presentation prepared by: dale lee, p.eng. may 30, 2013 dl petroleum engineering and consulting...
TRANSCRIPT
Presentation Prepared By:
Dale Lee, P.Eng.May 30, 2013
DL PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND
CONSULTING LIMITED
DL Petroleum Engineering and Consulting Ltd.
Waterflood Concepts
Our Methodology
Devon Waterfloods (Diana Goldstein)
Q&A
AGENDA
Engineering focusAnalyze reservoirs’ production performance Predict the locations of underperforming wells
Injectors and Producers Predict underperforming regions of reservoirs
Infill Drilling injector conversions
Primary Analytical Tool: Oil Field Manager (OFM)
DL PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING LIMITED
Engineering focusStatistical analyses of hydrocarbon production Spatial statistics (i.e. kriging & Regression Analysis)
Petro-physical data Pressure & Production history
PurposeOptimize hydro-carbon recovery
Make money
DL PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING LIMITED
Previous Studies: Arsenal Energy: Provost Area – Analyzing pools Bangladesh (BGFCL): Titas – non associated gas field Devon Energy: Ferrier – waterflood CNRL: Nipisi – waterflood
Grand Forks – waterflood Petro-Canada: Golden Lake – heavy oil
waterfloodBellshill Lake – bottom water driveWapiti – primary oil productionWilliston Green - waterflood
DL PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING LIMITED
Objectives of WaterfloodingMaintain pressure support above bubble point
Keep gas in solution Minimize oil viscosity (gas dissolved in oil)
Physical displacement of the oil by the waterBalance the voidage replacement ratios (VRR)VRR = (Injection/Production) at res. conditions
Optimize oil recovery
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
Pressure Temperature phase envelope
C to C1 considered waterflood zone
Petroleum Society Canadian Institute of Mining, Metal lurgy & Petroleum, Determination of Oi l and Gas Reserves, Petroleum Society Monograph No. a, Pg. 147
Criteria for WaterfloodingGeology (k, θ, Sw, heterogeneity index)
Single layer model (Buckley Leverett)Multi layer model (Dykstra and Parsons)
Gas saturation (Craig, The Reservoir Engineering Aspects Of Waterflooding)
Mobility ratios /( /(, Ideally
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
Four stages of WaterfloodingStart of injection to interference Interference to fill-upFill up to breakthroughBreakthrough to economic flood-out limit
Injection rates (piston displacement) until fill-up after fill-up
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
Recovery Factor (RF)RF = Displacement Efficiency (DE)
x Volumetric Sweep Efficiency (VSE)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
Google: https://www.google.ca/search?q=waterfl ood&hl=en&rlz=1C2SFXN_enCA499CA522&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=rG2dUa3KHIr9iQLf7oH4Cg&sqi=2&ved=0CEEQsAQ&biw=1680&bih=863, May 22, 2013 – Date Accessed
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
- Constant - Variable
Determine ROIP (Remaining oil in place) from start of waterflood
Determine OOIP (Original oil in place)
Determine recovery factor at start of waterflood
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
Example – Ferrier Unit #2 (Devon)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTS
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSFERRIER PERFORMANCE
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSVOIDAGE REPLACEMENT RATIO
𝑉𝑅𝑅=𝑞𝑤𝑖 𝛽𝑤𝑖
𝑞𝑤𝑝 𝛽𝑤𝑝+𝑞𝑜 𝛽𝑜+𝑞𝑔 𝛽𝑔
𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑉𝑅𝑅=∑𝑞𝑤𝑖𝛽𝑤𝑖
∑𝑞𝑤𝑝𝛽𝑤𝑝+∑ 𝑞𝑜𝛽𝑜+∑𝑞𝑔 𝛽𝑔
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSPRESSURE DATA ANALYSIS
1963 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 090
8000
16000
24000
32000
40000
48000
Date
Waterflood_Patterns (90)BHSI Pressure ( kpa )
Stepped Res Press ( kpa )
Interpolated Reservoir Pressure ( kpa )
Fitted Reservoir Pressure ( kpa )
STEPPED, INTERPOLATED AND FITTED PRESSURE VARIABLESWaterflood_Patterns (90)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSFLUID PVT DATA
Fractional Flow equations
Used to generate fractional flow plot as a function of water saturation, Sw, (Buckley Leverett)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSFRACTIONAL FLOW (WATER)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSFERRIER EXAMPLE
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSFRACTIONAL FLOW CURVE (WATER)
WATERFLOOD CONCEPTSPRODUCER WATER SATURATION
Our methodology delivers: Production Forecasts - Fractional Flow Analyses
Production Trends - OFM Scatter PlotsProduction Trends - Aerial Maps Individual Well Production AnalysisRegional or Pattern Production Analysis Inadequate Injection Support Identification Damaged Injector Identification
OUR METHODOLOGY
Fractional Flow equations
Used to generate fractional flow plot as a function of oil saturation, So
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (OIL)
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (OIL)
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (@SO)
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (WATER)
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (OIL)
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (GAS)
OUR METHODOLOGYFORECAST - FRACTIONAL FLOW
OUR METHODOLOGYPRODUCER OIL SATURATION
OUR METHODOLOGYPRODUCER QUADRANT ANALYSIS
OUR METHODOLOGYCONFORMANCE PLOTS
Conformance plot of recovery factor as a function of hydrocarbon pore volume injected for each pattern. The thick black line represents the average pattern
OUR METHODOLOGYCONFORMANCE PLOTS
OUR METHODOLOGYINJECTOR HALL PLOTS
The red curve is used as a base line for calculating incremental reserves (100,000 bbl)
OUR METHODOLOGYINCREMENTAL OIL CALCULATIONS
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
Oil R
ate
(CD
) per
Wel
l, m
3/d
Date
Working Forecast ParametersPhase : OilCase Name : Case1b : 6.9566Di : 0.0297993 A.e.qi : 1.5671 m3/dti : 07/30/2008te : 07/31/2018Final Rate : 1.31753 m3/dCum. Prod. : 34.273 Km3Cum. Date : 12/31/2012Reserves : 2.77498 Km3Reserves Date : 07/31/2018EUR : 37.048 Km3Forecast Ended By : TimeDB Forecast Date : Not SavedReserve Type : None
OUR METHODOLOGYSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Year 2010First regression
Fit 43 of 139 wellsSecond regression
Fit 23 of 139 wellsThird regression
Fit 11 of 139 wellsTotal fit 77 wells
± 20%
OUR METHODOLOGYSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical Study139 wells 77 modeled ±
20%16 wells under
performed46 wells over
performed (e.g. pressure support)
Statistical Limitations: Regression equations are only valid for the dataset analyzed
Attention to end points (e.g. modeling relative permeability curves)
Statistical models iterative Results can change with dataset and location
Fractional flow analysis can not be generalized One reservoir is not necessary representative of
other reservoirsEach dataset requires individual analysis
OUR METHODOLOGYSTATISTICAL LIMITATIONS
First presented at the 46 th Annual Technical Meeting May, 1995 in Banff
Published in the Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, August 1996
OUR METHODOLOGYFRACTIONAL FLOW (OIL)
NEXT: DEVON WATERFLOODS(DIANA GOLDSTEIN)