presented to: aixm conference by: office of airspace and aim date: february 2007 federal aviation...

Presented to: AIXM Conference

By: Office of Airspace and AIM

Date: February 2007

Federal AviationAdministrationAeronautical

Information

Vision and Strategy Executive Briefing

2 2Federal AviationAdministration

Aeronautical Information ManagementJanuary 2007

Topics

• Introduction concepts• Advances in aeronautical information• Status at FAA• What our customers want• Current activities• Summary



Topics/1




Introduction concepts

• Products are presentations (Views) of data– Effective at date of publication

• The primary user of [paper] products is humans– Machines have to interpret products to extract underlying data

• The real value is in the data – The product is just the presentation

Publications HypertextWebDisplay



Introduction concepts/2

• ICAO Annex 15 describes the product requirements for the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) (2 Products)

Baseline(Static Situation)

Aeronautical Information Publication

Delta(Dynamic Changes)

RESTRICTEDAIRSPACE ACTIVE

RUNWAY CLOSED

NOTAMS

Notice to Airman



Introduction concept/3

• Historically we set up stovepipes to create products– Customers are responsible for integrating products

into view of the airspace system– We cannot ensure the products are consistent

AeronauticalProducts

Customers

NASRNOTAMs

ACESETMSDAFIF

DOFSUA

ALTRVTPPNFD

…



Topics/2




Advances in Aeronautical Information

1. Maturity in understanding FAA products

2. What is a NOTAM?

3. Move from Messages to Transactions

4. Putting it together

5. What’s changed?

6. Global change: AIS to AIM



Maturity in understanding products

• We don’t have to live in the “product-centric” past– We create many systems to do the same thing to the same basic data

elements

– Example of 2 Aeronautical Notices• Notice to Airman (NOTAM)• Special Use Airspace (SUA) status

• Aeronautical information data products have common themes– Identification and Operation [ What ]

• Description (KIAD), Status (Open/Closed)

– Period of Validity [ When ]

– Geometry [ Where ]• Point, Line, Polygon

– Latitude, Longitude, Altitude

1.



What is a NOTAM?

• Notice that the published information has changed

• NOTAM – Notice to Airmen– A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00 UNTIL UFN

Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation

+

Period of Validity

12 Sep 0400 GMTUntil Further Notice

Geometry

+

Message

2.



Another notice Military Airspace Status

• SUA Status – Special Use Airspace status– Buckeye Military Operation Area (MOA)

• Activated 0900 to 1300 on Sep 9 2006


+

Period of Validity

BuckeyeMOA

Activated

9 Sep 20060900 to 1300 GMT

Geometry

+MOA boundary

Message

2.



What about other FAA products?

• Products (Historically Text based)– NOTAM: Runway is Closed for a certain time – SUA: Buckeye MOA is Active for a certain time– CARF: Temporary Restricted Airspace – GPS/WAAS: GPS Unreliable in Coverage area until further notice

• Common Themes– Identification and Operation [ What ]– Period of Validity [ When ]– Geometry [ Where ]

• The examples above all describe something that is happening to a piece of airspace, but it could be an airport, navaid or any other component of the National Airspace System (NAS)

2.



A Credit Card Transaction A familiar example

Credit Information Identification & Balance

Credit CardTransactionCharge Number

Timestamp

OperationList of changed properties

…

Debit $200

+ =

Credit Information Identification & Balance

(Updated State)

• Credit card [Existing] balance - Charge= [New] balance [Existing] Value + transaction = [New] Value

• Address update…..

Message

3.



A Transaction Aeronautical data works the same way

• Start with published information about an aeronautical feature (runway, airport, airway, fix, airspace…) Add a request to change a property of a feature (owner, status,

availability…) Result is the updated feature


(Published)

Aeronautical InformationTransaction (AI-T)

Aeronautical Feature

Period of Validity:

Start of ChangeEnd of Change

OperationList of changed properties

Geometry

+ =


(Updated State)Message

(What, When, Where)

3.



Putting it together

• Start flight planning with a snapshot of the current airspace– Request updates to the dataset since the snapshot was taken– Result is a common [near-time] view of the NAS

• Airports• Aircraft FMS• ATC Automation• Traffic Flow Management• Partners – International, Military, …

• User systems would use or show that data in the form that supports their requirements– Query, Filter, Alert, Transform (text or graphic representation)

3.



What’s changed?

• International Recognition that we need to move from text-based products

• There is a global exchange model available – Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)

• Describes aeronautical information and relationships– Designed for system to system exchange of data

• We now understand that existing legacy products can be created from base NAS data– Publications– NOTAMs– Charts (after adaptation for best presentation)

• Data Quality starts at the beginning of the process (survey) and must be maintained– Trace-ability of data source and modification– Chain-of-Custody

5.



Global change: AIS to AIM

AIP

Classical AIS- publish documents

Document content and format is described by:

- ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 1 – AIP Content

- ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 6 – NOTAM format

- …

SUP, NOTAM,

AIC

AIM System- manage data

Data managed in the system is described by models:

- Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)

- AIXM Conceptual Model (AICM)

- Electronic AIP (eAIP) – on-line presentation format

Timesheet<<complexProperty >>

Timetable<<complexProperty >>

0..*

1

0..*

1

ObstacleLightElement<<complexProperty >>

ObstacleLightingTimetable<<complexProperty >>

HorizontalGeometry

+ accuracy+ conf idence lev el+ resolution

<<group>>

VerticalDimensions

+ maximumElev ation+ elev ationDatum+ height+ geoidUndulation+ accuracy+ conf idence lev el+ resolution

<<group>>

ObstacleLighting

+ remarks

<<Feature>>

1

0..*

1

0..*

1

0..1

1

0..1

obstacle lighting availabi...

ObstacleTimetable<<complexProperty >>

Obstacle

+ identif ier+ name+ ty pe+ marking+ f irstColour+ secondColour+ status+ remarks

<<Feature>>

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1 0..11 0..10..1 10..1 1

obstacle effectivity

Specifications• Content

• Quality

• Metadata

EuroControl Slide

Man

agin

g

Pro

du

ct

Man

agin

g

Dat

a

6.



Topics/3




Historically at FAA

Separate data sets for each activity

Examples7930.2 NOTAM Manual –

Specifies “human-readable” grammar

8260.19 TERPS – “Mail Sectional Charts” “Rules for interpreting terrain contours”

7400.X Airspace – Manual coordination and publication

of airspace

Criteria is manual and form-based

ExamplesDOF – Obstacle data set for

public

AirNAV – Obstacle data set for procedure development

NASR – NAS data set for public

NACO – NAS data set for charting

Paper-based processing and tracking

Non-integrated Products

ExamplesLetters of Agreement

SUA development and validation

NOTAMs

ExamplesCharts

Letters of Agreement

Publications

Procedure Charts

Airport Layouts



Trends in the FAA• Criteria – separating policy, procedures and data

– 8260.19D (TERPS automation)– Proposed NOTAM manual modernization

• Data sets – improved data integrity and information management– Surveys and Airport GIS

• Processing – automation and workflow– iOE/AAA– MIA and MVA evaluations– Milops, Airport GIS, etc.

• Products – automation from a common data set– eNASR



Topics/4




What our Customers want

1. 2006 Global AIS Congress

2. Highlights from NOTAM Survey

3. Digital data not text

4. Multiple Views

5. Direct to the cockpit



2006 Global AIS CongressAIS – The key to Interoperability

Capt Ed LyonsCapt Ed LyonsV.P. V.P. Safety & AirworthinessSafety & AirworthinessAir OperationsAir Operations

Quality Aeronautical Information Quality Aeronautical Information The key to InteroperabilityThe key to Interoperability

Pilots (User) Perspective on Pilots (User) Perspective on Aeronautical Information (AI) Aeronautical Information (AI) Presentation given to AIS Congress

By Capt. Ed Lyons

VP Safety & Airworthiness Air Operations for Federal Express

Madrid Attendance

• Over 500 attendees

• Over 80 Countries

High Level Representation

• FAA ATO VP of System Operations

• EUROCONTROL Director General

• ICAO Director of Air Navigation

Message: “US NOTAM system is broken”

Request: NOTAM (AI) data directly to the cockpit

1.



Quotes from NOTAM survey• FAA should plan to improve the processing and delivery of the aeronautical

information because:– “The key issue is safety not savings. Savings are nice but safety is paramount. The

current, fragmented system is potentially unsafe and is definitely inefficient.– Contradictory NOTAM – potentially unsafe– Local NOTAM not disseminated – potentially unsafe – Procedures changed by NOTAM – potentially unsafe (when good internal data checks

would have uncovered the bad data in the fist place)– Untimely data – potentially unsafe – No advance warning e.g. long-haul flights inbound the USA – potentially unsafe (D-

NOTAM)– Lack of current surface conditions – potentially unsafe”

• Major Deficiencies to focus on– “Put someone in charge and give them the authority to change how business is done!– The NOTAM Office or some central facility must own, be aware of and have the authority

to deal with all U.S. AIS/AIM data. It should also be able to follow up worldwide issues in coordination with EAD”

• “A SINGLE SOURCE is a MUST”

2.



Digital data not text

• Sample NOTAM text– A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00 UNTIL UFN

• Data– Fully Described (What and When)– Fully geo-referenced (Where)– Timely!!!!!!!!!

• Functionality– Query– Filter– Transform– Alert

3.



Multiple views of data

!MCN CCO 14/32 CLSD/PARL TWY 3000X75 AVBL DAY VMC/NO TSNT/NO PLA/NO STUDENT

Traditional US NOTAM format: Plan Language NOTAM format:

NOTAM Number: 5/3232Issue Date: Nov 10, 2005Location: Newnan Coweta County Airport

(CCO)Beginning: Effective immediatelyEnding: Until further notice

Affected Area(s):Runway: 14-32Status: Closed

Taxiway: 14-32 ParallelStatus: OpenLength: 3000 ftWidth: 75 ftOperating Hours: Sunrise to Sunset

Usage Restrictions: 14-32 ParallelFlight Rules: VisualPilots: Certified Only (No Students)Restriction: No practice low approaches

Geo-referenced Display:

5/3232

5/3232

Query Filter Transform Alert

Plain Language NOTAM FormatView A View B

View C

Data enables Functions

4.



Direct to the cockpit

x x x x x x x x x x

From Ed Lyons (FedEx) Presentation at 2006 AIS Congress

5.



Topics/5




Current activities

1. Aeronautical Information Exchange Model

2. Digital NOTAM Prototype• Airport Surface NOTAM Viewer

3. Next-generation Flight Management System (FMS)

4. 2007 NOTAM Improvements

5. Aeronautical Information Management



Introduction to AIXM

• Standards-based approach for modeling aeronautical data– ICAO* Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)– Industry standards– Data concepts from aeronautical information products

• Originally developed by EUROCONTROL in 1990’s• AIXM 5 Developed by collaboration of EUROCONTROL, FAA,

NGA and others.• Organized into major

conceptual areas– Aerodromes – Airspace– Fixes– Procedures– Routes– Services– Obstacles

*ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization



AIXM Foundation

Others… ISO 19107Geometry

ISO 19108Temporality

ISO 19115Metadata Schema

Feature Identification

Messages and AI-X

• AIXM 5 Design Document – Model for Aeronautical Information Exchange (AI-X)– www.aixm.aero

AI-X

xNOTAM

SUA Status

Airspace Status



Digital-NOTAM prototype

• Partnership with Air Mobility Command (AMC) and National Geo-spatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)

• Proof of concept– Fully digital NOTAM data (what, when, and where)

US NOTAMSystem

NOTAM Data Model(Geo-referenced)NOTAM Data Model(Geo-referenced)

Static and DynamicAeronautical Data

Convert

Distribute

NOTAM Creation

Traditional formats and distribution channels still exist.



Airport Surface NOTAM ViewerProof of Concept

Machine readable NOTAM can be accurately filtered

and converted to any format on the fly.

Geo-referenced NOTAMs can be plotted on maps

and associated with Airport surface features.

NOTAM data can be accurately filtered by time.

Visual indicator that there is a NOTAM

Digital NOTAM ExplorerDigital NOTAM Explorer

Filter

Apply

ABQAirport:Plain Language ViewMilitary operations

Civilian, Commercial

Civilian, GA

Select User Type

Operation TypeVFR (Visual)

IFR

Time Range

8/1/200600:00

8/2/200600:00

8/3/200600:00

8/4/200600:00

8/1/200616:00

8/2/200608:00

NOTAM: 5/5454Beginning: 8/1/2006 00:00Ending: 8/3/2006 12:30

Taxiway: A-8Status: Closed



Next Generation Flight ManagementARINC Navigation Data Base eXchange (NDBX)

• FMS uses proprietary data formats

– Limiting options and competition

• Equipment Limitations– Equipment and

standard capacity limited

• < 10 year life

• Opportunity to resolve past compromises

An Airlines View on the current constrains and needed changes to pave the way for seamless operation in an increasingly changing ATM environment

The FMC evolution needs a new momentum

http://www.arinc.com/aeec/projects/ndbx/index.html

December 2006



2007 NOTAM Improvements

• FAA needs to address the issue of Local NOTAMS– One central place to pull ALL US NOTAMs

• NOTAM numbering system– Avoid re-using expired NOTAM numbers– Numbers rolled 3 times in 2006

Goal: Maximize short-term benefits



Aeronautical Information Management• Operational

– Address AI data quality and tracking directly from the point of origination

• Should airports enter status changes directly into system?

– Single portal for AIS, NOTAM, and all other AI (surveys, obstacles, …)– Integrate Special Use Airspace (SUA) status into the NOTAM system– Digital Delivery along side of legacy NOTAM delivery

• Streamline AIM policy, processes and delivery– Implement workflow management throughout AI processes

• Data Traceability and Metadata (source/author, date info, )• Tracking work throughout the data chain (survey…AIS…aircraft)

• Involve more of the community– Planning a mid-April Community NOTAM briefing

1.



Topics/6




Summary

1. Paradigm Shift– Move from legacy AIS thinking to Aeronautical Information

Management (legacy product to data)– Actions Planned

2. International Adoption– Global data exchange format

• Aeronautical Information Exchange Format (AIXM)

– Partnership

3. A couple of things to remember….



Paradigm Shift Data is the key

• Products are specifications on how data should be presented– Charts (products) have two parts

• The aeronautical data• How the data (label) should be presented (anchored to

graphic) on the document

– Products can be out-of-date the day of publication

• Quality begins at the beginning of the data chain

• Single Entry – Multiple Views

1.



Data-driven ChartsComputer-assisted cartography is available now

Location Candidate #1

Candidate #4

Candidate #2

Candidate #5

Candidate #3

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

XYZ

2. Candidate Placements

1. Offset from Attribute General Rules

Label requirements based on rules by scale

Offset based on rules

Label Location based on rules

Overlapping based on rules

1.



Single Data EntryComputer automated products are possible now

FDC 0/0000 ZAB NEWMEXICO.. FLIGHT RESTRICTION ROSWELL, NEWMEXICO. PURSUANT TO 14 CFR SECTION 91.137(A)(2) TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS ARE IN EFFECT DUE TO A HIGH SPEED ...State New Mexico

Affected Location: Roswell, New Mexico near VORTAC (CME)

Beginning Date: 3/2/2004 at 4:46 PM UTCEnding Date: Until further noticeTFR Hours: 24 hours, dailyAffected Operations:AllReason for NOTAM:Temporary flight restrictions

for high speed chaseType: Hazards...

<NotUid><txtNameAcctFac>FDC</txtNameAcctFac><dateIndexYear /><noSeqNo /> <dateIssued>1/1/0001</dateIssued><txtLocalName>BRETT TEST</txtLocalName>…</NotUid><codeTimeZone>UTC</codeTimeZone><txtDescrPurpose>

HIGH SPEED CHASE</txtDescrPurpose>...

Traditional Text

Web Text

xNOTAM (AIXM) XML

TFR Graphics

AIXM

AIXM

Different Transforms

Multiple Products/Views

1.



AIXM DeploymentGlobal Adoption and Implementation

AIXM

EuroControl Slide

2.

2006 2007 2008 2009

Sep 05AIXM 4.5

Release Candidate 2

End 2007 - AIXM 5.0Final Release

Release Candidate 1



International Adoption

1 –AIM iscore ATM enabler

2 – Enlarged scope

4–Ensure quality for all phases

of flight

5 – RegionalExcellence

8 – BusinessFocus

7 - HumanCapital

3 – Move from product to data

approach

9 - Civil/Militarypartnerships

6 - GlobalAIM

Partnerships

From 2006 Global AIS Congress

• Australia

• Canada

• China

• EuroControl

• Japan

• South Africa

• United States

2.



A couple things to remember…

• Quality from the very beginning– Quality check as data enters the system

• Authorization and accuracy

– Focus on end-to-end quality – Complete Chain-of-Custody

• Move to digital delivery of Aeronautical data– Build products from base AI data– Merge like data types (NOTAMs and SUAs)– Single entry – Multiple Views– We will still have to maintain many of our legacy formats

• Aeronautical data is not just traditional AIS and NOTAMs• Its Global…

3.



Thank You !



Definitions

• AEEC Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (ARINC)• AI Aeronautical Information (also means Artificial Intelligence)• AI-T AI Transaction• AIM Aeronautical Information Management• AIS Aeronautical Information Service• AICM Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model• AIXM Aeronautical Information Exchange Model based on XML• Annex 15 ICAO annex addressing AI Services• CARF• COI Community of Interest• FMC Flight Management Computer• FMS Flight Management System• IV&V Independent Verification &Verification• MOA Military Operating Area• NDBX Navigation Database Exchange• NOTAM Notice to Airman• SUA Special Use Airspace• UML Unified Modeling Language• WG Work Group• XML eXtendable Markup Language

presented to: aixm conference by: office of airspace and aim date: february 2007 federal aviation...

Documents

aeronautical information

aeronautical informationstatus

unsafe local notam

contradictory notam

notam surveyfaa

notam office

modeling aeronautical

digital data