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TRANSCRIPT
1 Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
Presentation to Arctic Patrol & Reconnaissance 2015
RadarSat Constellation Mission (RCM)
Colonel Jeff Dooling
Director of Space Requirements
Director General Space
Canadian Armed Forces
2 Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
Imagery © 2010 TerraMetrics NASA 2007 Jose Manuel Gómez Imagery © 2000 NASA’s Visible Earth
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Canadian RADARSAT Heritage
1995- 2013
Government
2006
Commercial
Launch – 2018
Government
• C-Band radars
• Hi-Res= ~1M
• Optimised for Wide-Area surveillance
• Unclassified data
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R2 vs RCM Contrast
R2 provides:
Mapping updated every 4 days
Canadian land mass coverage update every 3.5 weeks
Exact revisit every 24 days
Northern and southern coverage
Insufficient coverage for operational purposes (vessels, ice, pollution)dance of detection
RCM will provide:
Daily coverage/mapping of Canadian areas of interest
Canadian land mass coverage update better than weekly
Operational responsiveness
Exact revisit every 4 days
Increased maritime probability of detection
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Growing the Constellation R2 Only
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Growing the Constellation R2, RCM
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Growing the Constellation R2, RCM, RCEP
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Polar Epsilon Receiving Stations
Polar Epsilon • Leverages RADARSAT-2 Space-Based Radar • $64.5 M Ground Segment with $445M R2 Data Allocation to GoC • Rapid Continental Maritime Domain Awareness Ship Position Reports output • Imagery Product File < 15 minutes • Separate commercial SB-AIS data service $5M annually
Polar Epsilon 2 • Leverages RADARSAT Constellation
Mission • Integrated Space Segment, SB-SAR & SB-
AIS • $142 M Ground Segment • Continental Rapid dissemination < 15
minutes • Global Coverage Data available in 3 hours
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RCM Military Utility
• Maritime Domain – Unclassified Data
– Open - Ocean Surveillance
– Cueing Sensor for other assets
– All Weather Operations
– Not dependant on day light
• Arctic Domain – Includes all MDA missions
– Mapping and Charting
– Land Surveillance – CCD
– Anomaly Detection
– Establish Pattern of Life
– Very High Refresh Rates
• Expeditionary Operations – Includes all MDA missions
– Mapping and Charting
– Land Surveillance – CCD
– Anomaly Detection
– Establish Pattern of Life
– Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
– Battle Damage Assessment
– Support to Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response
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RCM FOR MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS (MDA)
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Coverage Canadian Domestic AOI
1200 nm
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Space Based Automatic Identification System (SB-AIS)
SB-AIS Field of View
• Ship self reporting system • Intended for collision avoidance
& vessel traffic services • International Maritime
Organization: Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention
• Mandated for vessels > 300 gross tons (requirement expanding)
• > 70,000 Class-A ships • Maritime VHF band (terrestrial
line-of-sight): AIS 1 - 161.975 MHz; AIS 2 - 162.025 MHz
• Broadcast ship information includes: MMSI Position Heading, Time, Course, Speed, Rate of Turn, Cargo
• Evolving into a surveillance asset: Coastal, buoy, aircraft, spacecraft.
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Global Space-Based AIS
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Transforming Maritime Domain Awareness for MDA
• Transformational Capability
• RCM detect Ships >25m
•New challenge to filter and assess many tracks
• Provides a complex picture without identification
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Identifying Vessels of Interest
•AIS payload on RCM“identifies” ships
•Non-Compliant ships are “Vessels of Interest”
• Focus on vessels with abnormal behaviour
• Cueing for Intelligence and Law Enforcement agencies
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Marshalling the Response
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RADARSAT Coverage of Major Shipping Routes
Atlantic Pacific
# of Satellites Detect (%) Track (%) Detect (%) Track (%)
R2 50 33 58 27
3 RCM 100 100 92 77
R2 + 3 RCM 100 100 100 83
Drug
Smuggling
Routes
Major
Piracy
Areas
Human
Smuggling
Routes
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Fuzing RadarSat AIS & SAR
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RCM SAR/AIS & R2
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• Sovereignty
• National Defence
• Core partner assistance
•Law Enforcement & National Security Mandate
• Integrated Border/Customs Services
• Advanced passenger / crew information
• Passenger/Crew/Goods information on arrival
C&P
TC
• Oceans Act-Safety of Navigation
• Canada Shipping Act-Surveillance and Response
•Enforce Fisheries, Oceans, & Species at Risk Acts
•Marine/inland science, hydrography & fishing
harbour structures
DND
RCMP
CBSA
CCG
Mandate & Authority to collect & share information Resources
•Marine Security Policy, Act and Regulations
•Regulatory Enforcement / SOLAS requirements
•Port State Control / Vessels Entering Canada
MSOC & RJOC Atlantic & Pacific
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OTHER RCM APPLICATIONS – WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT
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Regulatory Enforcement
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Disaster Management
Preparedness and response Disaster warning
Prevention and mitigation
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24 Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
Natural Resources Management
Crop Classification
Geology Surface water
Wetlands
Coastlines
Agriculture
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Northern Development
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Questions
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Polar Communications and
Weather (PCW) Arctic Satellite
Program Brief for Arctic Patrol and Reconnaissance, May 2015
Col Jeff Dooling
Director of Space Requirements
Canadian Department of National Defence
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PCW Strategic Context
• Canada’s Northern Strategy • Supports Northern social and economic development through enhanced
broadband capability and improved public and transportation safety • Communications and weather forecasting improves the safety and security of
the working and living environment in Northern communities
• Canada First Defence Strategy • Provides essential capability for Arctic operations through reliable and
persistent tactical narrowband and strategic wideband communications
• Whole of Government Interest • Northern communities’ communications, remote communications • Weather changes in the North – impact to global weather events
• Arctic Foreign Interests • Letters of Interest from like-minded Arctic nations indicates potential
cooperative approach to Arctic Satellite Program
• Canada’s Space Policy Framework/Defence Procurement Strategy • Meeting defence communications requirements through Whole of Government
(WoG) approach • Leverages partnerships across government, private sector, academia • Assessing International Partnership interest
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Polar Communications and Weather
(PCW) Arctic Satellite Program
A satellite constellation in a
polar-focussed orbit which
addresses Government of
Canada Northern Wideband and
Narrowband satellite
communications, Northern
weather monitoring and space
weather requirements.
COMBINED CANADIAN AND ALLIED SATCOM REQUIREMENTS
MAP LEGEND:
WIDEBAND:
24/7 coverage above 65ºN (green)
As much coverage as possible above 60ºN (orange)
As much partial coverage as possible above 55ºN (brown)
NARROWBAND:
24/7 coverage above 55°N (brown)
As much partial (i.e. non-24/7) global coverage as possible
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What will PCW provide?
• A unique Canadian satellite program
to significantly enhance communications
and weather services in the Arctic
– Communications Military and civilian wideband
Military narrowband (tactical)
– Weather Monitoring Continuous imaging of Arctic circumpolar region for weather forecasting
and emergency response, environmental and climate monitoring
– Space Weather Monitoring Monitoring of solar magnetic and particle storms
• Satellite constellation in elliptical polar orbits – Earliest launch date: 2023
– 20 year mission (5 years to develop/build, 15 years operations)
CSA PCW Video
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PCW Activities to Date
• In 2008, Government of Canada via Canadian Space Agency (CSA) initiated Feasibility Study
• Developed Mission Level Requirements • Government of Canada-owned/operated
constellation, with access offered to International Partners
• Government of Canada PCW Request for Interest released to Industry, 31 Oct 13
• Initial investigation into International Collaboration - Both military and civilian agencies
- Raised awareness and interest
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Notional PCW coverage requirements:
Narrowband (UHF) communications
– above 55oN
Wideband communications
– above 65oN
Meteorological Imaging
– above 50oN
Focus on the Arctic
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Allied Interest to Date
• Interest expressed by:
o US, Norway, Denmark
• Other interested countries /
partners:
o The Netherlands, Australia,
New Zealand
Possible PCW Wideband SATCOM Coverage
MAP LEGEND:
Canada wideband coverage (RED)
= mandatory 65⁰N-90⁰N (to complete Canadian Area of Interest)
= desired 60⁰N-90⁰N
Denmark wideband coverage (MAUVE)
= mandatory 70⁰N-90⁰N / 30⁰E-75⁰W; desired 66⁰N-90⁰N / 30⁰E-75⁰W
Norway wideband coverage (BROWN)
= mandatory 60⁰N-90⁰N / 40⁰E-40⁰W
= desired 60⁰N-90⁰N / 40⁰E-40⁰W + NW passage
US wideband coverage (BLUE) = mandatory 55⁰N-90⁰N; desired 20⁰N-90⁰N
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PCW + Allies = Strategic Synergy
DND PCW
Funding
Allied
PCW Funding /
Contributions /
Equivalent Value
Exchange
Arctic Military
Narrowband
Arctic Military
Wideband
Arctic Civilian
Wideband
Arctic Weather
Monitoring
Space Weather
Allied Contribution Possibilities Results DND Contribution
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Next Steps
• Conclude options analysis and development of Business Case
• Aggressively work towards earliest possible Request For
Proposal (RFP) release date (2015/2016)
• In parallel, conduct exploratory International Partner
discussions for possible contributions (2015/2016)
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Conclusions
• There is a strong Government of Canada
policy context for improved communications
and weather services in the Arctic
• Canadian Space Agency studies and the PCW
‘Request for Information’ to Industry (2013)
demonstrates that PCW needs can be
substantially satisfied
• There is strong industry interest and capability
to deliver this type of mission, in alignment
with the Space Policy Framework
• There are opportunities for International
Partnerships to obtain access
• PCW is an enabler for Arctic nations