FUTURE TRENDS IN GIS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR DATA MANAGEMENT

EFFICIENCY

DBMSData Base Management System (DBMS) is basically a program that is designed

to store and manage large amounts of data and provides controlled access to

the database to the users.-Allow storage, retrieval and selection of data-Standardize access to data-Provide interface between database and application program based on logical data description-Allow several users to access the data simultaneously-Protect the database from indiscriminate and illegal changes-Provide sound rules for data consistency

MILITARY• Analysis of geomorphologic features terrain for fight

through GIS ,Remote sensing techniques• Collection of as much as possible spatial data to suit the

Commander’s requirements to make effective decisions

GROUND SURFACE SPARTIAL FEATURES REPRESENTATION

CLIMATE CHANGE AND METADATABASES

Flood risk avoidance/mitigation in areas prone to floods through the use of GIS Documentation of GIS systems,geospatial data Red –very high flood riskYellow-high flood riskGreen-moderate flood riskBrown-low flood riskMaroon-very low flood risk

GIS AND HEALTHEfforts to tackle the enormous burden of ill-health in low-income countries are hampered

by the lack of functioning health information structures to provide reliable health statistics.

GIS can be used to map location of health facilities in different locations and their proximity

to the nearest community.

GIS can layer information about endemity of a particular disease in a particular location in

relation to other factors such as environmental conditions.

GIS is used to locate persons with particular health problems therefore the spatial time

series analysis of the spread of the disease and the effects of environmental conditions on

the disease can be known.

GIS AND WILDLIFEHuman-caused disruptions, such as habitat loss, pollution, invasive species introduction, and climate

change, are all threats to wildlife health and biodiversity.

Habitat requirements and ranges whereby GIS can be used to show habitat suitability for different species

for example grassland would be more suitable for animals such as zebras and antelope

Population patches and linkages where species interact with one another. The satellite images can show

where populations are dense or scattered and GPS to show the location of the populations.

Population patches and linkages where species interact with one another. The satellite images can show

where populations are dense or scattered and GPS to show the location of the populations

GIS also helps in tracking threatened animals

Land management- land use planning to solve problems such as demolition of structures on road reserves, overlap of land

boundaries, land grabbing and land use conflicts around the country.

- Encourage investments as the issue of distrust and inconclusive title deeds will be addressed through the use of

cadastral mapping

- Citizens will be able to locate properties that meet their needs more easily while conveyancing will be cheaper

and more secure.

- Planners will find it easier to locate suitable places for development and determine the constraints on their use.

- Governments will be able to tax land and property more equitably and make more informed judgements where

there are competing proposals for land use.

Urban zoning

GeodemographicsGeo-demographics is the study of population types and their dynamics as they

vary by geographical area.

Information such as population increase or decrease, migratory movement,

losses caused by warfare, spending, lifestyle, town planning, capacity

building, structures can also be accessed and aid in the decision making

process of allocation of resources such as finances to accommodate the

growing population.

GIS AND TELECOMMUNICATION1.COMMUNICATION OF HAZARDS: -

i. COMPUTER AIDED DISPATCHii. MODEL AND MAP POTENTIAL DISASTERS LIKE EARTHQUAKESiii. ASSESSING RISK AND HAZARDS OF EARTHQUAKES IN RELATION

TO POPULATIONSiv. SUPPORTS RELIEF EFFORTS BY NGOS BY INCIDENT MODELLING

2. GIS IN TRAFFIC ANALYSIS:-v. VISUALIZATION OF TRAFFIC IN A MAPvi. TRAFFIC ANALYSIS FOR ALTERNATIVE ROUTES WITH LESS TRAFFIC

GIS AND SECURITY-GEOMAPPING OF CRIME PATTERNS - SHOW CRIME AREAS AND DISTRIBUTION

-GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING - SHOW LOCATION OF OFFENDER, AIDS IN INVESTIGATIONS

-SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAFFIC – SHOW TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS AND VEHICLE MOVEMENT ON ROADS

AGRICULTURE• Increased High resolution industry (less than

1m) integrated for multidisciplinary research and global studies on new scientific trends.

• Increased position information precision and accuracy of data display used in used boundary mapping, accurate analysis of soil characteristics

• Advancing of geoinformatic technology GIS, GPS and Remote sensing development in analysis of crops at less than 1cm . Recent technological developments include web based platforms that can compare a picture of a stressed leaf taken on the field with a library of similar photos and help enable a farmer with diagnosing the problem.

Such as low cost autonomous drones and remotely piloted vehicles with high spectral resolution tested by NASA used in various disciplines inclusive agriculture.

Cartographic map showing precise positional information of farming patterns of farms in

Increased use of developments in cloud computing and storage of agricultural related information.

MINING• Increased visualization of graphics

of accuracy higher than 3D geological models at global level• Advancing mobile interactions with

field workers in regional and local levels• Increased correlation of data, input

of data information using geoinformatics increasing efficiency in analysis, prediction and data management at regional and local levels

Diagrams of lithium ore deposit in Afghanistan are in 3D display

For example using smart phones application to analyze rock materials from high accuracy satellite images.

Data information such as mineral resources, hydrology, ecosystem, biodiversity, and alternative land-uses, giving basis for smart decision making.

MINING3D VISUALIZATION OF COPPER ORE DEPTH IN AFGHANISTAN

REAL ESTATE VALUATION

Property value is a function of location, physical, legal and economic factors.Traditionally, property valuation depended on valuer's expert knowledge of a locality.GIS- based property information system is a quantitative approach that involves analysis of spatial property information.The database contain all the geographical representation of property information at the individual property level.The database is also important for property tax mapping.

Limitations of the use of geoinfromatic systems for data management efficiency

-Lack of awareness of the potential for GIS to act as anything more than automated map editing systems

-A large effort may be needed to convert existing analog data to digital form, or different digital data types into a

common format.

-Lack of technical capacity to interprate geoinformatic maps and images

-While current GIS are most effective when dealing with static two-dimensional digital map data, many

environmental data sets are inherently 3D, as in solid geology, or even 4D, as with marine and atmospheric

circulation data sets. As a result environmental scientists have developed their own sophisticated systems for

simulation process modelling which often include data capture, storage and display facilities