Overview of Girls’ Education in Karnataka

Successes and ChallengesDr.H.B.Chandrashekar, State Pedagogy Co-ordinator, O/o State

Project Director, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Bengaluru-01,

cell: 9448999320; hbchandru@gmail.com

Women & Girls in PopulationAs per 2011 Census• Total population is 6.10 Crore, out of which

50.69% are Men and 49.31% are women; 8.38 lakh women are less than men.

• Sex ratio is 973; Rural-979, Urban-963• But child (0 to 6 years) sex ratio is 948; Rural-950, Urban-946• Total Literacy-75.36, Men-82.47, Women-

68.08 (Rural women-59.71)

Profile of Schools as per DISE 2014-15• Elementary-60,912 (Rural-77%, Govt & aided-

79%)• Secondary-14,937 (Rural-57%, Govt & aided-

60%)% of Co-Ed schools• LPS-99.7% schools (26,231)• UPS-96.38% (33,354)• Secondary 94.26% (14,081)

Enrollment Girls in schools (I to X) Category Total

Enrollment including boys(in Lakh)

% of Girls No. of Girls less than Boys

All Children 101.12 48.27 3,44,611General 15.90 47.05 93,616SC 18.96 48.25 66,073ST 7.79 48.30 26,482OBC 58.46 48.64 1,58,440Muslims 7.79 48.28 26,482

6

Increase in Enrolment share of Girl Children

8

Enrollment of Girls in schools (I to X)-Medium wise Medium

Total Enrollment including boys(in Lakh)

% of Girls No. of Girls less than Boys

No. of Girls more than Boys

Kannada

72.09 47.85 3,09,382

English 22.57 46.74 1,46,881

Urdu 4.79 61.53 - 1,10,586

Marathi 1.40 50.57 - 2,148

Telugu 6,296 (digits) 48.72 160

Hindi 8127 (digits) 46.92 499

Enrollment of Girls in schools (I to X)-Management wise Management Category

Total Enrollment including boys(in Lakh)

% of Girls No. of Girls less than Boys

No. of Girls more than Boys

Govt 48.64 51.21 - 1,18,069Aided 15.32 47.97 62,023Un-Aided 35.14 44.26 4,03082Others 2.00 50.64 2425

No. of Minority Girls in schools (I to X)Religion Total

Enrollment including boys(in Lakh)

% of Girls No. of Girls less than Boys

Muslims 13.96 49.75 6840Christians 1.07 48.11 1896Sikh, Buddist, Parsi, Jain

0.53 47.88 2245

Others 1.59 48.55 4603

Details of teachers (Working)Level Total

No. of Teachers

No. of Male Teachers

No. of Female Teachers

Elementary 2,87,721 1,22,860 1,64,861Secondary 1,07,900 69,263 38,637

Other IndicatorsIndicator Elementary Secondary

Boys Girls Boys GirlsGER 98.08 97.08 78.54 76.01GER (SC) 106.97 104.80 81.07 74.26GER (ST) 105.45 103.30 78.85 73.02NER 87.92 87.02 57.01 54.86Gender Parity Index

0.99 0.99

Gender Gap

0.01 0.03

Transition RateCategory

5 to 6 7 to 8 8 to 9 9 to 10Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

All 96.73 97.18 98.66 97.53 95.50 95.02 94.43 95.31SC 97.20 97.23 98.89 96.69 95.87 95.19 94.41 95.30ST 95.99 96.32 96.78 96.87 92.20 92.37 92.63 91.58Muslims 96.06 96.85 94.48 94.66 85.33 93.93 93.59 96.72

Promotion Rate (PR), Repetition Rate (RR), Drop Out Rate (DR)

Indicator

Primary Upper Primary Elementary

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

PR 96.74 96.96 96.87 96.53 96.79 96.81RR 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.71 0.78 0.75DR 2.48 2.26 2.34 2.76 2.43 2.44

14

States’ Initiatives and Innovations• Free Supply of Text books and Note books to all

children studying in I to VIII std in Govt and Aided schools.

• OOSC Strategies: Special training and mainstreaming with different strategies like Summer Bridge Course, Residential Bridge Courses, Mobile School, Tent schools, etc.

• ‘Special Enrollment Drive’ conducted to bring back children especially girls, child labour, rag pickers etc., who have dropped out or long absent.

• ‘Free education for girls’ is provided to reduce the drop out rate and encourage girls education.

• ‘Prathiba Karanji’ talent exhibition program for children

15

States’ Initiatives • ‘Free Supply of Uniforms’ (Vidya Vikasa

Scheme): One set of uniforms is provided to all the children from I to X standard. Another set by SSA to children from I to VIII

• ‘Bicycles to Students’: In view of the problems faced by rural girls who come to school by walk all through, State is providing Bicycles to all children studying in 8th Standard in Govt schools.

• School Bags and Note books: Provided to al SC/ST students.

16

States’ Initiatives • Mid-Day Meals: Providing hot, cooked, mid-

day meal to all children of classes I to X standard in Govt and Aided schools across the State.

• Ksheera Bhagya: Milk to all children studying in Govt schools; 3 times a week

• Karnataka Darshana: Educational tour for children

• Free Health check up to all the children of classes 1 to 10 in Govt Schools.

• Community ownership: Constitution of SDMCs in each school which helped in the development of each school.

17

States’ Initiatives • Social Audit: ‘School Towards

Community Programme’ a social audit programme carried in 3 designated dates in each year in all the schools to assess the functioning of the school

• CWSN Strategy: Awareness and counselling for Parents, Providing Aids and Appliances, Establishment of Resource Rooms, HBE volunteers for providing individual support for most disadvantaged children who can’t attend school.

18

States’ Initiatives • Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV):

KGBVs has provided an excellent opportunity for disadvantaged girls to continue their education. 71 KGBVs & 68 KKGBVs are functional.

• Girls Hostels: Functional under RMSA for girls who completed 8th Std in KGBVs.

• Adarsha Vidyalayas under RMSA• 5 Residential schools for specific

category children for both boys & girls.• Kitturu Rani Chennamma Residential

Schools functional for SC, ST, OBC girls under Social welfare dept.

19

States’ Initiatives • Incentive for girls under RMSA: Rs.3000

credited to the accounts of SC, ST girls and can be utilised after they complete 18 years. This scheme is with the condition that they complete class 10th and they should not get married before 18 years.

• Bhagya Lakshmi: Deposit for girls from BPL families; they get Rs.1 lakh after they complete 18 years for those who continue their education without getting married.

20

States’ Initiatives on Gender sensitisation

• Adolescent Programme (Kishori): Teachers and Young adolescent girls are sensitised on the issues related to puberty, menstrual hygiene, empowerment, child rights, etc. Very effective programme.

• Meena Programme: Girls collectives ‘Meena teams’ active in schools spreading awareness on gender related to issues. Helped in making girls more participative and to make effort for their rights.

• Self Defense Skill Training for Girls: Training on Self Defense skills (Karate) for Girls studying in Govt High schools.

21

Quality Initiatives • Nali-Kali Methodology: Activity

Based Learning Programme ‘Nali-Kali’ is implemented for I and II std in all the Govt Schools.

22

Quality Initiatives • Mobile Science Lab: The

Programme is being implemented with the association of NGOs like Agasthya Foundation, BGVS, KRVP implementing the programme.

23

Quality Initiatives • CALC Programme: CALC

Programme is being implemented in 3180 UPS of the State. Development of content is made in association with NGOs like EDC, APF, Intel

24

Quality Initiatives

• Tele Education: Satellite based tele education in 1000 schools.

• Edusat Programme: Edusat programme is being implemented in 2685 schools of Gulbarga, Chamrajanagar, Ramanagar and Bangalore Rural dist. 458 video lesson are prepared.

• Radio Programme: Radio lessons for I to VIII Std are broadcasted daily from 13 stations of AIR to all the primary schools of the State.

25

Successes• Enrolment share of girls enhanced over

the years.• Drop out rate of girls has reduced.• Sex ratio is quite healthy• Different Govt. Shemes provide ample

opportunities for girls to continue their education.

• Co-education schools provide better environment.

• More No. of Female teachers in State can ensure conducive environment for girls in schools.

• Success of Kishori and Meena programmes

26

Challenges• In spite of many efforts Enrolment

share of girls is not 50%.• The seven districts of North-Eastern

Karnataka region these indicators fare low when compared to other districts.

• Migration of families disturbs the education of girls.

• Drop out of girls from the families of socially disadvantaged groups is a concern.

• Incidences of girl child marriage in most of the districts.

27

Challenges• Evil social practices like Devadasi,

prostitution, etc are still prevailing in few districts.

• Cases of Violence against girl child• Cases of withdrawing girls from school

when they reach puberty due to social taboo or lack of infrastructure facilities like wash room/rest room, napkins at school.

• Discriminatory practices like in allocation of work, providing opportunities, seating arrangement, etc.

• Branding/labelling of girl children

28

Challenges• Less scope for participation in

various activities. • Curtailed freedom for girls in

school, home and society.• Non-inclusive teaching methodology• Gender stereo typing in curriculum• Missing focus on the girls

specifically from vulnerable background.

• Lack of access to school in remote areas, where girls face safety issues to reach school.

29

Challenges• Lack of awareness among SDMC

regarding gender related issues• Apathy of teachers, parents,

system towards the education of girl child.

• Lack of monitoring and supporting mechanism to ensure gender equality.

• Lack of awareness among girls on their rights

• Lack of counselling facilities at school.

. . . . . be the change you want to see

zsÀ£ÀåªÁzÀUÀ¼ÀÄTHANK YOU