presentacion_2_fsucre_taller_cnh_measurement.pdf

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Foro de Lineamientos de MedicinMxico 2012

Global Gas Flaring ReductionPartnership

&

Measurement of Flare/Vent Volumes

World BankFrancisco J. Sucre


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Content

Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR)

Gas Flaring in Mexico

Global Voluntary Flaring Reduction Standard

GGFR Measurement Guidelines

Final remarks


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Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR)

Public-private partnership led by the World Bank

Formed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development inJohannesburg in 2002

Maindouble fold objective:

avoiding unnecessary waste of non-renewable cleaner energy resource

reduction of carbon emissions and other negative environmental impact

of flaring and venting of associated gas in upstream oil and gasoperations

Includes 27 members: governments from oil-producing countries,

state-owned and international oil companies, European Union and

the World Bank Group

Mission StatementGGFR is a catalyst for reducing wasteful and undesirable practices of gas

flaring and venting through policy change, stakeholder facilitation and

project implementation

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Flaring in Mexico

E&P flaring down from 2001 to

2005, but jumped until

2008

Dropping in last 4 years (w 2011)

Largest volumes from offshore

operations

Highest rate of utilization of

94% in 2005 (average of 85%) Important source of GHG: at

peak, flaring represented

aprox 2% of national

emissions (not accounting for

venting and flare efficiencies)

Source: Pemex financial reports & EIA Statistics: http://www.eia.doe.gov/


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Gas Flaring vis-a-vis Gas Imports

Significant comparative value of flare

gas when compared with imports from

US

Known barriers to flare reduction in

Mexico

Insufficient gas infrastructure

(gathering, processing and

compression)

Operational conditions (e.g.nitrogen in AG, compression, etc.)

Focus on oil production

maximization

Prior to CNH, fiscal regime

neutral to flaring and venting

reduction

Limited allocation of CAPEX for lowerIRR projects

Source: Pemex financial reports & EIA Statistics: http://www.eia.doe.gov/


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CNH Guidelines on Flare/Vent volumes

Article 48. Sizing of flare and vent gas meters. The continuous flow rate capacity of the meters shall be

dimensioned in accordance to the expected gas flow volumes.

Article 49.Measurement uncertainty for flare and vent gas. The maximum allowable measurement

uncertainty for gas flare and vent measurement systems shall be +/-3%.

Article 50. Flare and vent gas meter installation. The installation of the meter must be executed in

compliance with the manufacturers specifications.

Article 51. Flare and vent gas composition measurement. Monitoring of the flare and vent gas

composition shall be carried out, either by sampling for lab analysis, or by continuous analyzers.

Article 52. Liquid measurement in flare and vent. If there is a considerable amount of liquid in the

system, a separator shall be installed, along with a (liquid) meter.

Article 53.Indirect estimation of flare and vent gas volumes. Indirect estimation shall be made by way

of GOR accounting or through system balance or simulators. The Commission shall be informed as to how

said accounting was made.


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GGFRs Voluntary Flaring Reduction Standard

Global Voluntary Standard

Sets out approach to overcome barriers

to reduce flaring & venting

Guidance on how to achieve reductions

Emphasize key role of accuratemonitoring of flare/vent volumes to

achieve reductions

Existing facilities should, at a minimum,

estimate volume applying sound engineering

mass and energy balance New projects and large flaring facilities should

measure through metering


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Best practice on measurement:

Total volume of gas sent to the flare(s)

should be continuously meteredeither

at each of the sources or at the flareheaders, to determine the annual

volumetric flow to the flare.

At a minimum, flow measurement

devices used to determine flare gas

volumes should have an accuracy of

+/- 5 percentover the anticipated

range of flow rates


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Highlight the importance of

estimating GHG using API Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and Gas

Industry

Volume and emissions data reporting To monitor performance gas flare and vent

should be publicly reported

Governments have an important role in

facilitating and gathering information on gas

flared and vented

Government are encouraged to implement a

reporting tool


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Standard Defined Sources of flares/vents

Flaring Continuous (routine)

Surplus gas for lack of facilities

and/or market outlets

Non-continuous, which may be:

Temporary (planned non-routine) or

Compressor start up/shut down

Well completion, treatment,

stimulation, workovers

Early production facilities

Gas migration

Production storage tanks

working/flashing losses Emergency (unplanned)

Venting Continuous (routine)

Non safety vent of surplus gas due to lack

of flaring facilities

Production storage tank losses (flashing,

working and breathing)

Gas-driven pneumatic devices, chemicalinjection pumps

Gas treatment vents

Locally vented low preassure systems

Non-continuous

Catalyst

Well completion, treatment, stimulation,

workovers, and testing

Surface casing gas (oil wells)

Gas migration (oil wells(

Operational venting to reduce equipment

pressure


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Relevance of flare measurement

Why quantify flares and vent volumes?

Justification of conservation costs

Prioritize and optimize efforts

Reservoir engineering: better understand the adverse impact to

reservoirs

Effectiveness of regulatory regime on flare/vent depend on accurate

measuring and reporting

To provide accurate information and data that helps the regulator

evaluate compliance and evaluate progress

Public safety and environment: understand and monitor emissions To determine GHG baseline, assess abatement costs of mitigation,

leverage carbon credits and make pledges in international agreements


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Considerations about flare measurement

Reiterated massages by experts during GGFR sponsoredworkshops

Flare measurement is extremely challenging

Generally requires a combination of methods to achievebest results (measurement & estimation)

Measurement uncertainty analysis of full measurementchain essential

Normally approached in stages to minimizedisruption/cost

Many considerations are needed when selecting the bestmeasurement approach

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GGFR Flaring Measurement Guidelines

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY REVIEW:o Technology specifications

o Accuracy requirements

o Control requirements

DELINEATION OF MEASUREMENT OPTIONS:o Continuous flow measurement systems.

o Flow test methods.

o Estimation methods:

o Mass balance.

o

Use of GOR data.o Process simulations.

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGGFR/Resources/Guidelines_Flare_Vent_Measurement.pdf


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Methods for measuring flare volumes1. Metering

a. Direct

b. Distributed meters

2. Estimation

a. Gas balance

b. Control valve data

c. Process data

GGFR Flaring Measurement Guidelines


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13 February 2012 15

Characteristics of meters for flare gas volume

measurement

Technical Economic


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Issues for flare meter selection

Accuracy Operability (range, calibration requirements, flow regime dependence..)

Sensitivity to contaminants (liquids, particles)

Restriction for gas flow

Availability

Easeand cost - of installation

Ease of maintenance, calibration and verification

Cost


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Gas flow : Production, usage and flared volume

Gas produced minus Export equals Flare VolumeInjection

Fuel

Gas lift

Other uses

Losses

Gasproduced

FlareVolume

Usage

FUEL

GAS

GAS

INJECTION

GAS

EXPORT

OTHER

GAS

USES

LOSSESGAS

LIFT

Most widely used estimation method by industry

Accurate during emergency blowdowns where flowmeters struggle to cope

Unsuitable for normal flaring (majority of the year) = excessive measurement uncertainty


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By-difference method

Measurement Uncertainty when estimating: using sim ple root-sum -squaremethod

100

2222

2

2222

flare,m

liftfuelortexpprod

flareQ

UUUU

U%

Emergency Blow-down:90% time, 40% gas flared

Gas stream Proportion of Total (%) Measurement Uncertainty (%)

Exported Gas 90 1

Fuel Gas 5 3

Lift Gas 4 3

Flared Gas 1 92

BEST PRACTICE:dedic ated flare gas meterfor normal flaring & By-dif ferencefor blow-down

Source: NEL TUV SUD


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Key points from GGFR guidelines

There are a variety of options available for measurement of flare gas

volumes, metering or estimation, each with its own positive andnegative aspects

Selection of the most appropriate method will usually depend on: the accuracy required

the volume of flared gas to be measured and the degree of variability

the liquid content of the gas

availability of a specific meter type and the required support (calibrationfacilities, maintenance,...)

Measurement generally requires a combination of methods to achieve

best results (measurement & estimation)

Measurement uncertainty analysis of full measurement chain

essential

Normally approached in stages to minimize disruption/cost Measurement is fundamental for regulatory and process

purposes


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Foro de Lineamientos de MedicinMxico 2012 20

International

Best Practice

Evolving

Framework

Formal developedframeworkmixed

results

No formal

framework

International

Best Practice

Formal developedframeworkmixed

results

No formal

framework

Lessons from recent analysis of flaring regulatory regimes


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Data is fundamental

Regulation of flaring is critically dependent on access to reliable and

consistent data. Data allows to:

identify need for intervention

monitor achievements and trends

rapidly identify and respond to large increases in flaring

Publication of data on company performance and field-by-field flaring

volumes can support flaring reduction

creates public pressure to improve, even where monetary penalties may

be limited

helps interested parties identify flared gas volumes which may beutilised

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Lessons from recent analysis of flaring regulatory regimes


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Measurement is also important as Mexico uses data to assess options and

commitments in international climate change negotiations (e.g. CopenhagenAccord, future post Kyoto agreements)

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Final consideration

Source: National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), UNFCCC site


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Gracias por su atencin

Preguntas?

Francisco [email protected]

Phone: +1-202-473-5479

GGFRs Vision is

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Back up slides


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Mexico: Flares from the sky

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