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Department of Department of Civil EngineeringCivil EngineeringAHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY

OF OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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CE-452 CE-452 TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING SESSIONAL IIENGINEERING SESSIONAL II

This Presentation is done as a requirement of a Sessional This Presentation is done as a requirement of a Sessional Course-Course-

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To engineer transport mode or traffic system the most important factors are-To engineer transport mode or traffic system the most important factors are-

1.1.The available traffic volume and its capacity,The available traffic volume and its capacity,2.2.The necessary speed of vehicles to provide continuous The necessary speed of vehicles to provide continuous traffic maneuvers,traffic maneuvers,3.3.The different parameters that controls and effects The different parameters that controls and effects roadway conditionsroadway conditions..So basic study area should be comprised of as follows :-So basic study area should be comprised of as follows :-

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In this case, our study subject is ----------In this case, our study subject is ----------

TrafficTraffic VolumeVolume

StudyStudy

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This will be presented by-

GROUP NO.07GROUP NO.07

Name Student ID

Muhib Muazzam 09.02.03.044

Bakhtiar Omar Omi 09.02.03.045

Yeasin Talukder 09.02.03.046

Md. Firoz Mahmood Ovi 09.02.03.047

Shaibal Ahmed 09.02.03.049

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Let’s have a background check on the condition of vehicles in Capital of Bangladesh Let’s have a background check on the condition of vehicles in Capital of Bangladesh Dhaka City--- Dhaka City---

General InformationGeneral Information

AreaArea 815.85 sq. km (approx)815.85 sq. km (approx)

PopulationPopulation 7 million (approx.)7 million (approx.)

TemperatureTemperature Summer: max 36.7°C & min 21.1°cSummer: max 36.7°C & min 21.1°cWinter : max 31.7°C & min 10.5°cWinter : max 31.7°C & min 10.5°c

RainfallRainfall 2540 mm annually.2540 mm annually.

HumidityHumidity 80 percent (approx.)80 percent (approx.)

Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is as follows- Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is as follows-

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Income-wise use of different TransportsIncome-wise use of different Transports

High Income High Income Group (HIG)Group (HIG)

Car, Taxi Service, Micro Bus Car, Taxi Service, Micro Bus and other private    vehicles. and other private    vehicles.

Medium Medium Income Group Income Group (MIG)(MIG)

Rickshaw, Auto Rickshaw, Rickshaw, Auto Rickshaw, Bicycle, Motor Cycle,   Bicycle, Motor Cycle,   Carriage, Car, Bus, MinibusCarriage, Car, Bus, Minibus

Low Income Low Income Group (LIG)Group (LIG)

Bus and TempoBus and Tempo

Good Delivery Good Delivery (GD)(GD)

Pick up, Van, Human Driven Pick up, Van, Human Driven VanVan

HIG

LIG

MIG

GD

Relative Vehicular Relative Vehicular Distribution in Dhaka CityDistribution in Dhaka City

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ObjectiveObjective1.1. To determine of vehicle composition in traffic stream.To determine of vehicle composition in traffic stream.2.2. To determine of service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.To determine of service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.3.3. To estimate of ADT based on expansion factors.To estimate of ADT based on expansion factors.4.4. To determine directional distribution(DD).To determine directional distribution(DD).5.5. To draw flow fluctuation curves.To draw flow fluctuation curves.

Scope of The Scope of The TestTest

Magnitudes, classifications and the time and directional split of Magnitudes, classifications and the time and directional split of vehicular flows;vehicular flows;Proportions of vehicles in traffic stream;Proportions of vehicles in traffic stream;Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal variation of vehicular flows;Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal variation of vehicular flows;Flow fluctuation on different approaches at a junction or different Flow fluctuation on different approaches at a junction or different parts of a road network system.parts of a road network system.

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To define Traffic Volume study various parameters need to be introduced-To define Traffic Volume study various parameters need to be introduced-

Vehicle/FlowVehicle/FlowTotal number of vehicles that pass over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a Total number of vehicles that pass over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a given time intervalgiven time interval

Rate of FlowRate of Flow

Service Flow RateService Flow Rate

Average Daily traffic (ADT)Average Daily traffic (ADT)

Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

Expansion FactorsExpansion Factors

•The equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles passing over The equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles passing over •Time interval less than 1hr. Usually 15 minTime interval less than 1hr. Usually 15 min

•The maximum hourly rate of a roadway sectionThe maximum hourly rate of a roadway section•Time interval any given period under prevailing roadway condition Time interval any given period under prevailing roadway condition

Represent a 24-hour count at any specified locationRepresent a 24-hour count at any specified location

Represent the average 24-hour traffic volume at a given location averaged over a full 365-day Represent the average 24-hour traffic volume at a given location averaged over a full 365-day yearyear

There are 3 expansion factors. They are-There are 3 expansion factors. They are-Hourly Expansion Factors (HEF ) ;Hourly Expansion Factors (HEF ) ;Daily Expansion Factors (DEF ) ;Daily Expansion Factors (DEF ) ;Monthly Expansion Factors (MEF ).Monthly Expansion Factors (MEF ).

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Capacity : Capacity : Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles, passengers, or the Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles, passengers, or the like, per unit time, which can be accommodated under given conditions with a like, per unit time, which can be accommodated under given conditions with a reasonable expectation of occurrence.reasonable expectation of occurrence. Capacity is independent of the demand. It speaks about the physical Capacity is independent of the demand. It speaks about the physical amount of vehicles and passengers a road can afford.amount of vehicles and passengers a road can afford.

Level Of Service:Level Of Service: A term closely related to capacity and often confused with it is service A term closely related to capacity and often confused with it is service volume. When capacity gives a quantitative measure of trac, level of service or LOS volume. When capacity gives a quantitative measure of trac, level of service or LOS tries to give a qualitative measure. A service volume is the maximum number of tries to give a qualitative measure. A service volume is the maximum number of vehicles, passengers, or the like, which can be accommodated by a given facility or vehicles, passengers, or the like, which can be accommodated by a given facility or system under given conditions at a given level of service.system under given conditions at a given level of service.

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ContinuousContinuousCountCount

Control Control CountCount

Coverage Coverage CountCount

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Study LocationStudy LocationStudy Zone : Tejgaon; Industrial AreaStudy Zone : Tejgaon; Industrial Area Population : 2,20,012Population : 2,20,012 Area : 8.75 km²Area : 8.75 km² Household:Household: 37,64437,644Study Road : SHAHEED TAJUDDIN AHMED AVENUEStudy Road : SHAHEED TAJUDDIN AHMED AVENUE Length : 0.560 kmLength : 0.560 km Lanes : 3 lanes both direction; each 13 ft approximatelyLanes : 3 lanes both direction; each 13 ft approximately Width : 42 ft at intersection of SAATH RASTAWidth : 42 ft at intersection of SAATH RASTA 44 ft at intersection of FLYOVER44 ft at intersection of FLYOVER

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Before proceed to vehicle counting it is customary to do-Before proceed to vehicle counting it is customary to do-

• Pilot Survey,Pilot Survey,•Reconnaissance Surveys.Reconnaissance Surveys.

From our Reconnaissance Surveys we found that-From our Reconnaissance Surveys we found that-

• At Saath Rasta intersection there was a construction going on for a fly over .At Saath Rasta intersection there was a construction going on for a fly over .

• Most of the buildings are there educational & official.Most of the buildings are there educational & official.

• Around the metal sculpture there are about 7 manholes & about 15 potholes.Around the metal sculpture there are about 7 manholes & about 15 potholes.

• At median there are 6 median openings including both ends. At median there are 6 median openings including both ends.

• At footpath there is more than enough manholes.At footpath there is more than enough manholes.

• Along flyover to saath rasta ther is 5 and along saath rasta to flyover there is 4 local roads.Along flyover to saath rasta ther is 5 and along saath rasta to flyover there is 4 local roads.

• Along saath rasta to flyover there is 2 gas station and 1 filing stationAlong saath rasta to flyover there is 2 gas station and 1 filing station

• On street parking is common in both direction.On street parking is common in both direction.

•At Saath Rasta vehicles are actuated manually by TRAFFIC POLICE.At Saath Rasta vehicles are actuated manually by TRAFFIC POLICE.

• Although a signal actuated intersection, Fly Over intersection is manually controlled. Although a signal actuated intersection, Fly Over intersection is manually controlled.

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Location: Shatrasta to flyover

Station: In front of BG Press

Date: 20th June 2013(Thursday)

Time: Time of data collection 8:30 am to 8:45 am

Weather Condition: Sunny

Observation: Classified Vehicle Counts

Method: Direct Manual Method

Duration: 15 minutes(Short Count)

Equipment: Stop watch, Pencils, Eraser, Tally sheet(Field Data Sheet), Clip board

Number of Enumerators: Five

Conditions & SpecificationsConditions & Specifications

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Procedure of Procedure of WorksWorks

• Before the day of counting we had gone to our location for Before the day of counting we had gone to our location for a reconnaissance survey and locate necessary reference a reconnaissance survey and locate necessary reference buildings.buildings.

• On the promised day, we reached our station and observed On the promised day, we reached our station and observed the various vehicles that went by and distributed specified the various vehicles that went by and distributed specified vehicles among our 5 Enumerators to count them for 15 vehicles among our 5 Enumerators to count them for 15 minutesminutes

• We use tally to lessens our clumsiness and error of We use tally to lessens our clumsiness and error of counting.counting.

• After 15 minutes we counted the total vehicles of each After 15 minutes we counted the total vehicles of each types.types.

• Finally we prepared a field observation data sheet and filled Finally we prepared a field observation data sheet and filled the necessary data.the necessary data.

Vehicle Type Tally

Car

CNG

Bus

Motorcycles

NMT

Problems in counting

X

X

Y

Y

Saatrasta To Flyover

Position of Enumerators

Problems in counting(Continued)

X

X

Y

Y

Saatrasta To Flyover

Position of Enumerators

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Steps of Data Collection & Synchronization:Steps of Data Collection & Synchronization:Step 1 : Count the vehicle by means of manual method in this tally sheet method. Step 1 : Count the vehicle by means of manual method in this tally sheet method. Step 2 : Collect & Divide it in various types of vehicles. Step 2 : Collect & Divide it in various types of vehicles. Step 3 : Record values obtained in field survey book or any notebook.Step 3 : Record values obtained in field survey book or any notebook.Step 4 : Calculate different parameters that is related to volume studies.Step 4 : Calculate different parameters that is related to volume studies.Step 5 : Input the collected or calculated values according to suitable time Step 5 : Input the collected or calculated values according to suitable time intervals. intervals. Step 6 : Check if necessary requirements are fulfilled by data archive & results. Step 6 : Check if necessary requirements are fulfilled by data archive & results.

Formulae:Formulae:SRF=Total Counted Vehicle Manually or Automatically in an SRF=Total Counted Vehicle Manually or Automatically in an

Interval*4Interval*4TV=Total Converted Vehicles or PCU*4TV=Total Converted Vehicles or PCU*4

HEF=17.11HEF=17.11TDV=TV*HEFTDV=TV*HEF

DEF=7.012DEF=7.012TWV=TDV*DEFTWV=TDV*DEF

ADT=TWV/7ADT=TWV/7AEF=1.395AEF=1.395

AADT= ADT*AEF.AADT= ADT*AEF.

Percentage of any value = Percentage of any value =

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Arbitrary Specifications And Abbreviations: Arbitrary Specifications And Abbreviations:

F-S = Flyover to Saath Rasta.F-S = Flyover to Saath Rasta.S-F = Saath Rasta to Fly Over.S-F = Saath Rasta to Fly Over.PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent : A Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent : A Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.PCU = Passenger Car Unit.PCU = Passenger Car Unit.SFR = Service Flow Rate.SFR = Service Flow Rate.TV = Total Volume.TV = Total Volume.TDV = Total 24 Hour or Daily Volume.TDV = Total 24 Hour or Daily Volume.TWV = Total 7-Days or Weekly Volume.TWV = Total 7-Days or Weekly Volume.ADT = Average Daily Volume.ADT = Average Daily Volume.AADT = Annual Average Daily VolumeAADT = Annual Average Daily VolumeDD = Directional Distribution.DD = Directional Distribution.TAF = Total Annual Flow.TAF = Total Annual Flow.SD = Standard Deviation.SD = Standard Deviation.VPH = Vehicle Per Hour or veh/hr.VPH = Vehicle Per Hour or veh/hr.VPD = Vehicle Per Day or veh/day.VPD = Vehicle Per Day or veh/day.RHD = Roads and Highway Department.RHD = Roads and Highway Department.AASHTO = American Association of State Highway And Transportation Officials.AASHTO = American Association of State Highway And Transportation Officials.TYPE I = Car, Jeep, Micro, Taxi.TYPE I = Car, Jeep, Micro, Taxi.TYPE II = 3-wheeler.TYPE II = 3-wheeler.TYPE III = Bus.TYPE III = Bus.TYPE IV = Motorcycle.TYPE IV = Motorcycle.TYPE V = NMT = Non-Mechanized Transport.TYPE V = NMT = Non-Mechanized Transport.TYPE VI = Utility & othersTYPE VI = Utility & others

Time IntervalsTime Intervals Used Time Intervals for Flow Used Time Intervals for Flow FuctuationFuctuation

8:15-8:30AM8:15-8:30AM9:00-10:00AM9:00-10:00AM

8:30-8:45AM8:30-8:45AM10:00-11:00AM10:00-11:00AM

8:45:9:00AM8:45:9:00AM11:00-12:00AM11:00-12:00AM

9:00-9:15AM9:00-9:15AM12:00-1:00AM12:00-1:00AM

9:15-9:30AM9:15-9:30AM1:00-2:00AM1:00-2:00AM

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Data Synchronization for Flow FluctuationData Synchronization for Flow Fluctuation

For Traffic Along Fly Over to Sath Rasta For Traffic Along Fly Over to Sath Rasta

Between 8:30-8:45AMBetween 8:30-8:45AM TCV for Type I vehicle is 262 whose PCE=1TCV for Type I vehicle is 262 whose PCE=1 PCU = 262*1 = 262 PCU = 262*1 = 262

Between 8:30-8:45AMBetween 8:30-8:45AM TCV = 511; So, SFR = TCV*4 = 2044.TCV = 511; So, SFR = TCV*4 = 2044. PCU = 475; So, TV = PCU*4 = 1900. PCU = 475; So, TV = PCU*4 = 1900. TDV = TV*HEF =1900* 17.11= 32509.TDV = TV*HEF =1900* 17.11= 32509. TWV = TDV*DEF = 32509*7.012 = 227953.TWV = TDV*DEF = 32509*7.012 = 227953. ADT = TWV/7 = 227953/7 = 325695.ADT = TWV/7 = 227953/7 = 325695. AADT = ADT*1.395 = 25695*1.395 = 45427.8. AADT = ADT*1.395 = 25695*1.395 = 45427.8.

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For Traffic Along Sath Rasta to Fly Over For Traffic Along Sath Rasta to Fly Over

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Directional DistributionDirectional Distribution

DirectionDirection % By TV% By TV % By SFR% By SFR % By ADT% By ADT

F-SF-S 4545 4444 4545

S-FS-F 5555 5656 5555

For Total Vehicular SplitFor Total Vehicular Split

For Individual Vehicular SplitFor Individual Vehicular Split

Along F-S Direction total ADT = 137787 Along S-F Direction total ADT = 168274% ADT along F-S = 137787/(137787+168274) = 45%% ADT along S-F = 168274/(137787+168274) = 55%

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Total Vehicular Distribution On the Study LocationTotal Vehicular Distribution On the Study Location

   F-SF-S S-FS-F totaltotal % Vehicle% Vehicle PCEPCE PCUPCU %PCU%PCU

Type IType I 11361136 15501550 26862686 54%54% 11 26862686 60%60%

Type IIType II 500500 615615 11151115 22%22% 0.50.5 557.5557.5 12%12%

Type IIIType III 181181 164164 345345 7%7% 33 10351035 23%23%

Type IVType IV 278278 395395 673673 13%13% 0.10.1 67.367.3 2%2%

Type VType V 9898 4747 145145 3%3% 0.50.5 72.572.5 2%2%

Type VIType VI 44 4242 4646 1%1% 11 4646 1%1%

         5010 5010  100%100%    4464.34464.3 100%100%

Sum of Counted Sum of Counted VehiclesVehicles

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Flow Fluctuation for Individual Vehicular Split Flow Fluctuation for Individual Vehicular Split Along F-SAlong F-S

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Along S-FAlong S-F

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Is Bangladesh really a Is Bangladesh really a developing country?developing country?

Result Analysis & DiscussionResult Analysis & Discussion

• Result is the most critical part in a survey or Result is the most critical part in a survey or project or data-based research. project or data-based research.

• Result decides or gives an overview on Result decides or gives an overview on whether the value we have got or collected is whether the value we have got or collected is good or insufficient to go further in our good or insufficient to go further in our research. research.

Result Analysis & DiscussionResult Analysis & Discussion(continued)(continued)

Total SFR Total SFR Avg. SFR Avg. SFR For 1hr & 15 min.For 1hr & 15 min.

8788 vph 8788 vph 1757.6 vph1757.6 vph

Total SFR Total SFR Avg. SFR Avg. SFR For 1hr & 15 min.For 1hr & 15 min.

11252 vph 11252 vph 2250.4 vph2250.4 vph

Comparison of Service Flow Rate (SFR)Comparison of Service Flow Rate (SFR)

Along Flyover - ShatrastaAlong Flyover - Shatrasta

Along Shatrasta - FlyoverAlong Shatrasta - Flyover

ReasonReason for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to Flyover for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to Flyover

LegunaLeguna

• Farmgate to NabiscoFarmgate to Nabisco• Follows one way routeFollows one way route

Route usedRoute used

• ShatrastaShatrasta• Nakhalpara Nakhalpara

Reason for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to Reason for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to FlyoverFlyover(continued)(continued)

Comparison of ADT & % of Vehicle along S-F & F-S Comparison of ADT & % of Vehicle along S-F & F-S DirectionDirection

•In the pie charts of %DD it is In the pie charts of %DD it is seen that direction S-F has the seen that direction S-F has the greater value. greater value.

•In the pie charts for vehicle In the pie charts for vehicle composition it is seen that there is composition it is seen that there is always greater percentage of always greater percentage of private transport(Car, Jeep or private transport(Car, Jeep or micro) than public transport(bus).micro) than public transport(bus).

Comparison of Total ADT of assumed 1hr Comparison of Total ADT of assumed 1hr interval interval

Conclusion & RecommendationConclusion & Recommendation

SFR may be increased by Increasing

• Lane width

• Lateral clearances

• Free-flow speed Implementing

• Smoother terrain

• Selection of geometric design for an intersection

Performing diverging & weaving analysis

A separate A separate lane for NMT lane for NMT

may be may be deployed to deployed to

remove remove congestion.congestion.

Conclusion & RecommendationConclusion & Recommendation(continued)(continued)

• Traffic volume counting Traffic volume counting should be automatic and most should be automatic and most importantly contactless importantly contactless method as it is not clumsy.method as it is not clumsy.

• Before final survey Before final survey reconnaissance survey or pilot reconnaissance survey or pilot survey is necessary.survey is necessary.

• Choose a vintage point; if not Choose a vintage point; if not possible then select a possible then select a reference station.reference station.

• In case of manual counting In case of manual counting try to keep a hand counting try to keep a hand counting machine.machine.

• Wear retro-refractive dresses.Wear retro-refractive dresses.

ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention