preventing residues in tissues and milk- craig shultz
DESCRIPTION
Dr. Shultz presented this material on November 10, 2011 as part of DAIReXNET's webinar entitled "Appropriate Drug Use and Residue Avoidance Practices".TRANSCRIPT
Preventing Residues in Tissues and Milk
Ensuring the Wholesomeness of Food Animal Products
For Both Milk and Dairy Beef The Performance Bar Continues to Rise
Tissue Residues in Dairy Beef – (circa. 2005)• Surveillance to include non-antibiotic drugs Flunixin
Milk – 2010 Proposed FDA Bulk Milk Sampling Plan - • 26 animal drug residues • Not limited to antibiotics
Tissue findings at slaughter drive expanded surveillance in milk
The Dairy Cow is the Regulatory Surveillance Target
7.7% of cattle slaughtered in the US are dairy cows – account for 67% of violative residues detected by FSIS in all slaughter cattle.
Why? Age at slaughter -
inflammatory conditions
Use – multiple lactations and parturitions
Individual value – greater incentive to treat
These factors increase the complexity of on-farm residue avoidance strategies.
Residue Avoidance
Complicated in the dairy cow
Not simply a matter of knowing the drug used and its minimum pre-slaughter withhold
Residue Avoidance
Other equally important factors:• Dosage
• Duration of dosage
• Route of administration
• Use of multiple drugs over time in treating a chronic condition
Animal Condition Compromised and
debilitated animals do not metabolize and eliminate drugs as efficiently as those with normal bodily functions – a VCPR in the culling decision process is critical.
Critical Factors in Residue Avoidance
Accurate treatment record-keeping
Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship
Over-the-counter drugs• Must follow label directions exactly• If you change anything it is extra-label use and you must
have a VCPR Dosage Duration of dosage Route of administration
VCPR is required for all prescription drugs
Selection of Slaughter Cattle for Surveillance Screening
ANTE MORTEM CONDITIONS POST MORTEM CONDITIONS
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point – Based Slaughter
Inspection HACCP Final Rule for large plants (1998)
Inspected establishment must :• identify hazards in its process • set critical control points with critical limits to
control hazards
If violative residues are an identified hazard• they must be addressed in HACCP Plan
Goal – to reduce hazard to an undetectable level
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point – Based Slaughter
Inspection
Under HACCP, Industry is responsible for• Addressing violations,• Reducing risks• Ensuring the safety of its product
Industry must trace violations, obtain corrective actions and prevent recurrence
Industry is required to avoid high risk sources of animals
Feedback Loop
Producer
SlaughterPlant
ViolationsAvoidance HACCP Notification(Days)
FDA Investigation(Months)
Tissue Residue Points to Remember
Only high risk animals based on ante and post mortem presentation are screened• High quality dairy cows: 5-8%• Lower quality lean dairy cows : up to 15%
Tissue samples from screen-positive animals are submitted to a Federal laboratory for analysis• Identify specific residue in tissue• Amount of residue in tissue
Tissue Residue Points to Remember
Violative residue levels may be restricted to a tissue (e.g. Kidney) or may involve entire carcass resulting in condemnation
Cattle with high violation-risk conditions are screened even if they are condemned on post mortem inspection
Food Safety
Animal Health Public Health
Animal Well Being Human Well Being
•Human Antimicrobial Use •Immune compromise (HIV, chemo)•Animal drug use and resistance of human pathogens•Disease data
•Multi-drug resistant food borne pathogens•Public expectation of safe food
• Pathogen free raw products•Farm to fork surveillance•Food product liability•Food Product traceability•Food borne illness data
•Perception of human well being•Food preferences•Food affordability and quality•Antibiotic effectiveness and human well-being•Environmental sustainability – carbon footprint of non-intensive animal production
• Perception of animal well being - Companion animal vs. production animal•Food production practices – different conditions for animal vs. human antimicrobial therapy •NSAIDS use vs. abuse•Environmental sustainability – carbonfootprint of intensive animal production
•Preventive & disease control antimicrobial use•Antimicrobial drug availability•Animal traceability•Disease data
Use of Food Animal Drugs and “One Health”