mooring PadeyeGussets
Chafe BlockBuoy Tube
Counterweight
Buoy Top Head
Bottom Head
Counterweight Seat
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Vent System The batteries used in lighted buoys
require a continuous means of airflow.
Primary batteries require oxygen from the air to operate.
While secondary (solar) batteries must vent flammable hydrogen gasses.
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Vent System Vent Valve
Vent Line
Cross OverTube
Check the vent lines and valves on these older hulls even when they are equipped with new self-contained LED lamps.
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Vent Valve
Reducer
Valve Body
Upper ValveBall
Lower Valve Ball
Designed to seal when the buoy heels over 30º or is submerged.
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Battery Box There are single
and double battery boxes.
A vent valve must be installed.
They may be painted the color of the buoy
No air test is required.
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Sound Systems
There are three main types of wave actuated sound signals:
Whistle
Bell
Gong
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Whistle Whistle is made
of cast bronze and is mounted inside the cage.
As air is forced through the whistle it makes the familiar drone sound.
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BELLS Bells used on
lighted and unlighted buoys and are made of a copper-silicon alloy.
External tappers impact the fixed bell when wave motion causes the buoy to roll.
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GONGS Gongs are used on lighted
and unlighted buoys and are made of a copper-silicon alloy.
External tappers impact the fixed gongs when then buoy rolls.
The gongs emit a different tone when struck thus distinguishing them from a bell.
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TAPPERS Tappers swing on hinges and strike a
bell or a gong.
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1962 Type Tappers
This type uses a stainless steel pin hinge and is similar to the standard adjustable tapper. (Non-Standard)
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1975 Type Tapper
This type tapper is a modification of the 1962 type. The tapper balls come in various sizes and have been designed to minimize vibration. (Standard)
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The Future of Sounding Aids
The use of electronic charting systems will reduce
the need for sounding signals in the future.
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Buoy Moorings
Buoy chain connects the buoy to the sinker.
The bridle distributes the load and minimizes the heel angle caused by the chain.
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Sinkers Sinkers are used to hold buoys in
position. There are two types that we use.– Concrete– Dor-mor
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SinkersConcrete - These are cheap, easy to make
and easy to retrieve for an inspection.– When made, they must be cast in a single
pour.– They range in size from 250 to 20,000 lbs.– They must be marked with their actual
weight.
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Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
Example of a double pour sinker.
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Sinkers
DOR MOR Sinker– A cast iron, pyramid
shaped sinker intended for use on discrepancy buoys in areas of mud or sandy bottoms.
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Shackles
Used to connect lengths of chain to bridles, sinkers, buoys and each other. Shackles range in size and are classified according to their size. With first class being the largest and fourth class the smallest.
The two types of shackles used in buoy moorings are the: split key and rivet pin.
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Split-Key Shackle Used where frequent opening of
the shackle is required, such as:– Buoy to Bridle.– Bridle to Swivel.– Swivel to Chain.– Chain to Sinker.– The key is made of stainless
steel and when being split apart, the angle should be between 30 and 45º.
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Rivet Pin Shackle
Is used for splicing chain to chain.
Using shackles in the chafe section shall be avoided.
Always install the shackle with the pin towards the sinker to prevent catching on the horse collar during mooring retrieval.– These are also called Heat and
Beat or Hot Pin shackles
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SWIVELS Swivels are included in the
mooring and allow the buoy to twist without causing the chain to kink.
They are mounted between the bridle and the riser section.
They are installed with the round eye towards the bridle.
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Buoy Chain Inspection
When performing a mooring inspection, the entire chafe section of the mooring is brought on deck and inspected.
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Buoy Chain Inspection When performing a mooring inspection,
the entire chafe section of the mooring shall be brought on deck and inspected.
Inspect chain for wear by measuring the smallest parts of the most worn links using a caliper.
Inspected every 2 years, at the CO’s discretion.
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Buoy Chain Replacement Chain moorings shall be inspected and
replaced when worn to the minimum wear measurement, or when it will not last until the next mooring inspection. Any chain that is deformed, stretched, bent, or twisted, shall be replaced.
COMDTINST M16500.3A shall be used to determined minimum chain wear measurements (page 2-34)
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Buoy Chain Replacement Look for these signs in your chain:
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End of the All About Buoys Orientation
Session