An Investigation of the Energy Options for

Renovating East Halls at Pennsylvania State

University – University Park

Yun Liang

Advisor: Prof. Andy Lau

Dec 2013

Objective To investigate energy options for renovating a residence

hall on campus in Pennsylvania State University – University Park, to reduce energy resource consumption and related environmental damages.

source: http://news.psu.edu/gallery/241897/2012/03/16/south-halls-renovations-and-addition

Buildings Share of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book, Section 1.1.1, 2008.

Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), DataTrends: Energy Use Benchmarking

Residential Site Energy Consumption by End Use

DOE, 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book, Section 2.1.5, 2008.

MethodologyGathered data

Analyzed and predicted energy use by function (heat, lighting, and etc.)

Compared predictions with real data

Applied possible energy options

Calculated energy saving and estimated life cycle cost

Building Energy Consumption

Electricity Steam and Natural Gas

Penn State University 290 GWh 3,000 MMBTU

East Residence

Halls

8.2 GWh 80.5 MMBTU

15.1 kWh/SF 148 kBTU/SF

Heating Energy Use

2012-7

(Jan-12)

12-Feb

12-Mar

12-Apr

12-May

12-Jun

12-Jul

12-Aug

12-Sep

12-Oct

12-Nov

12-Dec

13-Jan

13-Feb

13-Mar

13-Apr

13-May

13-Jun

13-Jul

13-Aug

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000Monthly Steam Consumption of East Halls

Ste

am C

on

sum

pti

on

(kl

b)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Dependence of East Halls Steam Use on Ambient Temperature in 2012

Temperature (°F)

Ste

am C

on

sum

pti

on

(kl

b)

Typical Heat Losses – Conventional House

Heat Losses

ROOFTOP WINDOW WALL

Area (sf) 7,200 4,500 24,000

R valueThermal

Resistance(hr*sf*oF/BTU)

25.2 0.79 4.21

Heat Losses Rate(MBTU/DD) 6.85 137 137

Total Heat Losses(MMBTU) 39.3 787 786

Air Leakage

Source: http://sjsmechanical.com/?page_id=525

Heat losses due to air leakage 1,166 MMBTU (42%)

Air Leakage

Electricity Use

2012-7

(Jan-12)

12-Feb

12-Mar

12-Apr

12-May

12-Jun

12-Jul

12-Aug

12-Sep

12-Oct

12-Nov

12-Dec

13-Jan

13-Feb

13-Mar

13-Apr

13-May

13-Jun

13-Jul

13-Aug

0

400,000

800,000

1,200,000

1,600,000

Electricity Consumption of East Halls

Ele

ctri

city

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

kWh

)

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Daily Electricity Consumption in Students' Dorm (kWh)

Ele

ctri

city

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n f

or

each

30

min

ute

s p

erio

d

Electricity Consumption in Students' Dormitory

Ceiling Lighting19%

Desk Lamp11%

Phone Charger1%

Refrigerator & Microwave

33%Reading Lamp2%

Floor Lamp 11%

TV 8%

Laptop10%

Clock Radio5%

Heating Saving Options Exterior Wall Insulation Window Selection

source: http://www.celsiusuk.com/external-wall-insulation%20

WALL W/O COATING WALL W/ COATING

WINDOW WITH SINGLE PANE

2,777 MMBTU (100%)

2,166 MMBTU(80%)

WINDOW WITH DOUBLE PANE

2,331 MMBTU(84%)

1,720 MMBTU(62%)

WINDOW WITH TRIPLE PANE

2,238 MMBTU(81%)

1,627 MMBTU(59%)

Heating Saving Options

Electricity Saving Options High Efficiency Product (Energy Star)

Motion Sensor Occupancy Sensor Photosensor

Photovoltaic

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION(MWh)

TOTAL PRIVATE

LIGHTING

TOTAL PUBLIC

LIGHTING

TOTAL LIGHT

T8 STANDARD W/O OCCUPANCY SENSOR

1,853 (100%)

6,753 (100%)

8,607 (100%)

T8 STANDARD ELECTRONIC BALLAST

W/ OCCUPANCY SENSOR

1,420 (76.64%)

3,714 (55%)

5,135(59.66%)

W/ OCCUPANCY PHOTOSENSOR

774 (41.8%)

2,016 (29.86%)

2,791(32.4%)

T8 HIGH EFFIENCY BALLSTS

W/ OCCUPANCY SENSOR

1,330 (71.8%)

3,428(50.77%)

4,759 (55.30%)

W/ OCCUPANCY PHOTOSENSOR

715(38.59%)

1,861 (27.56%)

2,576 (29.93%)

Electricity Saving Options - Lighting

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Net AC Output vs. Monthly Consumption

Net AC Output (kWh) Monthly Electricity Consumption (kWh)

Electricity Saving Options – Photovoltaic

Economic AnalysisEnergy Options Annual Energy Savings

WINDOW WITH DOUBLE PANE

WALL W/ COATING

$4,307

WINDOW WITH TRIPLE PANE

$4,686

T8 HIGH EFFIENCY BALLSTS

W/ OCCUPANCY SENSOR

$390

W/ OCCUPANCY PHOTOSENSOR

$2,200

PHOTOVOLTAIC $4,282

Acknowledgements

Prof. Andy Lau Dr. Miller Dr. Brownson Paul Ruskin Amy Frantz Garvin Jennifer Aaron Knight

Questions?