PRESIDENT TITANIUM CO., INC.

243 FRANKLIN ST. PHN: (781) 294-0000

RT. 27 ~ P.O. BOX 36 FAX: (781) 293-3753

HANSON, MA. 02341 TOLL: 800-225-0304

www.presidenttitanium.com

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

~ President Titanium has the largest inventory of domestic 6AL/4V, 6AL/4V ELI, and CP-Grade 4 titanium

bar, billet, sheet, and plate in the country.

~ We have been serving the aerospace, military, and medical industries since 1973.

~ Most orders shipped within 1-2 days… Call for our free booklet.

~ Our Quality System is ISO 9001:2000 certified and registered by NSF-ISR.

~ President Titanium is an approved supplier to: Pratt & Whitney (LCS), Boeing, General Electric, Rolls-Royce,

BAE Systems, Spirit AeroSystems (Europe) Ltd., Goodrich, DePuy, & more...

Year Established: 1973 Employees: 25 Trade Organization: ITA

Parent Company: None Company Subsidiary: None Holding Company: None

COMPANY OFFICERS

Joseph E. MacLeod President/CEO/Owner Ext. 106

Joseph A. “Mac” MacLeod V.P./General & Sales Manager Ext. 105

Shawn MacLeod V.P./Operations & Purchasing Manager Ext. 107

SALES & PURCHASING REPRESENTITIVES

Frederick Travers Sales & Purchasing Ext. 103

John McDonough Sales & Purchasing Ext. 104

Harold McLeod Sales & Purchasing Ext. 102

John “JR” Neenan Sales & Purchasing Ext. 122

Edward Quintal Sales & Purchasing Ext. 108

OTHER COMPANY CONTACTS

John Toler QC/QA Manager Ext. 115

Steve Nash General Foreman Ext. 110

Debbie Winslow Controller/Bookkeeper Ext. 119

PRODUCTS

Alloys Billet Forging, Open Die Strip

Bar & Rod Flats Rings Welding Rod

Bar, Hollow Foil Sheet Wire & Wire Coil

All for Aerospace, Military, and/or Medical applications

SERVICES

Cutting Machining Warehousing Shearing Sawing

STOCK 6AL/4V Gr. 5 6AL/4V ELI (Gr.23) CP-Grade 4 CP-Grade 2

Diameter: 0.125” to 16.00” 0.125” to 10.00” 0.125” to 9.00” 0.125” to 3.00”

Sheet: 0.016” to 0.187” 0.020” to 0.187” 0.020” to 0.187” call for inventory

Plate: 0.187” to 4.00” 0.187” to 3.00” 0.187” to 2.50” call for inventory

Block: 4.50” to 10.00”

President Titanium has made ordering easy & convenient… We accept MasterCard, Visa, & American Express

*** Ca l l f o r s i zes , quo tes, & de l i very on a l l ma ter ia l ***

LETTERS OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

PRATT & WHITNEY LCS AUTHORIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

MACHINING HINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

WELDING AND SHEET METAL FABRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

TURNING AND MILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

FACE AND END MILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

DRILLING AND TAPPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

BROACHING AND REAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

GRINDING AND PERMISSION TO REPRINT MACHINING DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

SAWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

TITANIUM WEIGHT FORMULAS/PERIODIC TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

CORROSION RESISTANCE TO TITANIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

6AL/4V & 6AL/4V ELI & COMMERCIALLY PURE TECHNICAL DATA . . . . . . .14-15

PHOTOS OF SAWING & CUTTING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17

REFERENCE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-21

DECIMAL AND METRIC CONVERSION TO FRACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

WEIGHT TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-25

HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLE & MILITARY TITANIUM SPECS . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27

AMS TITANIUM SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28-29

ASTM SPECS - HISTORY OF TITANIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

MEDICAL IMPLANT USES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VELLUM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

LETTERS OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2

PRATT & WHITNEY LCS AUTHOR IZATION

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS

3

4

HINTS FOR MACHINING TITANIUM

� Titanium with proper procedures can be fabricated using techniques no more difficult than are used machining

type 316 stainless steel.

� Commercially pure grades of Titanium with tensile strength of 35,000 to 80,000 PSI machine much easier than

the aircraft alloys (i.e.) 6AL/4V with tensile strengths up to 200,000 PSI.

� Titanium’s work hardening rate is less than that of austenetic stainless steel, about equivalent to

0.20 carbon steel.

� Titanium requires low shearing forces, demonstrates an absence of “built-up edge”, and is not notch sensitive.

� Titanium if classified as difficult to machine, is due to its physical properties.

� Titanium is a poor conductor of heat. As a result heat caused by the cutting action does not dissipate quickly.

� Titanium has a strong alloying tendency or chemical reactivity with materials in the cutting tools which cause

galling, welding, smearing, and rapid destruction of the cutting tool.

� Titanium due to its relatively low modules will have a tendency to move away from the cutting tool unless cuts

are maintained or proper back-up is employed.

TWO OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCE MACHINING OPERATIONS.

1. Because of the lack of a stationary mass of metal (built-up edge) ahead of the cutting tool, a high shearing angle is

formed. This causes a thin chip to contact a relatively small area on the cutting tool face and results in high bearing

loads per unit area. The high bearing force, combined with the friction developed by the chip as it rushes over the

bearing area, results in a great increase in heat on a very localized portion of the cutting tool.

2. Further, the combination of high bearing forces and heat produces catering action close to the cutting edge,

resulting in rapid tool breakdown.

The basic machining properties of titanium cannot be altered: however the following basic rules have been

developed in machining Titanium.

1. Use low cutting speeds.

A change of 20 surface feet per minute to 150 surface feet per minute using carbide tools results in a

temperature change from 800 to 1700 F.

2. Maintain high feed rates.

Temperature is not affected by feed rate so much as by speed, and the highest feed rates consistent with good

machining practice should be used.

3. Use copious amounts of cutting fluid.

4. Use sharp tools and replace them at first signs of wear. Tool failure occurs quickly after a small initial amount

of wear.

5. Never stop feeding while tool and work are in moving contact. Allowing a tool to dwell in moving contact causes

work hardening and promotes smearing, galling, seizing and tool breakdown.

The following recommendations for speeds, feeds, and other parameters in this booklet are normal recommendations and should be considered only as a starting point.

5

SHEET METAL FABRICATION

While 6AL/4V was originally developed as a forging alloy,

its excellent properties and fabrication characteristics

soon led to applications requiring its availability in sheet

form. Annealed 6AL/4V sheet is now readily available.

Processing techniques for all standard methods of sheet

fabrication including stretch, creep and drop hammer

forming, drawing, jogging, and dimpling, have been

developed.

The major usage of 6AL/4V sheet has been in the

annealed condition. It is normally fabricated at elevated

temperatures where springback is minimized and smaller

minimum bend radii can be developed.

Preformed parts can be hot sized to close tolerances

between matched, shaped metal dies under pressure and

temperature allowing the parts to flow or creep into the

desired finished shape. The temperatures used vary

between 1000 and 1450OF. Advantages of hot sizing

include: (a) tooling can be made to net sizes since no

allowance for springback is required: (b) finished parts

are practically stress-free: and (c) extremely complex

contours can be consistently produced.

6AL/4V sheet may be hot-formed in the solution treated

condition, but careful control of heating times and

temperatures is essential to prevent overaging. The aging

reaction starts at 500OF with the effects of repeated

exposures at temperature being additive. Therefore, the

aging performed during hot-forming should be taken into

consideration in determining any subsequent heat-

treating cycles.

Fully heat-treated 6AL/4V has limited formability. If

necessary to form material in this condition, heating

practice must be designed to prevent overaging.

WELDING

6AL/4V can be welded by most techniques: metal or

tunsten inert gas, resistance, flash, friction, ultrasonic, or

electron beam.

6AL/4V, like all titanium alloys, must be protected against

contamination during welding. Oxygen and nitrogen from

the atmosphere, surface residues, and impurities in the

shielding gas readily dissolve in the molten weld metal

and can produce embrittlement and porosity. Good

shielding and careful edge preparation are therefore

necessary. 6AL/4V sheet and plate are successfully

welded in open air with MIG or TIG techniques using an

inert gas trailing shield plus underside or backup inert gas

shielding.

Optimum welding paramerters vary greatly with joint

configuration and welding equipment.

Titanium is an extremely active metal. Consequently, it

easily reacts to the atmosphere and other, etc. during

welding. Harmful chemical reactions occur when it

comes into contact with various impurities, such as

different metals, dust, moisture, oil and grease, and

various oxides. This can often serve to reduce the

ductility of any welded zones. At the same time, a

deteriorization in corrosion resistance and the

emergence of factors leading to the occurance of blow

holes can also arise.

Therefore, when welding, it is necessary to maintain a

clean working environment, use clean welding materials

and, of course, to totally seal the titanium.

DURING METAL-WORKING ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WELDING, BURNING, GRINDING, HEATING,AND FORGING, METAL FUMES AND GASES MAY BE GENERATED, WHICH MAY BE DANGEROUS

TO YOUR HEALTH. AVOID BREATHING THESE FUMES AND GASES. MECHANICAL

VENTILATION OR RESPIRATORS MUST BE UTILIZED IF NATURAL VENTILATION IS NOT

SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN CONTAMINANTS BELOW THE OSHA PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE

LEVEL (PEL).

REFER TO MATERIAL AND SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR TITANIUM ALLOY PRODUCTS FOR

HAZARD INFORMATION OR CONSTITUENTS.

TURNING

Commercially pure and alloyed titanium can be turned with little difficulty. Carbide tools are the most satisfactory for

turning titanium. The “straight” tungsten carbide grades of standard designations C1-C4, such as Metal Carbides C-91

and similar types, give the best results. Cobalt-type high speed steels appear to be the best of the many types of high

speed steel available. Cast-alloy tools may be used when carbide is not available and when the cheaper high speed

steels are not satisfactory.

TURNING, SINGLE POINT AND BOX TOOLS

MILLING

The milling of titanium is a more difficult operation than that of turning. The cutter mills only part of each revolution,

and chips tend to adhere to the teeth during that portion of the revolution that each tooth does not cut. On the next

contact, when the chip is knocked off, the tooth may be damaged.

This problem can be alleviated to a great extent by employing climb milling, instead of conventional milling. In this type

of milling, the cutter is in contact with the thinnest portion of the chip as it leaves the cut, minimizing chip “welding”.

For slab milling, the work should move in the same direction as the cutting teeth; and for face milling, the teeth should

emerge from the cut in the same direction as the work is fed.

In milling titanium, when the cutting edge fails, it is usually because of chipping. Thus the results with carbide tools are

often less satisfactory than with cast-alloy tools. The increase is cutting speeds of 20-30% which is possible with

carbide tools compared with cast-alloy tools does not always compensate for the additional tool grinding costs.

Consequently, it is advisable to try both cast-alloy and carbide tools to determine the better of the two for each

milling job. The use of a water base coolant is recommended.

6

FACE MILLING

END MILLING - PERIPHERAL DRILLING

END MILLING - SLOTTING

7

DRILLING

Successful drilling can be accomplished with ordinary high speed steel drills. One of the most important factors in

drilling titanium is the length of the unsupported section of the drill. This portion of the drill should be no longer than

necessary to drill the required depth of the hole and still allow the chips to flow unhampered through the flutes and

out of the hole. This permits application of maximum cutting pressure, as well as rapid removal and re-engagement to

clear chips, without drill breakage. Use of “Spiro-Point” drill grinding is desirable.

TAPPING

Best results in tapping titanium have been with a 65% thread. Chip removal is a problem which makes tapping

one of the more difficult machining operations.

8

BROACHING

As in other Titanium machining operations, it is very essential that the entire machine tool setup and the Titanium

component be rigid, to assure a top quality broaching job. It is also recommended that broaches be wet ground, to

improve finish of the tool, thereby giving better tool performance. During the broaching operation, vapor blasting with

the coolant helps lengthen broach life and reduce the tendency for smearing. There is a tendency for Titanium chips to

weld to the tool on an interrupted cut such as broaching, and this tendency increases as the wearland develops. Both

the broach and broach slots should be examined regularly for signs of smearing, as this and chip welding are

indications of wear. Thus you avoid poor finish, more rapid tool wear and loss of tolerance.

REAMING

Holes drilled bored for the reaming of Titanium and Titanium alloys should be .010” to .020” undersize. Standard high

speed steel and carbide reamers perform satisfactorily, except that clearances on the chamfer should be 10O. To provide

maximum tooth space for chip clearance, reamers with the minimum number of flutes for a given size should be selected.

9

GRINDING

The proper combination of grinding fluid, abrasive wheel, and wheel speeds can expedite this form of shaping titanium.

The procedure recommended is to use considerably lower wheel speeds than is conventional grinding of steels. A

water-sodium nitrite mixture gives excellent results as a coolant.

SURFACE GRINDING-HORIZONTAL SPINDLE, RECIPROCATING TABLE

Permission to reprint the boxed Machining Tables covering speed, feed, depth of cut etc. for 6AL/4V and

Commercially Pure Titanium was granted by:

Machinability Data Center

Metcut Research Associates Inc.

3980 Rosslyn Drive

Cincinnati, Ohio 45209

We recommend their Machine Data Handbook which covers machining data for over 1500 materials in both US and

Metric Units.

10

SAWING

Slow speeds, in the 50 fpm range, and heavy, constant blade pressure should be used. Standard blades should be

ground, to provide improved cutting efficiency and blade life.

POWER BAND SAWING, HSS BLADE

11

12

TITANIUM WEIGHT FORMULAS

Weight, predicted on a density of .163

Rounds =lbs. per lineal foot = 1.5369 x D2

Square =lbs. per lineal foot = 1.9568 x D2

Hexagons =

lbs. per lineal foot = 1.6947 x D2

Octagons =

lbs. per lineal foot = 1.6211 x D2

Rectangles =

lbs. per lineal foot = 1.956 x T x W

Round Tubing =

lbs. per lineal foot = 6.145 x (OD - W) x W

Circles =

weight of circle in lbs. = .1281 x thickness x D2

Rings =

weight of ring in lbs. = .1281 x thickness x (OD2 - ID2)

Sheet & Plate =

weight per square foot in lbs. = .163 x thickness x 144

MACHINING TITANIUM

The alloy of the titanium to be machined is also

important to consider.

CP (Commercially Pure) Titanium has a Brinell hardness

from 125 to 235. It is quite ductile and is easily machined

using K1 grade carbide and any good coolant. Speed -

300 S.F.M. (although this may vary from 200 to 400

S.F.M).

6AL-4V Alloy titanium has a Brinell hardness of approx.

285 to 321. Use K1 or CQ2 grade carbide in positive or

negative positive tooling and good coolant. Speed range

150 to 220 S.F.M.

13

CORROSION

These data were obtained from a variety of sources, including laboratory testing where conditions could be closely

controlled. TMCA recommends testing of titanium samples in the actual media where titanium is to be used before

titanium is specified. Samples are available on request

C = Concentrate percent

T = Temperature, OF

R = Corrosion Rate, Mils/Year

14

TECHNICAL DATA

15

16

TITANIUM SAWS

4 KASTO PLATE SAWS:360/660, 360/2060, & 860/1060

Capacity Maximum Thickness of Plate that we can cut: 28"Maximum Length of one Continuous cut: 157"

*Also capable of quick cuts on our Marvel 81-A table saw

2 HEM BAR SAWS & 3 NEW HYD-MECH1200A, H120A, & H18A

Capacity Maximum Diameter we can cut: 19"Maximum length of bar for Continuous cutting: unlimited

*Also capable of quick cuts on our small CLAUSING bar saw and abrasive wheels

17

18

REFERENCE DATA

Common Metric Equivalents

19

REFERENCE DATA

Metric System

Weight Equivalents

U.S. and Metric System EquivalentsLength Equivalents

Troy Weight: 12oz.= 1 lb. Avoirdupois Weight = 1 lb.

20

REFERENCE DATA

Weight Conversion Table

21

REFERENCE DATA

Wire Gauge Conversion Table

Conversion of Fractions of an inch toDecimal and Millimeter Equivalents

22

DECIMAL AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS OF COMMON FRACTIONS OF AN INCH

Decimal and Metric Equivalents of Common Fractions of an Inch

23

WEIGHT TABLE

Weight Per Square Foot of Ti-6AL-4V Plate

Weight of Ti-6AL-4V Wire

24

WEIGHT TABLE

TITANIUM ROUNDS AND SQUARES

Tables cover all grades based on density of .163 lbs/cu. in

Weights shown are calculated on the basis of .163 pounds per cubic inch and based on a bar of exact dimensions. Titanium bar stock, especially larger sizes, run over-size. When estimating costs it is well to figure 6% heavier using .173 pounds per cubic inch.

To find the weight of Titanium, multiply the weight of plain steel by 0.5796.

25

WEIGHT TABLE

Weight Per Square Foot of Ti-6AL-4V Sheet & Strip

To find the weight of Titanium, multiply the weight of plain steel by 0.5796.

26

HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLE

Hardness Conversion Table(Approximate)

Military Specification MIL-T-9046 J

27

MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS

Titanium and titanium alloy, sheet, strip and plate

Mil-T-9046 H

MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS

Titanium and titanium Alloy Bars and Reforge Stock

A cross reference by revision and composition classifications

APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONSMil-I-6866 Dye penetrant inspectionMil-I-8950 Ultrasonic inspectionMil-H-81200 Heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloysAMS 2631 Ultrasonic inspectionAMS 4921 Grade 4 BarsAMS 4901 Grade 4 Plate & Sheet

AMS 4902 Grade 2 Plate & SheetASTM B-348 Grade 4 BarsASTM B-265 Grade 4 Plate & SheetASTM B-348 Grade 2 BarsASTM B-265 Grade 2 Plate & Sheet

*Titanium and titanium allow forgings

28

AMS SPECIFICATIONS

AMS SPECIFICATIONS REVISED AS PER SAE AMS INDEX - JANUARY 2008

29

AMS SPECIFICATIONS - CONT.

AMS SPECIFICATIONS REVISED AS PER SAE AMS INDEX - JANUARY 2008

30

ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

SCOPE

ASTM B-265 Titanium and titanium alloy strip, sheet and plate.

ASTM B-299 Titanium sponge.

ASTM B-337 Seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy pipe.

ASTM B-338 Seamless and welded titanium alloy tubes for condensers and heat exchangers.

ASTM B-348 Titanium and titanium bar and billet.

ASTM B-363 Seamless and welded unalloyed titanium welded fittings.

ASTM B-367 Titanium and titanium alloy casting.

ASTM B-381 Titanium and titanium for alloy forgings.

ASTM F-67 Unalloyed titanium for surgical implants.

ASTM F-136 Titanium 6AI-4V ELI alloy for use as surgical implant material.

HISTORY OF TITANIUM

The element Titanium was discovered as a component of beach sands by William Gregor in 1790. It was named

Titanium after Titan, a giant in Greek mythology, by M.H. Klaproth in 1795. Since then, it has been widely studied, and

the basic research for the development of the titanium industry have been accomplished with the magnesium

reduction process of titanium tetrachloride invented by W.J. Kroll in 1938. In 1947 mass production of titanium metal

(sponge) was started by the US Bureau of Mines.

1790 Gregor, a priest at Menaccan, Cornwall, England, treated magnetic block sand with acids and alkalies to discover a new

metallic oxide which was called “Menakanite” after the name of the land.

1795 Klaproth assayed an ore called “red rchorl” found at Boinik, Hungary and discovered a new metallic oxide which he named

titanium.

1825 Berzelius obtained a metallic black powder by reduction of K2TiF6 with metallic potassium.

1887 Nilson and Petterson obtained a titanium of approximately 95% purity with oxide content by reduction of titanium

tetrachloride with sodium.

1910 M.A. Hunter succeeded in reducing titanium tetrachloride to pure metallic titanium with socium by the so-called Hunter

bomb process.

1925 Van Arkel and de Boer invented the process of heat reducing titanium ionide to high purity titanium.

1938 W.J. Kroll introduced the so-called “Kroll” process of reducing titanium tetrachloride with magnesium in an argon

atmosphere.

1948 F.S. Watman, staff of the US Bureau of Mines, succeeded in the application of the “Kroll” process for

industrial use.

Although approximately 60 kinds of titanium minerals are known to exist, those available mainly for industrial use are

Rutile and Ilmenite ores.

A - When forgings are required the the symbol shall be F rather than grade.