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Evaluación no invasiva de la Fibrosis Hepática y de la Hipertensión Portal J. Aguilar Reina Emérito del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla

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Page 1: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Evaluación no invasiva de la Fibrosis Hepática y de la Hipertensión Portal

J. Aguilar Reina

Emérito del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla.

Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla

Page 2: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Fibrosis hepática

Nódulos regenerativos

• Carcinoma hepatocelular • Insuficiencia hepatocelular

Hipertensión portal

• Sangrado por varices • Otros sangrados • Ascitis • Encefalopatía hepática • Infecciones/Inflamación • Hiperesplenismo

Page 3: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

• Biopsias realizadas durante 2 años (1.984-1.986): 889 – Asintomáticos y no pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo: 142(15,8%)

• Estudiados con motivo de analítica de rutina: 43 (30,2%) • Por patologías no hepáticas: 99(69,7%)

– Cirrosis: 52 / 142 (36,6%)

– Pacientes con GOT y/o GPT elevadas menos de 2 x cifras normales: 43 • Cirrosis 37,2%

Nogueira Soriano, JM, Aguilar Reina, Rev Esp Enf. Digest , 1988

Page 4: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Globally >1.75 million deaths are attributed to Singh S 2017

Page 5: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Hepatopatia crónica con EH ≥ 13 kPa sin signos de cirrosis (cirrosis oculta) vs con signos de cirrosis (trombopenia, y/o hip portal en ECO o endoscopia)= cirrosis evidente clínicamente, y sin cirrosis (EH<13kPa)

Page 6: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

de Franchis

Page 7: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Métodos para evaluar la fibrosis hepática

• Biopsia hepática • Ecografía convencional y estudio circulación • ---------- • Métodos serológicos • Otras técnicas de imagen (TAC, RNM) • Spect • Valoración de la elasticidad hepática

• FIBROSCAN, • Técnicas asociadas a ecografía (2D y p- shear wave) • Otras técnicas de valoración de la elasticidad

Page 8: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Use of noninvasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis versus liver biopsy according to etiology of chronic liver diseasaes

Page 9: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

APRI: base en países poco industrializados

Page 10: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Elección de localización

Elección por calidad de ondas

Fibroscan Shear wave

(modificado)

Page 11: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Singh S, Gastroenterology 2017

Page 12: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Estudio restrospectivo del valor de 5 índices analíticos en la predicción de varices en cirrosis (serie completa) Deng 2015

Predicción de varices moderadas-severas Predicción de varices

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), FIB-4, fibrosis index (FI), and King scores
Page 13: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Estudio retrospectivo del valor de 5 índices analíticos en la predicción de varices en cirrosis (subgrupo sin hemorragia

previa) Deng 2015

Predicción de varices moderadas – severas Predicción de varices

Page 14: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017

The subgroup with low cut-off values of 13.6–18 kPa had better summary estimates (sensitivity 91.2%, specificity 81.3% and partial AUC 0.921) than the subgroup with high cut-off values of 21–25 kPa (sensitivity 71.2%, specificity 90.9% and partial AUC 0.769). In summary, TE-LSM correlated well with hepatic venous pressure gradient and represented good diagnostic performance in diagnosing clinically significant portal hypertension. For use as a sensitive screening tool, we propose using low cut-off values of 13.6–18 kPa in TE-LSM.

Page 15: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

LSM (kPa) Plaq/mm3 SSM (kPa) Perdidas* %

Endoscopias ahorradas %

Ding 1 ≤ 25 ≥100.000 0

Baveno VI 2 < 20 >150.000 <5 22,5

Maurice 3 < 20 >150.000 2 30

Jangouk 4 < 20 >150.000 0** 26% / 16%(USA/Italia)

Augustin 5 < 25 >110.00 1,6 40%

Coleccia 6 < 20 <150.000 ≤ 46 kPa 2 43,2%

1.- Liver Int 2015; 2.- J Hepatol 2015; 3.-J Hepatol 2016; 4.- Liver Int 2017; 5.- Hepatology 2017; 6.- J Hepatol , accepted: 18 April 2018

* High risk varices **Patients with varices (any size) n (%) 55 (34.1) Patients with high-risk varices n (%) 14 (8.7)

Validación y modificaciones de los criterios Baveno VI

Page 16: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Elasticidad hepática, plaquetas y diámetro esplénico para identificar hipertensión portal clínicamente significativa (1) y

varices que precisan tratamiento (2) Abraldes J, HEPATOLOGY 2016;64:2173-2184

1)

2)

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
LSM, liver stiffness measurement; LSPS, liver stiffness to spleen/platelet score; NITs, noninvasive tools; PSR, platelet/spleen ratio
Page 17: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

This review shows that a simple test such as platelet count-to spleen length ratio could be used to stratify the risk of oesophageal varices, particularly as a triage test before endoscopy to rule out people without varices. In fact, in the case of a ratio greater than 909 (n/mm3)/mm, only 7% of patients with varices of any size would bemissed and would not receive appropriate prophylaxis or follow-up. If prevalence of varices of 58%is assumed, the negative predictive value of the test is 90% and about 40% of sophagogastro-duodenoscopy examinations for screening people with cirrhosis would be spared.

Page 18: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Elasticidad transitoria hepática y esplénica: relación con presencia de varices esofágicas

Valor corte (Kpa)

Sens. (%) Espec.(%) VPP(%) VPN(%)

FSh 16,8 91,3 55,5 56 91

FSb 44 90,4 75,4 70,4 92,5

Aguilar Reina J, AEEH 2014

Page 19: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Spleen Stiffness Is Superior to Liver Stiffness for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis Xiaowen, 2016

Takuma Y, 2016 ARFI

Page 20: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

a: presión portal; b: elasticidad esplénica; c: elasticidad hepática

Elasticidad medida con ARFI

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Figure 1 Individual values of portal pressure (panel a) measured immediately before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and of spleen stiffness (panel b) and liver stiffness (panel c) measured before and 1 week after TIPS. Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was used for statistical analysis
Page 21: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Fig. 4

Journal of Hepatology 2014 60, 1158-1164DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.024) Copyright © 2014 European Association for the Study of the Liver

Coleccia et al J Hepatol 2014

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Survival free of complications. Survival free of complications according to the SS cut off of 54kPa. (This figure appears in colour on the web.)
Page 22: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

• At the time of diagnosis, oesophageal varices are present in 30% of patients with well compensated cirrhosis and 60% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

• Their size increases by 10 - 20% in the 1-2 years following their first endoscopic observation.

• In a study (with average 6 year follow-up), large varices developed in 4% of cirrhotics without varices, and 25% with small varices at the beginning of follow up,

• In another study with 2 year follow-up, large varices were developed in 31% without varices and 70% with first degree varices at initial endoscopy.

Triantos Ch, 2007

Page 23: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Conclusiones

• En todo paciente con sospecha de

enfermedad hepática crónica – y sin signos definitivos de hipertensión portal- es necesario evaluar el estadio de fibrosis hepática y la posible presencia de hipertensión portal con o sin varices esófago-gástricas

Page 24: Presentación de PowerPoint › pdf... · A Meta-analysis for the Diagnostic Performance of Transient Elastography for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. You MW, 2017 The

Conclusiones (2)

• Métodos no invasivos y baratos ( índices de dominio público,recuento de plaquetas, ecografía, determinación de valores de elasticidad hepática y esplénica) permiten una buena valoración de los riesgos y utilizar sólo los recursos adecuados

• Es necesario actuar de modo que la perspectiva de ahorro no suponga asumir riesgos elevados