Presentation to the Sustainable Water Resources

Roundtable April 2006

John GasperArgonne National Laboratory

(202-488-2420, jgasper@anl.gov)

Energy and Water are inextricably linked: Energy for water and water for energy

Energy and Water are inextricably linked: Energy for water and water for energy

Energy production requires water• Thermoelectric cooling• Hydropower• Extraction and mining• Fuel Production (H2, ethanol)• Emission controls

Water production anddistribution require energy• Pumping• Treatment• Transport

Energy development is already being affected by water constraintsEnergy development is already being affected by water constraints

• Water rates in the Las Vegas Valley will go up . . . because of increased electricity costs -- Las Vegas SUN, 2002

• Utility regulators put ecology ahead of electricity in rejecting a major power plant . . . . that would use 2,500 gallons per minute to cool its steam turbines

-- Arizona Daily Sun 2002• Georgia Power Loses Bid to Draw Water from Chattahoochee

-- Miami Herald, February 2002• EPA Orders Mass. Power Plant to Reduce Water Withdrawals

-- Providence Journal, RI, July 2002• Idaho Denies Water Rights Request for Power Plants

-- U.S. Water News Online, August 2002• Pennsylvania Nuclear Power Plant to Use Wastewater from Coal Mines

-- The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 2003• Utilities Warn of Power Crunch if Flows Are Cut

-- Greenwire, July 2003• Governor of South Dakota called summit to discuss drought on the Missouri River and the impacts on irrigation, drinking-water systems, and power plants

-- News Release, February 2005

Future energy development will put new demands on water resourcesFuture energy development will put new demands on water resources

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Coal Mining

Coal Washing

Coal Slurry

Synfuel Production

Coalbed Methane

Uranium Mining

Uranium Processing

Oil Extraction

Enhanced Oil Recovery

EOR -- CO2 Injection

EOR -- Tertiary steam

Oil-Shale - in situ

Oil Sands

Oil Refining

Oil Shale - surface retort

Oil Storage

Natural gas extraction

Natural gas process

Natural gas pipeline (<1)

Hydrogen reforming

Corn for ethnaol (irrigated)

Ethanol processing

Soy for biodiesel (irrigated)

Biodiesel processing

Gallons/MMBTUth

Equivalent to1,000,000

Gallons/MWhe

@34.1% thermal to electric conversion

efficiency

• Many new technologies will be more water intensive

• Hydrogen economy would require even more water:

• Constraints will grow for energy development and power plant siting

Source: multiple sources, to appear in the DOE Report to Congress

Hydrogen Demand in Three Scenarios

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

90

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Met

ric

To

ns

(10^

6)

President's H2 Initiative DOE/NRCan 2050 StudyEIA Reference Case Extended

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

kWh

per

ac

re f

oo

t o

f w

ater

Public Water Supply Systems

Brackish Water Treatment

Sea Water Desalination

FutureToday

Power requirements for current and future water supply • Readily accessible fresh water

supplies are limited and have been fully allocated in some areas

– Pumping at deeper depths and longer conveyance distance require more energy

• New technologies to access and/or treat non-traditional water resources will require more energy per gallon of water

– Impaired water, produced water, brackish water, and sea water

Source: EPRI, 2000; Water Desalination Task Force, 2003

Future water supplies and treatment will be more energy intensiveFuture water supplies and treatment will be more energy intensive

New Science and Technology can helpNew Science and Technology can help

Understand supplies and demands better

Information systems to integrate energy-water databases

Computational science, hydrology, meteorology, energy policy & economics

Make new supplies availableNew materials and separation processesAdvanced desalinationTreatment of impaired and produced water

Use what we have more efficientlyIncrease water-use efficiency of energyOptimize water management for multi-uses

All types of R&D will be needed to address Energy~Water challengesAll types of R&D will be needed to address Energy~Water challenges

• Fundamental science for new knowledge and discoveries

• Technology development to apply new ideas to current and future problems

• Prediction/forecasting to guide R&D investments and improve decision-making

• Demonstration, testing/evaluation, and technology transfer to impact commercial markets

Congressional actions have converged with the EWN conceptsCongressional actions have converged with the EWN concepts

• Energy Policy Act gives DOE new Authorization for Water-related R&D– Sect. 979: Energy-Water Supply Technologies Program

• Water and Energy Sustainability Program– Assessments (collaboration w/ USACE and others)– Tools development for long-term planning– Report to Congress

• Domenici-Pombo Water Technology bills are pending– 2004 press conference, Senate and House introductions, but no hearings– 2005 introductions in House (H.R. 3182) and Senate (S. 1860)– Latest versions are scaled down significantly from 2004 version

FY05 appropriations are now supporting two Energy-Water effortsFY05 appropriations are now supporting two Energy-Water efforts

• Report to Congress – Consider energy and water interdependencies, trends in

energy and water supplies, threats and concerns to energy production

– Due to Congress by February 2006

• Energy-Water Roadmap for DOE– Assess emerging energy and water resource issues based

on user and stakeholder needs – Develop energy and water science and technology priorities– Due to DOE by September 2006

Report to CongressAt the Crossroads: Water Resource Impacts on Energy Security

Report to CongressAt the Crossroads: Water Resource Impacts on Energy Security

• Interdependencies– Energy Required by Water– Water Required by Energy

• Water Shortages and Impacts on Energy

• Opportunities to Secure Our Energy and Water Future

• Addressing Critical Energy – Water Challenges

Water for Energy

Executive CommitteeMeeting

Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven

8/05

Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06

9/05

9/30/06

Executive Committee consists of ~ 20 members from industry, government, and academic institutions to provide external direction and review of process.

3/06

5/06

6/06

8/06

Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee

Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop

Technology Provider Driven

Research Priorities /Strategies & Capabilities

Assessment

Peer Review

Publish

National Energy-Water Technology Roadmap ProcessNational Energy-Water Technology Roadmap Process

Timeline

Water for Energy

Executive CommitteeMeeting

Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven

8/05

Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06

9/05

9/30/06

Data, analysis, technology, policy issues of concern related to energy supply, water supply, energy impacts on water resources

Near-, mid-, long-term needs

Needs identified by representatives from industry, government, academic, NGOs

3/06

5/06

6/06

8/06

Regional Workshops to Characterize NeedsRegional Workshops to Characterize Needs

Timeline

Issues of concern identified fall into six topical areasIssues of concern identified fall into six topical areas

Integrated resource planning

Extracted and produced water

Information management systems databases and modeling

Water tech., efficiency, alternative sources

Management of surface and ground waters

Cost basis for water

Examples of Needs Common to Topical AreasExamples of Needs Common to Topical Areas

• Improved data on regional water availability and sustainability

• Coordinated regional natural resources and systems planning

• Improved materials, processes, and technologies to enhance water use efficiency and energy use efficiency

– Basic research in chemical and biological processes to improve energy and water use efficiency

– Applied research and more joint industry-government field demonstrations of emerging technologies

• Science-based and natural resource-based regulations and policy

• Improved economic evaluations of costs and benefits to reduce technology risks and accelerate implementation

Water for Energy

Executive CommitteeMeeting

Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven

8/05

Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06

9/05

9/30/06

Independent expert panel identifies gaps between needs and available information capabilities, technology

3/06

5/06

6/06

8/06

Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee

Characterization of GapsCharacterization of Gaps

Timeline

Gaps Analysis StatusGaps Analysis Status

• Workshop Held

• Draft gaps categories identified– Water supply, characterization, monitoring needs– Integrated regional resource planning and decision support tools– Water treatment– Renewable/unconventional energy technology– Biomass/biofuels– Thermoelectric power generation

• Analysis under preparation– Includes specific near-, mid-, long-term goals

Water for Energy

Executive CommitteeMeeting

Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven

8/05

Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06

9/05

9/30/06

Technology experts from industry, academia and research sectors identify potential technology- based solutions to gaps

3/06

5/06

6/06

8/06

Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee

Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop

Technology Provider Driven

Next StepsNext Steps

Timeline

Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop

Technology Provider Driven

Research Priorities /Strategies & Capabilities

Assessment

Peer Review

Publish

Energy and Water Sustainability Energy and Water Sustainability

• Growing recognition of importance of energy-water relationship in assuring energy security

• Science and technology can play an important role in meeting future energy and water needs

• Ongoing planning efforts will provide a path forward for research, development and technology innovation