presentation of contractor’s report “california 2008 statewide waste characterization study”...
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Part 1 - Background What is waste characterization? Why it is important? How do we do it? Board studiesTRANSCRIPT
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Presentation of Contractor’s Report “California 2008
Statewide Waste Characterization Study”
CIWMB Strategic Policy Development Committee
September 9, 2009
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Presentation in 3 Parts
• Background• Results• Policy Implications
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Part 1 - Background
• What is waste characterization?• Why it is important?• How do we do it?• Board studies 1999-2009
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What is Waste Characterization?• Determine what’s disposed in landfills• Determine types and amounts of paper, food,
glass, metal, etc. in the waste stream• Profiles for each source of waste:
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Residential Sector =
Single Family Multifamily
Commercial Sector =
Businesses, Industries, Institutions
Government,
Self-hauled Sector =
Commercial Self-haulers(contractors, landscapers)
Residential Self-haulers(homeowners)
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Why is it important?
For effective diversion programs and waste management strategies, need to know:
• Not only WHAT is in the waste stream, but WHERE it came from
• How the waste stream changes over time• Current information to support policy decisions
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How to do a Waste Characterization Study
• Take samples from garbage trucks or dumpsters
• Sort materials• Record weights• Survey incoming vehicles• Compile data
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CIWMB Studies 1999-20091999 – First statewide study, details on commercial sector by
business types2004 – Smaller study, composition & amounts by larger sectors
• most like 2008 study2006 – Four targeted studies
• commercial sector details for select business groups, including recycling data
• construction and demolition waste• detailed study of commercial self-haul• Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) residuals
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Overview – 2008 Study
• 40 disposal sites throughout the state• Data collected over 4 seasons in 2008• 751 waste samples sorted by hand• 6,896 vehicles surveyed for sector of origin• Data aggregation and statistical analysis to
develop statewide composition and quantities
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2008 Study – Special Data Collection
• Recyclable materials assessed for contamination
• Roofing materials tested for asbestos• More details on lumber and plastic
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Part 2 - Key Results
• Overall composition• Sector breakdown• Changes since 2004• Special data highlights
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Composition of California’s Overall Disposed Waste Stream by Major Category, 2008
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Top 10 Disposed Materials Overall, 2008
Material Type Percent Cumulative Percent
Food 15.5 15.5
Lumber 14.5 30.0
Remainder/Composite Inerts & Other* 5.5 35.5
Remainder/Composite Paper* 5.2 40.7
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 4.8 45.5
Remainder/Composite Organic* 4.3 49.8
Leaves & Grass 3.8 53.6
Bulky Items 3.5 57.1
Carpet 3.2 60.3
Rock, Soil, & Fines 3.2 63.5
* “Remainder/Composite” material types include miscellaneous materials that don’t fit other categories 19
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Recoverable Materials in Overall DisposalRecyclable Materials•Cardboard•Most Paper•Recyclable Glass•Recyclable Metals•HDPE, PETE, Some Film Plastic•E-wasteCompostable Materials•Food•Leaves/Grass•Other Yard Waste•A Portion of Non-recyclable PaperRecoverable Inerts•Concrete•Asphalt Paving•Asphalt Roofing•Lumber•Gypsum Board•Rock, Soil, Fines 20
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Contribution of Each Sector to Statewide Overall Disposal, 2008
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Changes in the Overall Waste Stream Since 2004
• Sector proportions about the same• Decreases in some categories:
– Paper decreased from 8.4 million tons to 6.9 million tons– Glass decreased from 0.9 million tons to 0.6 million tons– Metal decreased from 3.1 million tons to 1.8 million tons
• Plastic and organics about the same• Significant increase in “Inerts & Other” category
– Driven by increase in lumber from 10% to 15% of the waste stream (from 3.9 million tons to 5.8 million tons)
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Results of Special Data CollectionContamination Study – looked at condition and source of contamination for commonly recycled paper, metal, plastic
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Contaminated at Source
Contaminated During Collection
Clean
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Most Recyclable Materials in Loads are Clean Enough for Recycling
Metal & Plastic Contamination
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Paper Contamination
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Details on LumberMaterial Type Percent of Overall
WastePercent of Lumber
Dimensional Lumber 3.0 21
Engineered Wood (plywood, particle board, etc.)
2.7 19
Pallets & Crates 2.5 17
Other Wood Waste 6.4 44
TOTAL 14.5 100
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“Clean” wood types are commonly accepted for compost and mulch production and are 56% of lumber and 8% of all waste disposed
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Asbestos in Roofing
• 5 material types sampled• 191 samples from loads throughout the state
analyzed using US EPA technique• Asbestos found in one sample – mastic*
– New California data relieves asbestos concern• Projects around U.S use material in road base• Caltrans: no specifications or demonstration
projects for use in road base
*Mastic is a paste-like material used as an adhesive or seal in roofing applications
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PETE Plastic Bottles
• PETE = polyethylene terephthalate (e.g., water bottles, soft drink bottles, #1 recycling label)
• PETE Containers are 0.5% of waste by weight• “PETE Containers” sorted in more detail• Water Bottles less than 1 liter in size are 26%
of all PETE Containers disposed
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Part 3 - Key Policy Implications
• Organics• Commercial Waste Recycling• Climate Change – measuring reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions
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Organics (excluding paper) - 11 Million Tons Disposed
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Implications for Organics
Diverting half of only these organics (Strategic Directive 6.1) would:– Increase statewide diversion from 59% to 74%– Use 6 million tons of resources for compost,
bioenergy, and biofuels– Impact facilities, technology, cross-media issues– Keep these methane producers out of landfills– Meet AB 32 goals and Strategic Directives
• Low-carbon Fuel, Renewable Portfolio Standards, anaerobic digestion
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Commercial Waste*
• Some businesses already divert a lot, some don’t• Largest part of waste stream• Most prevalent material types:
– Lumber – 16% (almost 3 million tons)– Food – 15% (almost 3 million tons)– Cardboard – 7% (about 1 million tons)
• Two thirds of commonly recyclable materials are clean enough for immediate recycling
* not including commercial self-haul or multifamily
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Composition of California’s Commercial Disposed Waste Stream by Major Category, 2008
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Common Recyclables Disposed in Commercial Waste*
34* Not including Organics or Inert Materials
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Implications for Commercial Recycling
• Materials available:– 6 million tons food and lumber– 3 million tons common recyclables
• Mandatory commercial recycling:– Proposed legislation– AB 32 measure– Developing regulations
• Diverting 75% of commercial recyclables (other than organics) would increase diversion 2.3 million tons
• Recycling methods/facilities exist – need expansion35
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Climate Change Measurement
Waste characterization data supports AB 32:– amounts and sources of feedstocks for
compost, mulch, biofuels– types and amounts of recyclables in
commercial waste– amounts and sources of feedstocks for
anaerobic digestion
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Climate Change Measurement (cont.)
• Use data on changes in disposal to estimate statewide emissions reductions
• Tons of specific materials diverted can be translated to MMTCO2e
• Easier/more accurate to measure disposal than diversion
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Summary – Big Picture
• Comprehensive information on disposed waste– Commercial is biggest sector– Organics (food) and Inerts/Other (lumber) are biggest
types, paper also significant• Many materials clean enough to be recycled• Huge potential - more diversion/GHG reductions
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Summary – Some Details
• Data on materials/sources can guide next steps• Special information answers specific questions
– low contamination rates for recyclables– asbestos in roofing almost non-existent– Most wood clean enough for compost/mulch
• Even more information in the report!
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Questions?