A PROJECT ON THE TOPIC

WASTE

MANAGEMENT

PROJECT BY :

NISHANT JINDALVASU MALHOTRAXI

WHEN DEVELOPING A WASTE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,

FOLLOWING POINTS SHOULD BE

CONSIDERED

The volume of waste generated.

The equipment required.

A suitable service schedule.

Knowledge of waste management

techniques.

Identify recycling opportunities.

STEPS IN WASTE

MANAGEMENT SEPARATING THE WASTE INTO

DIFFERENT TYPES.

TRANSPORTATION.

RECYCLING THE WASTE.

REUSING THE WASTE.

BURYING THE WASTE.

HANDLING OF CHEMICAL WASTES.

OUR SOLUTION TO

THE PROBLEM OF

WASTE MANAGEMENT

CONSUMING THE WASTE TO GENERATE

ELECTRICITY AND MANURE.

OUR SOLUTION TO THE

PROBLEM CONSISTS 3

PARTS:

A SMART CITY FROM WHERE WASTE

IS COLLECTED.

A BIOGAS PLANT WHICH CONVERTS

THE WASTE INTO BIOGAS.

AN ELECTRICITY GENERATOR WHICH

USES BIOGAS AS A FUEL.

1. SMART

CITY

The constructions in our smart city areequipped with solar panels and hence arealmost self sustained in terms electricityrequirements.

All the houses in the city are connectedwith a well planned drainage system.

The waste collected from the houses isseparated into organic and inorganic.

Inorganic waste is sent for recycling whilethe organic waste in sent into the biogasplant for decomposition and manufactureof biogas.

2. BIOGAS

PLANT

A LARGE SCALE BIOGAS

PLANT

Organic input materials such as foodstuff remnants, fats or sludge can be fed into the

biogas plant as substrate.

Renewable resources such as corn, beets or grass serve as feed both for animals

such as cows and pigs as well as for the micro organisms in the biogas plant.

Manure and dung are also fed into the biogas plant.

Hence, we can see the waste from the kitchens of the houses in the smart city can

be used to feed the biogas plant.

In the fermenter, heated to approx. 38-40 °C, the substrate is decomposed by the

micro organisms under exclusion of light and oxygen. The final product of this

fermentation process is biogas with methane as the main ingredient. But aggressive

hydrogen sulphide is also contained in the biogas. A fermenter made of stainless

steel has the clear advantage that it withstands the attacks of the hydrogen sulphide

and is usable for decades. Furthermore, a stainless steel fermenter provides the

opportunity to operation the biogas plant also in the thermophile temperature range

(up to 56 °C).

Once the substrate has been fermented, it is transported to the fermentation residues

end storage tank and can be retrieved from there for further utilisation.

The residues can be utilised as high quality fertiliser. The advantage: Biogas manure

has a lower viscosity and therefore penetrates into the ground more quickly.

Furthermore, the fermentation residue quite often has a higher fertiliser value and is

less intense to the olfactory senses.

But drying it and subsequently using it as dry fertiliser is also an option.

The biogas generated is stored in the roof of the tank and from there it is burned in

the power plant to generate electricity and heat.

The electric power is fed directly into the power grid.

The heat generated can be utilised to heat building or to dry wood or harvest

Thus we can see that waste from

the kitchens of houses can be

used in the biogas plants and

hence can be managed

efficiently.

3.

ELECTRICITY

GENERATOR

The electricity generator made by us is abasic representation of how biogas can beused to generate electricity.

Biogas is collected and burned to produceheat.

Heat is used to boil water and generatesteam which in turn rotates a turbine togenerate electricity.

The electricity produced can be used inwhatever way we want e.g. For streetlights, In construction work, Govt.buildings, Home use, Commercial use etc.

ABOUT

BIOGAS

COMPARISON WITH

OTHER FUELS

Why use biogas?

DISADVANTAGES The process is not very attractive

economically on a large industrial scale.Only small and efficient cities can usethem practically.

Is very difficult to enhance the efficiencyof biogas systems.

The plant requires extensivemaintenance as there are someimpurities in biogas which corrodes theplant.

Not feasible to set up at all the locationsas waste generated is not of the sametype everywhere.

BETTER ALTERNATIVE

Plasma gasification is a process whichconverts organic matter into syntheticgas, electricity, and slag using plasma. A plasmatorch powered by an electric arc is used to ionizegas and catalyze organic matter into syntheticgas and solid waste (slag). It is used commerciallyas a form of waste treatment and has been testedfor the gasification of biomass and solidhydrocarbons, such as coal, oil sands, and oilshale.

Main disadvantages of plasma technologies for waste treatment are:

Large initial investment costs relative to landfill and

The plasma flame reduces the diameter of the sampler orifice over time, necessitating occasional maintenance.

Thus, the use of the above waste management system along with the use of solar panels and wind mills can give birth to new ideal self-reliant cities which will generate electricity from renewable resources and biogas and grow their food by farming with the manure produced from the biogas plants.