preterm birth, infant mortality and birth defects national center on birth defects and developmental...
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Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth
Defects
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
Preterm Birth and Birth Defects Overlapping outcomes
Top 2 leading causes of infant mortality Birth defects are associated with increased risk of
preterm birth (infants w/ BD = 2.7 times more likely to be born preterm; 11.5 times more likely to be born very preterm)
Babies born preterm have a 2-3 fold higher likelihood of having a birth defect
Shared risk factors Family history Assisted reproductive technology (ART) Maternal medical conditions, such as diabetes, obesity Maternal infectious diseases, such as varicella Behavioral factors, such as alcohol and cigarette smoking
Preterm Births and Infant Mortality among Infants with and without
Birth Defects
National Birth Defects Prevention Study multi-state, population-based case-control study Preterm birth and small-for-gestational age among
infants with birth defects
Some examples of research focused on preterm birth among controls (infants without birth defects)• Maternal infections during
pregnancy • Maternal medication use, such as
SSRI
• Periconceptional intake of folic acid and food folate
• Maternal dietary nutrient intake
Opportunities for Reducing Infant Mortality due to Birth Defects:
Treatment and Prevention Appropriate and timely treatment
Addressing disparities in care and survival Prevention through preconception health
Ensuring sufficient folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy
Screening and brief intervention to decrease alcohol-exposed pregnancies
Eliminating smoking during pregnancy Reducing pre-pregnancy obesity Keeping diabetes well-controlled before
and during pregnancy Planning for safe medication use in
pregnancy
Inclusion of Birth Defects in Plans to Reduce Infant Mortality
Partner with birth defects surveillance program and other key state programs
Partner with parent support groups and advocacy groups working on preventing birth defects and improving the lives of those with birth defects
Engage in preconception health to impact risk of birth defects and preterm birth