pressure and temperature measurement reactor presentation / page 1

Pressure and Temperature Measurement

Reactor Presentation /



Function of Reactor Multi-Point Temperature Sensing Measure catalyst bed inlet differential temperature (CT) to ensure proper distribution

Maintain precise process temperature for optimal conversion

Ensure proper quench in conversion reactions similar to hydro-cracking operations and severe hydro-treating units

Indicate temperature excursions in high temperature / high pressure reactors

Protect reactor vessel wall integrity

Protect catalyst integrity



WIKA Multi-Point DesignsCased (Protection Tube)

Bi-metallic/Steel Alloy spring loaded

Heat transfer block

Bi-metallic spring/Steel Alloy spring loaded with support strap

Free-Hanging With or without guide tubes

Mi Cable primary pressure boundary

Fast response

Design Codes of Conformance For temperature and pressure:

ASME Section VIII Division 1 for category H fittings

ASME B31.3 Piping Code

For thermocouple integrity and conformance:

ASTM 14.03 Sections E230, E585, E608 & E780



Cased Multi-Point Designs

Bi-Metallic Spring Loaded

Heat Transfer Block

Spring Loaded with Support Strap

Options Include: Pointed tip machined from bar stock

Variety of alloy steels to suit process conditions

Cooling fins to dissipate convected and conducted heat from terminations

Secondary Pressure containment in the event of a primary pressure boundary failure

Individual sensor replacement during production with heat transfer block design (Spring loaded designs involve complete multi-point sensor removal from tube)

Sleeve design allowing for multi-point tube movement without deformation of tube



Cased Multi-PointWith Heat Transfer Blocks and Pointed tip



Cased Multi-PointWith Expansion Sleeve and Secondary Pressure Containment



Cased Multi-PointWith Mechanical Reinforcement Attachments



Cased Multi-PointWith Mechanical Support Tube, Vented for Fast ResponseIncluding Secondary Pressure Containment



Cased Multi-PointWith Cooling Fins and Pointed Tip, External to Protection Tube for Faster Response to Temperature Changes



Free-Hanging Multi-Point Designs

Flexible for longitudinal & cross sectional temperature measurement

Options include: Close coupled or remote mounted terminations

Heavy or double-wall MI Cable for extra resistance

to process medium

Secondary pressure containment

Top or side mount



Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Secondary Pressure Containment with Visual Indication



Includes reducing adaptor to suit vessel nozzle

Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Secondary Pressure Containment with Block & Bleed



Designed for top or side mounting where space

restrictions apply.

Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Angled Secondary Pressure Containment



Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Guide Tubes for Extra Mechanical/Corrosion Protection



Free-Hanging Multi-Point Thermocouple Advantages

Reduces the number of external skin thermocouples

Resistance to extensive pressure build-up in hydro-cracking applications

Fast response

Multiple locations

Mirror image thermocouple patterns allow operator to see channelling, coke balls or improper temperature distribution

Optional secondary pressure containment

Greater number of thermocouples for multi-point assembly reduces number of nozzles required for identical number of sensing points



Mineral Insulated (MI) Cable for Free-Hanging Multi-Point Designs Multiple MI cable sizes available to meet application requirements

0.236″ (6 mm) – greatest number of thermocouples through a single flange

5/16″ (7.5 mm) – industry standard for free-hanging design

3/8″ (10 mm) – for most severe service when reliability is a premium

Variety of other diameters available upon request

Available in various alloys to meet the specifications of the reactor process

Special tools not required for large radius bends

Tube-bending tool advisable for final 90 degree bend

and any other tight radius bending required

Thermocouple with 90° Bend



Mineral Insulated (MI) Cable Sheath & Conductors

Standard wall 0.040″ (1.0 mm)

Reactor heavy wall 0.050″ (1.3 mm) sheath with 16 AWG conductors also available

Optional double-wall sheath available for additional safety, durability and reliability

Standard 0.040″ (1.0 mm) wall thickness with a second 0.040″ (1.0 mm) sheath

Standard Wall

Heavy Wall

Double Wall



Free-Hanging Multi-Point Design Features

Pressure Feed-Through Sleeve Design Eliminates localized heat build-up during

welding process preventing distortion of fittings

Heat transferred away from thermocouple sheath during welding procedure

Eliminates possible damage through overheating to MI cable sheath during construction of assembly



Free-Hanging Multi-Point Design Features

Secondary Pressure Containment Secondary Pressure Containment

engineered to suppress process in unlikely event of primary pressure boundary failure

Indication provided to operator regarding breech either AROUND or THROUGH the Mineral Insulated (MI) cable sheath

Optional WIKA pressure gauge/transmitter for visible identification on containment chamber

Optional double-flange design allows for access to safety containment chamber during reactor shutdowns



Safety

Features Include: Eliminates exposure risk

Process fluids unable to migrate to junction box

Block & Bleed valve designed to bleed-off trapped hydrogen or process fluids

Compromised thermocouples do not require capping with a pressure fitting

Localized indication of primary pressure boundary failure



Junction Box

Features Include: Stainless steel, weatherproof/corrosion resistant

Direct or remote mounted

Easy access to terminals or transmitters

All thermocouple terminal connections individually identified

Cable entry connection to suit customer requirements

Available as explosion proof (EExd) or general purpose (NEMA/IP Rating)

Other materials available including cast steel and cast aluminum

Terminal strips or din rail mounting options available



Reactor Design Considerations with Free-Hanging Style Multi-points

Fewer penetrations into the reactor vessel for thermometry

Fewer nozzles translates into reduced thermometry expense

Ease of vessel design

Greater structural integrity of the vessel

Nozzles can be top or side mounted to the vessel

Superior process information for enhanced design operations

Reduced exposure risk



Measurement Design Considerations with Free-Hanging Style Multi-points Significant increase of thermocouple points results in a lower cost than using

traditional cased style designs

Total number of thermocouple points determined by nozzle size and thermocouple diameter

All designs and thermocouple locations are reviewed with the customer to ensure optimum efficiency



Testing of Multi-Points

Include: Pressure testing (hydrostatic &

pneumatic) up to 10,000 psi

Liquid penetrant inspection (LPI)

Positive Material Identification (PMI)

Radiography (RT)

Ultrasonic (UT)

Sensor calibration



Installation

Designed to be routed around the inner circumference of the vessel, then projected inward to the sensing positions

Reduces both channelling effects and interference with nozzle flow patterns

Base support

Hanging support (sidewall bracket)



Sensor Routing Example



Free-Hanging Multi-Point Support Bracket



Base Support Structure Example



Reactor Vessel - Typical Point Locations



Reactor Vessel – Typical Routing and attachment with Expansion Loop



North American Sales Offices

Edmonton, AB* (Head Office)Tel: (780) 463-7035

Fax: (780) 462-0017Burnaby, BCTel: (604) 299-3855

Fax: (604) 299-4566

Website: www.wika.com Email: [email protected]

Oakville, ONTel: (905) 337-1611

Fax: (905) 337-2716

Calgary, ABTel: (403) 237-5960

Fax: (403) 264-0095

Saskatoon, SKTel: (306) 664-1105

Fax: (306) 244-4084

Sarnia, ONTel: (519) 344-1339

Fax: (519) 344-3824

Montreal, QCTel: (514) 332-0330

Fax: (514) 332-4292

Deer Park, TXTel: (713) 475-0022

Fax: (713) 475-0011

* WIKA flexible multi-point manufacturing facilities

Grande Prairie, ABTel: (780) 357-0386

Fax: (780) 357-0389

Fort McMurray, ABTel: (780) 791-9995

Fax: (780) 743-2296

Quebec City, QCTel: (418) 952-7779

Fax: (514) 332-4292

pressure and temperature measurement reactor presentation / page 1

Documents

temperature changes

temperature excursions

multipoint assembly

multipoint tube movement

reactor hea

extensive pressure buildup

wika multipoint designs

multipoint designs flexible