presentation on personality 1228345335903215 9

8/8/2019 Presentation on Personality 1228345335903215 9

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

PersonalityCollected By:

Seyed Ali Marjaie

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Reference: http://www.prenticehall.com/



© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 4–2

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,

YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Explain the factors that determine an

individual’s personality.

2. Describe the MBTI personality framework.

3. Identify the key traits in the Big Five

personality model.

4. Explain the impact of job typology on the

personality/job performance relationship.5. How to measure personality

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What is Personality?

When we talk of personality, we don’t mean that a person hascharm, a positive attitude toward life, a smiling face, or is a

finalist for “ Happiest and Friendliest” in this year’s Miss

America contest.

When psychologists talk of personality, they mean a dynamicconcept describing the growth and development of a person’s

whole psychological system.

Rather than looking at parts of the person, personality looks

at some aggregate whole that is greater than the sum of the

parts.




What is Personality?




Personality Determinants

• Heredity

• Environment

• Situation

• Heredity

• Environment

• Situation

Heredity: refers to those factors that were determined at conception.Physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, energy

level etc.

Environment: Among the factors that exert pressures on our personality

formation are the culture in which we are raised, our early conditioning,

the norms among our family, friends and social groups etc.

Situation: A third, the situation, influences the effects of heredity and

environment on personality. An individual’s generally stable and

consistent, does change in different situations.




Personality Traits

Sixteen

Primary

Traits




The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

MBTI is one of the most widely

used personality frameworks

which has no hard evidence as

valid measure of personality.




The Big Five Model




Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of control

Machiavellianism

Self-esteem

Self-monitoring Propensity for risk taking

Type A personality




Locus of Control




Machiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Distracting emotions

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Distracting emotions




Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring




Risk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers

– Make quicker decisions.

– Use less information to make decisions.

– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurialorganizations.

Low Risk-taking Managers– Are slower to make decisions.

– Require more information before making decisions.

– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments.

Risk Propensity

– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to jobrequirements should be beneficial to organizations.




Personality Types




Personality Assessment

How does one measure another’s personality?

Methods include:

– interviews and observation– projective personality tests

– objective personality tests

We will now discuss each of these in some depth




Interviews and Observation

Interviews consist of dialogue with the person in an effort

to detect their ideas, beliefs, and values

– when you first meet someone you have likely

engaged in this method of personality assessment

Observation consists of watching the person in various

situations over time in an effort to discern their ideas,

beliefs, values, and behavior patterns




Projective Personality Tests

These are based on the belief that the unconscious mind

contains the roots of personality

They are based on a psychoanalytic view of personality

Types of projective tests include:

– Rorshach Inkblot test

– Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

– Word- and free-association tests




Evaluation of Personality Tests

Results of research on personality tests suggest

caution in relying exclusively on the

interpretations of personality tests

Results suggest that personality tests are useful,

but that results from these tests should be used

to confirm other data gathered on a person andnot used as the sole assessment tool




Application of Psychology

Situational influences on personality in everyday

life

– situations in our lives have a powerful influenceon our general behavior

– situations can, if extreme, radically change ourgeneral way of behaving

• would you ever consider eating another human?

• would you ever consider drinking urine?

• would you ever kill, lie, or commit adultery?

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