presentation to 15 meeting of cpdac - cwcold.cwc.gov.in/cpdac-website/cpdac meeting/15th...

Presentation to 15th Meeting of CPDAC

Geosynthetics Applications in Coastal Protection

New Delhi ,17th August’ 17

Presented by Rajarshi & Deeraj

Agenda

Applications for Coastal protection and Ports

Products & Proposed Solutions

Project References

International Case studies

About Maccaferri

• Established in Bologna Italy in 1879

• Gabions, as river bank protection structures, were

used in 1894 for the first time; …the structure is

still working today...

• Maccaferri group has around 3000 employees

worldwide, 1 billion USD of yearly turnover, and

an industrial group working on all five continents

• The ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTION business

area has a yearly turnover of 200 million USD

About us

OVER

100 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

GEOSYNTHETICS IN BEACH EROSION MITIGATION

The key physical parameters to identify coastal erosion as a problem are: Coastal Geomorphology: Coastline type and sensitivity to coastal processes. Wind: Wind may transfer sediment from the beach environment landward on all open coastlines. Waves: They introduce energy to the coast and also a series of currents that move sediment along the shore (longshore drift) and normal to the shore (cross-shore transport). Tides: They modulate wave action, controlling energy arriving on the coast and drive groundwater fluctuation and tidal currents. Vegetation: Important for improving slope stability, consolidating sediments and providing some shoreline protection.

Coastal Erosion Parameters

Human activities that must be considered over the range of spatial and time scales are: Activities along the coast: land reclamation, port/ harbour development, Removal of dune vegetation and mangroves, other structures such as groynes and jetties typically cause erosion down-drift of the structure. Activities within river catchments/watersheds: Dam construction and river diversion cause reduction of sediment supply to the coast that contributes to coastal erosion. Onshore and offshore activities: Sand and coral mining and dredging may affect coasts. The impact of these activities will be obvious within a short period of time (one to ten years).

Coastal Erosion Parameters

Geosynthetics

Containment: Majorly Geotextile tubes(Geosystems) used for erosion protection, Flood prevention works.

Geosynthetics in Beach Erosion Mitigation - Historical Background

Protection Bund Breakwater

Groin Structure Beach Formation

Applications on the Coast

Pic taken at : LNG Petronet Kochi

Replacing Inner core Layer of Groynes with Geo textile bags / tubes

Applications on the Coast

Pic Courtesy: PILOT PROJECT IN ARATTUPUZHA ,KERALA

Recommendation of IIT Madras, Ocean Engineering Department

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Installation Methodology - Material Storage and Handling

3. Installation Methodology

Material unloading using

Cranes

Geotextile tube stacking and

storing

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Installation Methodology - Preparation of Tubes at Land


Rolling out of Geotextile tubes

Lifting of Tubes folded in Concertina

style

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Installation Methodology


Transport of Empty Tubes into the

Sea

Pipeline arrangement from slurry

pump to filling area

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Installation Methodology


Spreading of Empty Tube

Underwater

Hydraulic Filling of Geotextile Tube

(Underwater)

Marine mattresses are rock-filled containers constructed of high-strength geogrid

Applications on the Port

Mattress lengths vary up to a recommended maximum of 35 ft. Mattress thickness is usually between 8 and 12 in. for revetment applications, but thicknesses can vary between 4 in. for bedding layers up to 24 in. for heavy-duty applications exposed to waves and currents. Assuming the stone fill has a volumetric weight of about 110 lb/cu ft, a 35-ft-long, 5-ft-wide, 1-ft-thick mattress weighs approximately 9.6 tons

Shore protection mattress revetment , Cape May State Park Philadelphia

Scour apron at Seabrook, New England

Applications: 1. Under layer for Rubble-Mound Structures 2. Toe Protection. 3. Pipeline and Outfall Protection. 4. Revetment Units for Low to Moderate Wave

Exposure. 5. Scour Mats at Inlets 6. Scour Prevention Mats in Advance of Construction

of Coastal Structures. 7. Structure Foundation Mats and Bedding Layers

Where Erosion Is Problematic or Foundation Soil Strength Is Poor

Construction of Dykes using Gabions


Pic Courtesy: Proposed Solution at Nayachara Island

Tail end portion on the Nayachara Island. A Dyke structure is to be constructed with stacked Geotextile Tubes and covered with Gabion Mattress filled with Geotextile Bags towards the Estuary side.

Length: 6.9 Km Gabion walls to retain the dredged material. Front Height : 6m Wall at the back:2m Material: Zinc+PVC coated Gabions lined with geotextile and filled with dewatered non-cohesive dredged material

Quay wall using Gabions for mooring and berthing of vessels


a)A schematic sketch of Gabion block quay wall ( 1.5m-3.0m Height) b) Reinforced gabion walls for greater heights

Prefilled Gabions are placed under

the berthing platform replacing piles

Quays with an open construction, where the deck is supported on piles

Pic Courtesy: International container Trans-shipment Terminal, Cochin Port trust. (Maccaferi- India 2009-2010)

Anchorage/ protection of pipelines using ACBM

Applications for Pipeline Protection

Rectangular unit made up of concrete blocks which can be manufactured in different

thickness, joined by means of polypropylene ropes.

Articulated Concrete Block Mattress

Uses:

• Designed for pipe line protection & anchorage.

• Prevent scour action on pipeline reducing flow of fines.

Advantages:

• Materials are sea water proof - no reduction in compressive strength.

• Quick Installation leads to cost savings.

• Design life of minimum 25 years - no maintenance required.

• Easily removable

Anchorage/ protection of pipelines using SARMAC

Applications for Pipeline Protection

The Sarmac mattress is a rectangular unit made of an external geotextile covering, filled

with stones and sand asphalt mastic, internally reinforced with a steel woven wire mesh.

Articulated Concrete Block Mattress

Advantages:

• Permanent flexibility

• High unit weight

• Toughness

• Resistance to fracture

• Flexible lifting loops

• Easy to transport

• Economical to store

• Preformed shape to

facilitate positioning

Solutions using Geosynthetics

Basal reinforcement PVDs

Basal reinforcement

for Piled Embankments Geosynthetic Encased Stone

Column/Stone Column

Applications on the Port Roads

BREAKWATER

Potential Applications

Basal Reinforcement PVDs

Piled Embankment Stone Column

Other Applications

RE Wall : Design

Completed Structure

PROJECTS

Project No -1

Project : Using Geo-Textile Tubes: • Protection Bund • Construction of Groyne • Extension of Existing Break water

Client : LNG PETRO NET LTD. Construction Start Date : April 2014 Construction Completion date : January 2015 Project Brief : To provide long term solution for achieving required tranquility at the LNG Jetty, reduce siltation and protect beach from erosion.

Geotextile Tubes

• Large size tubular containers filled with sand slurry on land or in water

• Geotextile tubes are made of sewn geotextile material, they contain inlets on the top for attachment of pipe to allow hydraulic fill

• Height of geotextile tubes vary from 1.5m to 3 m, width vary between 2m to 6m

Main Applications of Geotextile Tubes

Protection Bund / Sea Wall

Seawall / Protection bund using Geotextile Tubes


Groyne Structure

Effects of Geotextile Tubes


Breakwater

• It is an offshore structure built along the shoreline to dissipate the wave energy and increase harbor

tranquility.

• The conventional rock breakwater is considered a hard structure and could pose dangers to small boats

and vessels during high tides when it is fully submerged.

• Geotextile tubes are alternative to these problems and also cost effective when compared to the

conventional rubble mound breakwaters

Geotextile Tubes : Breakwater Structure

Beach nourished due to Groin Structure

Protection Bund

Effects of Geotextile Tubes

Project No -2

Project : Construction of Artificial Submerged Reef Using Geo-synthetic Tubes Client : Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) Construction Start Date : February 2015 Construction Completion date : Going On Project Brief : Mirya Bay, located on the West Coast in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra had been subjected to severe erosion and consequently accretion. In order to mitigate the problem of erosion, Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) has proposed the construction of a Multipurpose Submerged Geotextile Reef at the Northern shoreline of Mirya Bay by installing sand filled Geotextile containers on the sea bed under water.

Submerged Reefs

• Submerged reefs are offshore structures build parallel to the shoreline.

• The main function of submerged reef is to dissipate the wave energy reaching

the shoreline

Submerged Reefs using Geotextile Tubes

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Protection from Erosion using Geotextile Tube at

Ambalapuzha - Irrigation Department Kerala

Pilot Project for 100m in Kerala

Constructed in continuation of a reformed Sea wall before the erosion

season

Work Commenced in April 2016

Local sand was made into a slurry and pumped into the tubes

In last January, Sea wall structure made of Armour stones have

collapsed completely in the southern side, but Geo systems are still

intact

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Reclamation Bunds at Ponnani Fishery Harbour – Coastal Protection Work – Kerala (India)

Reclamation Bunds at Ponnani Fishery Harbor (India)

Project No -4

Beach Erosion Control Sea Isle City, New Jersey

Project No - 5

Beach Erosion – before Application

After Construction

Geotextile Tube Installation (Italy)

Project No- 6

Problems

The proposed road is to be constructed between the Creeks.

Ground water table is high and flood level is also high during the monsoon.

Also sub grade strength was found to be CBR<2% with poor soil properties.

Pavement Stabilization - Creek Kalatalav Sanesh Road, Bhavnagar.

Project No- 7

Solution

Pavement Stabilization - Creek Kalatalav Sanesh Road, Bhavnagar.

CONCLUSIONS

• Coastal protection works using geosynthetics always need careful

considerations with a SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL APPROACH.

• Engineered products/systems can be used for solving complex

engineering problems in coastal environment.

• These products are ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AND FLEXIBLE. Their use

assures minimal disturbance to the coastal environment or aquatic life.

• Construction of structures using these advanced products involves LESS

WORK VOLUME AND EXECUTION TIME which will contribute to overall

economy compared to conventional solutions.

presentation to 15 meeting of cpdac - cwcold.cwc.gov.in/cpdac-website/cpdac meeting/15th...

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