Presentation

OnPhathogen of Meningitis

M d . K a m r u z z a m a n

S i a m

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Points of Presentation Topic:

Definition of meningitis

Causative organisms

Symptoms of Meningitis

Treatment of Meningitis

Prevention

What is meningitis?

The word “meningitis” comes frome the Morden

Latin word meninga and greek word Menix meaning

“membrane”.

The sufffix “itis” comes frome the greek word itis

meaning “pertaining to”.

In medical English, the suffix “itis” means

“inflammation of”.

Definition:

• Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges .

• The meninges is the collective name for the three membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord, called the pia, arachnoid, and dura mater.

• The meninges’ main function, alongside the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.

Causative organisms

Neisseria meningitidis• NasopharynxStreptococcus pneumonia• Nasopharynx,direct extension across skull fractureListeria monocytogenes• GI tract,placentaCoagulase-negative staphylococcus• Dermal of foreign bodyStaphylococcus aureus• Bacteremia,dermal,or foreign bodyGram negative rods• VariousHaemophilus influenza• Nasopharynx

Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis

Common Symptoms over the age of 2 years old ......High fever, headache, and stiff neck.Can develop over several hours or take up to 1 to 2days.

Other symptoms: nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking in bright lights, confusion, and sleepiness.

Newborns/infants- common symptoms are high fever, headache, neck stiffness, may appear slow,inactive, vomiting, irritable, or be feeding poorly.

At any age, seizures may occur as Diseaseprogresses.

Risk factors of Meningitis

• Age- Viral meningitis occur in children younger than age 5

• Bacterial meningitis most commonly occurs in pre-teens and young adults

• Community Setting: this infection spreads quickly in large groups such as college students living in dormitories, military personnel, and children in childcare facilities are at high risk

• Pregnancy- increased risk of listeriosis, which this bacteria can also cause meningitis.

• Working with animals- dairy farmers, ranchers, or others who work with domestic animals have an increased risk of listeriosis which can cause meningitis

• Weakened immune system-diseases, medications and surgical procedure can increase the risk of meningitis

Treatment

Initiated as soon as possibleDelay of therapy associated with increased

mortalityDelay associated with increased complicationsIf LP delayed due to needing a CT-blood cultures

and start empiric therapyLP as soon as it is safe-longer the time between

antibiotics and the LP-decreased return of the CSF culture results

Treatment of Meningitis

Regime A• Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 6 weeks• Streptomycin 1g IM daily for 14-21 daysRegime B• Doxycycline 100 mg po bid and rifampin 600 mg po daily for

6 weeksOsteoarticular disease• Regime B and streptomycin-treat up to 5 monthsNeurobrucellosis• Three drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier• Regime B and septra-treat until CSF returns to normalEndocarditis• Treat for months-three drugs• Valve replacementAccidental animal vaccine exposure• Full course of antibiotic treatment

How to Prevent Meningitis

Even though the disease is rare, it can result in severe, permanent disabilities and death, so it is important to take every precaution to help protect

against it

BehavioralDo not share water bottles, utensils, share “bites” of your food, instruments with mouthpieces, etc.

Try to stay away from friends who are displaying flu-like symptoms

Get sufficient rest

MedicalHealth officials recommend routine vaccination of adolescents, with a first dose at 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years

Getting the booster, which is sometimes overlooked, is critical to provide protection through adolescence into young adulthood

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