presented by: dr. virginia i. clerveaux senior programme officer
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“URBAN RISK IN THE CARIBBEAN: CASE STUDY OF THE CDEMA PARTICIPATING STATES” 5 TH Caribbean Conference on Comprehensive Disaster Management “CDM: Strengthening Partnerships for Resilience”. Presented by: Dr. Virginia I. Clerveaux Senior Programme Officer - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
““URBAN RISK IN THE CARIBBEAN: URBAN RISK IN THE CARIBBEAN: CASE STUDY OF THE CDEMA CASE STUDY OF THE CDEMA
PARTICIPATING STATES”PARTICIPATING STATES”55THTH Caribbean Conference on Comprehensive Caribbean Conference on Comprehensive
Disaster ManagementDisaster Management“CDM: Strengthening Partnerships for Resilience”“CDM: Strengthening Partnerships for Resilience”
Presented by:Dr. Virginia I. Clerveaux
Senior Programme OfficerCaribbean Disaster & Emergency Management Agency
(CDEMA)
December 6-10-201
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE Overview of Urban RiskOverview of Urban Risk
1. Urbanization Trends2. Increase focus of Urban Risk
i. Centralization of DRM Capabilities in Citiesii. Economics & Infrastructural Concentration
Risk Profile of CDEMA-PSRisk Profile of CDEMA-PS Multi-hazards vulnerability
Location Size Historical Factors Climate Change Socio-economic Technological
DRR in Urban DevelopmentDRR in Urban Development
Way ForwardWay Forward04/20/23
2
OVERVIEW OF URBAN RISKOVERVIEW OF URBAN RISK
Population growth is predicted mainly to take place in cities and their urban landscapes.
In 2030- 1 in 4 persons will live in a city of 500,000 people;
Urban growth will be more pronounce in the developing countries;
Urban population in the Caribbean exceeds world average (Table 1).
1. Urbanization Trends Urbanization in Caribbean
cities sometimes surpass develop countries e.g Japan.
>20% of the population in the Caribbean resides in the capital city (Table 2)
URBANIZATION TRENDS
Region or Areas
Years (PERCENTAGES)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
World Total 33.9 33.7 41.3 41.0 51.3
Less Developed Regions
21.9 25.8 30.5 32.0 43.5
Africa 18.2 22.9 28.9 31.0 42.5
Latin America 49.5 57.4 64.7 69.0 75.2
Caribbean 38.2 45.1 52.2 55.0 64.6
East Asia 24.7 28.6 33.1 38.6 45.4
South Asia 17.8 20.5 24.0 26.0 36.1
Oceania 66.2 70.8 75.9 80.4 83.0
Table 1: Percentage Urban in World Regions & Areas 1960-2000
Table 2: Percentage Population Residing in CDEMA-PS Capital Cities
CDEMA Participating
States
Total Population Capital City Total Population living in Capital
Cities
% of Population living in Capital
city
Jamaica 2,702,000 Kingston 666,182 24.6
Barbados 281,000 Bridgetown 80,000 28.4
Trinidad & Tobago 1,333,000 Port-of-Spain 49,031 3.68
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
110,000 Kingstown 17,600 16
Haiti 9,876,402 Port-au-Prince 1,234,742 12.5
Dominica 72,000 Roseau 16,571 23
Montserrat 5,097 Plymouth
Turks & Caicos Is. 23,528 Grand Turk 3,720 15.8
Grenada 106,000 St. Georges 7,500 7.1
Saint. Lucia 172,000 Castries 61,341 35.7
Guyana 773,000 Georgetown 235,017 30.4
Suriname 502,000 Paramaribo 223,757 44.6
Bahamas 341,000 Nassau 227,940 66.8
Belize 329,000 Belmopan 13,381 4.1
Antigua & Barbuda
88,000 St. Johns 24,226 27.5
Anguilla 14,436 The Valley 1,378 9.5
British Virgin Is. 24,491 Road Town
St. Kitts & Nevis 50,000 Basseterre 15500 31
WHY THE INCREASE FOCUS ON URBAN RISK?
Economic & Infrastructural Concentration
Utilities companies Financial companies Public sector decision-making Communications Ports/airports Fuel storage
Increase level of: vulnerability poverty Pollution Disease Unplanned settlements
Centralization of DRM Capabilities in Cities NDO/NEOC National and regional
DRM capabilities National and regional
emergency wharehouses National emergency task
forces headquarted in capitals
Health services Security services Other critical response
facilities
RISK PROFILE OF CDEMA-PSRISK PROFILE OF CDEMA-PS
Vulnerability Factors:1. Location
I. Hurricane Belt (Figure 1)II. Seismically active Region (Figure 2)
2. Multi-hazard Exposure3. Size4. Climate Change5. Socio-economic6. Historical7. Technological Risk
LOCATION WITHIN THE HURRICANE BELTLOCATION WITHIN THE HURRICANE BELT
1990-1999 2000-2007
FIGURE 1: TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES AFFECTING CARIBBEAN– 1990-2007
LOCATION WITHIN EARTHQUAKE & VOLCANIC LOCATION WITHIN EARTHQUAKE & VOLCANIC REGIONREGION
Earthquake Volcano
FIGURE 2: EARTHQUAKE & VOLCANIC SOURCE IN THE CARIBBEAN
MULTI-HAZARD EXPOSURE CDEMA Participating States are Vulnerable to
Multiple Hazards including:
Hurricanes (All CDEMA participating States)
Floods (All CDEMA participating States)
Landslides (Most CDEMA participating States such as: Jamaica, Grenada,
St. Vincent etc)
Volcanoes (Montserrat, St. Vincent, Grenada etc)
Tsunamis (All CDEMA participating States)
Climate Change (All CDEMA participating States)
Earthquake (Jamaica, St. Vincent, Trinidad etc)
Drought (All CDEMA participating States)
Storm Surge (All CDEMA participating States)
Table 2: Disaster Impact in Selected CDEMA Participating States: 1970-1999
Disaster Impact Profile of CDEMA-PS
DISASTER STATISTICS FOR PARTICIPATING STATES 1900-2010
ITEM COUNTRY NO. OF EVENTS KILLED AFFECTED DAMAGE (000 US$)1 Anguilla 13 5 1,400 37,3252 Antigua & Barbuda 12 12 190,514 581,0003 Bahamas 21 60 23,403 2,568,1004 Barbados 10 61 8,428 107,2005 Belize 19 1,860 306,170 639,5046 British Virgin Islands 2 0 3 12,0007 Dominica 13 2,049 96,331 284,2508 Grenada 8 46 62,860 904,5009 Guyana 10 44 1,075,974 678,000
10 Haiti 89 241,944 11,485,813 9,055,86511 Jamaica 52 2,677 2,455,782 470,58012 Montserrat 8 43 25,240 268,00013 St. Kitts 9 6 14,280 684,90014 St. Lucia 16 87 84,125 1,136,24515 St. Vincent 15 1,698 45,694 47,10016 Suriname 3 5 36,148 5017 Trinidad & Tobago 13 47 53,187 64,12718 Turks & Caicos 6 4 2,470 500,005
TREND IN HAZARD IMPACT IN URBAN CITIES IN CDEMA-PS
Year Capital City Hazard Impact
2010 Port-au-Prince Earthquake 222,570 deaths, 300, 572 injured, 2.3M displaced
2008 Grand Turk Hurricane 80% houses damaged, $500m damages
2005 Georgetown Floods 192,000 affected, 19 deaths, >$250m damages
2004 St. Georges Hurricane 41 deaths, $800M damages
2007 Roseau Hurricane Significant damage to buildings
1999 Castries Landslide 15 deaths, 500 displaced
1996 Grand Turk Hurricane 10% housing stock, 15% utility poles destroyed
1995 Plymouth Volcano 2/3 displaced
1988 Kingston Hurricane 45 deaths
1979 Roseau Hurricane Significant damage to buildings
1961 Belize City Hurricane 307 deaths, $60m damages, 40% buildings destroyed
1960 Caribbean Tsunami
TREND IN HAZARD IMPACT IN URBAN CITIES IN
CDEMA-PS CONTD.Year Capital City Hazard Impact
1948 Castries Fire 4/5 city destroyed, Significant damage to buildings, 2293 homeless
1927 Castries Fire 17 blocks destroyed, Significant damage to buildings
1907 Kingston Earthquake/Fire
over 800 deaths, >$3m in damages
1842 Port-au-Prince/ Santo Domingo
Earthquake
1813 Castries Fire Damage on the entire island, destruction in Port-de-Paix, Morel Saint Nicolas and Santiago, 5000-6000 killed tsunamis.
1796 Castries Fire Significant damage to buildings
1770 Port-au-Prince & Santo Domingo
Earthquake Significant damage to buildings
1751 Port-au-Prince Earthquake
Grenada - Hurricane Lenny, 1999
Dominica Earthquake, 2004
DISASTER EXPERIENCES IN CDEMA DISASTER EXPERIENCES IN CDEMA PARTICIPATING STATESPARTICIPATING STATES
15
Palmiste, Grenada – Hurricane Lenny, 1999
Volcanic Eruption, Montserrat
IMPACT OF HAZARDS ON CAPITAL CITIES IN CDEMA-PS
Hurricane Ike TCI-2008
Haiti Earthquake-2010
Fire/Earthquake Jamaica-1907
Hurricane –Tomas Saint Lucia-2010
IMPACT OF HAZARDS ON CAPITAL CITIES IN CDEMA-PS
Hurricane Tomas, SVG-2010 Hurricane Richard, Belize-2010
Flooding Guyana-2010Hurricane Omar, Nevis-2008
THE WAY FORWARDTHE WAY FORWARD Need for development of urban-centered multi-
hazard plans Hazard-specific plans – note Earthquake
contingency plan in vogue Education/awareness promotion dimension Comprehensive planning
Mitigation-urban planning decision-building codes, code enforcement
What are we designing for (hurricane, all hazards)?
Technological hazard dimension of urban centres Sheltering in cities Evacuation in cities
BUILDING RESILIENCE IN CDEMA BUILDING RESILIENCE IN CDEMA PARTICIPATING STATESPARTICIPATING STATES
Tsunami Protocol Developed Enhancing National Level Multi-Hazard Plan Adaptation of Comprehensive Disaster
Management (CDM) Strategy. Model Earthquake Contingency Plan Earthquake Readiness Capacity Building project GIS-based Flood Early Warning System
“The idea of “resilience” suggests a proactive stance towards risk.”
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
MERCIMERCI BEAUCOUPBEAUCOUP
MUCHAS GRACIASMUCHAS GRACIAS
DANK U WELDANK U WEL