presentation lung cancer latest

7/30/2019 Presentation Lung Cancer Latest

1/67


2/67


3/67


4/67


5/67


6/67


7/67


8/67


9/67


10/67


11/67


12/67


13/67


14/67


15/67


16/67


17/67


18/67


19/67


20/67

The leading cause of cancer death amongmen and women

Begins when cells in the lung grow out of

control and form a tumor

There are two main types of lung cancer:

non-small cell and small cell


21/67


22/67

Predisposing Factor:

Genetics

Precipitating Factors:

Environment

Viruses

Diet

Tobacco Use

Lifestyle

UV Exposure

Other Carcinogens

Cellular DNA mutation

Malignant Cellular Proliferation

Immune System Failure to destroy Cancer Cells

Malignant Cellular Survival


23/67

C hanges in bladder or bowel habits

A sore that fails to heal

U unusual bleeding or discharges

T hickening of the lump

I

ndigestion or difficulty swallowing

O bvious changes in warts, moles or the skin

N aging cough or hoarseness of voice

U explained anemia

S- udden loss of weight

Normal Cell Death

Malignant Cellular Compression on Normal Cells

Malignant cellular Deprivation of Normal Cells of Nutrition and other substances for sustenance


24/67


25/67


26/67


27/67


28/67

Lung Cancer Staging

Staging is a way of describing a cancer, such as the size of

the tumor and where it has spread

Staging is the most important tool doctors have to

determine a patients prognosis

The type of treatment a person receives depends on thestage of the cancer

Staging is different for non-small cell lung cancer and small

cell lung cancer


29/67


30/67

Cancer is found

Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The cancer has spread tolymph nodes in the lungTreatment is surgery toremove the tumor andnearby lymph nodesChemotherapy

recommended; radiationtherapy sometimes givenafter chemotherapy


31/67

Cancer is found

Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The cancer has spread to the lymph nodes

located in the center of the chest, outside

the lung

Stage IIIA cancer has spread to lymph

nodes in the chest, on the same sidewhere the cancer originated

Stage IIIB cancer has spread to lymph

nodes on the opposite side of the chest,

under the collarbone, or the pleura (lining

of the chest cavity)

Surgery or radiation therapy with

chemotherapy recommended for stage

IIIA

Chemotherapy and sometimes radiation

therapy recommended for stage IIIB


32/67

The cancer has spread

to different lobes of the

lung or to other organs,

such as the brain,bones, and liver

Stage IV non-small cell

lung cancer is treated

with chemotherapy


33/67

Patients with limited stage (confined to one area of the chest) small

cell lung cancer are treated with simultaneous radiation therapy and

chemotherapy

Patients with extensive stage (not confined to one area of the chest)

small cell lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy only

Because small cell lung cancer can spread to the brain, preventative

radiation therapy to the brain is routinely recommended to allpatients whose tumors disappear following chemotherapy and

radiation therapy


34/67


35/67

Radiation ExposureSmoking

Environmental/Occupational Exposure

-Asbestos

-Radon

-Passive smoke


36/67

Smoking Facts

Tobacco use is the

leading cause of lungcancer87% of lung cancers arerelated to smoking

Risk related to:-age of smoking onset-amount smoked-gender-product smoked-depth of inhalation


37/67


38/67

Many symptoms of lung cancer affect the chest and air passages. These

include:

Persistent or intense coughing

Pain in the chest shoulder, or back from coughing

Changes in color of the mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (sputum)Difficulty breathing and swallowing

Hoarseness of the voiceMany symptoms of lung cancer affect the chest and air

passages. These include:

Persistent or intense coughing

Pain in the chest shoulder, or back from coughing

Changes in color of the mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (sputum)Difficulty breathing and swallowing

Hoarseness of the voice

Harsh sounds while breathing (stridor)

Chronic bronchitis or pneumonia

Coughing up blood, or blood in the sputum

Harsh sounds while breathing (stridor)

Chronic bronchitis or pneumonia

Coughing up blood, or blood in the sputum


39/67

As lung cancer cells spread and use more of the body's energy, it is possible to

present symptoms that may also be associated with many other ailments. These

include:

Fever

Fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

Pain in joints or bones

Problems with brain function and memory

Swelling in the neck or faceAs lung cancer cells spread and use more of the body's

energy, it is possible to present symptoms that may also be associated with many

other ailments. These include:Fever

Fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

Pain in joints or bones

Problems with brain function and memory

Swelling in the neck or faceGeneral weakness

Bleeding and blood clots

General weakness

Bleeding and blood clots


40/67


41/67

No tests are recommended for screening the

general population

A low-dose helical computerized tomography (CT or

CAT) scan is currently being studied for this purpose

Any person who is at increased risk due to smoking

or asbestos exposure should discuss the benefits and

limitations of a screening CT scan with his or herdoctor


42/67


43/67


44/67


45/67

Treatment depends on the stage and type of lung cancer

Surgery

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy (options include a combination of drugs)

Targeted therapy

Lung cancer is usually treated with a combination oftherapies


46/67

The tumor and the nearby lymph nodes in the

chest are typically removed to offer the best

chance for cure

For non-small cell lung cancer,

a lobectomy (removal of the entire lobe where

the tumor is located), has shown to be most effective

Surgery may not be possible in some patients


47/67

Drugs used to kill cancer cells

A combination of medications is often used

May be prescribed before or after surgery, or

before, during, or after radiation therapy

Can improve survival and lessen lung cancer

symptoms in all patients, even those with

widespread lung cancer


48/67

The use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroycancer cells

Side effects include fatigue, malaise (feeling unwell), loss ofappetite, and skin irritation at the treatment site

Radiation pneumonitis is the irritation and inflammation of

the lung; occurs in 15% of patients

It is important that the radiation treatments avoid thehealthy parts of the lung


49/67


50/67

Assessment Nursing

Di i

Goal Desired

O t

Intervention Rationale Evaluatio


51/67

Diagnosis Outcome n

Subjective:

Daw gina

kapoy ako,nabudlayan ko

mag ginhawa

Objective:

Adventitious

breath sounds

Dyspnea

RR= 24 cpm

CR= 61

ABG result:Metabolic

acidosis

Activity

intolerance

related to

imbalance

between

oxygen

supply and

demand.

Expresses

an

understa

nding ofthe need

to

balance

rest and

activity

by theend of

the shift.

Demonstrat

e a

decrease in

physiological signs of

intolerance.

Note presence

of factors

contributing to

fatigue.

Assess

emotional andpsychological

factors affecting

the current

situation.

Fatigue

affects both

the clients

actual and

perceived

ability to

participate

in activities.

Example:

Stressand/or

depression

may be

increasing

the effects

of an illness,

or

depression

might be the

result of

forced

inactivity.

After 8

hours of

rendering

nursinginterventi

on, the

client was

able to:

Balancethe

oxygen

and

demand

and

decreasethe signs

of

intoleranc

e.

Assessment Nursing

Diagnosis

Goal Desired

O tcome

Interventio

n

Rationale Evaluation


52/67

Diagnosis Outcome n

Evaluate

clients

actual and

perceived

limitations,

and severity

of deficit in

light of usual

status.

Monitor vital

and cognitive

signs,

watching for

changes inblood

pressure,

heart and

respiratory

rate.

Provide

comparative

baseline and

information

about

needed

education or

interventions

regarding

quality life.


53/67


54/67


55/67


56/67


57/67


58/67


59/67


60/67


61/67


62/67


63/67


64/67


65/67


66/67


67/67

presentation lung cancer latest

Documents