PresanTM-­‐FY  for  bird’s  health  and  wellbeing  

By  Harun  Rashid  AusPac  Ingredients    

Introduction:  

Feed   products   designed   for   intestinal   health   have   emerged   to   contribute   to   health  management  practices,   generally   focusing   on   promoting   the   growth   of   beneficial   microbiota,   and   reducing  pathogens.    Recent  insights  demonstrate  that  the  efficeacy  of  a  gut  health  concept  can  be  markedly  improved  by  optimising  both  microbiota  and  gut  barrier  function.    This  integrated  approach  includes  stabilisation  of  the  microbiota  and  enforcing  the  mucosal  barrier  properties  (Smits,  2011).      

Damaged  gut  and  wet  litter:  

Wet  litter  is  a  significant  challenge  in  the  poultry  industry.  It  not  only  causes  production  losses  but  is  also  a  factor  in  poor  welfare.  A  damaged  gut  is  one  of  the  challenges  recognized  by  nutritionists  and  producers.  Damage  to  the  gut  wall   is  usually  caused  by  a   inflammatory  response  to  mild  to  severe  gastroenteritis,  which  further  increases  water  output  to  the  gut.  Damage  to  the  gastrointestinal  tract  reduces   the   surface   area   for   nutrient   absorption   and   creates   the   opportunity   for   pathogens   to  proliferate,  colonize  and  potentially  become  invasive  and  disease  causing.    

Inflammation  of  the  gastrointestinal  lining  negatively  affects  digestion.  The  reduction  in  nutrient  and  water   absorption   causes   increased   faecal   water   output.   The   disturbance   in   nutrient   assimilation  (intake,   digestion   and   absorption)   will   increase   nutrient   through   flow.   Altering   the   microbial  population  of   the  distal  gut  causing  wet   litter.  Altered  microbial  population  or  dysbiosis   in   the  gut  ultimately   negatively   affects   the   overall   health   of   the   bird.   As   a   result,   feed   efficiency   is   reduced,  litter   mopisdtyure   content   increases,   footpad   lesions   are   increased   and   the   bird’s   welfare   is  compromised.  Managing  the  stability  of  the  gut  microbiota  as  well  as  gut  wall   integrity  becomes  a  priority  when  wet  litter  is  a  concern  in  poultry  production.  

Managing  wet  litter:  

When   considering   gut   health,   it   is   imperative   to   give   emphasis   to   ‘Tight   Junctions’   located   at   the  surface  layer  of  the  gut  (Collett,  2007).  Tight  junctions  are  made  up  of  protein  complexes  and  their  function  is  to  work  as  a  barrier.  One  of  the  main  roles  of  tight  junction  is  to  prevent  bacteria  entering  into   the   system.   Tight   junctions   may   be   compromised   due   to   imbalance   in   the   gut   microbial  community.     It  has  been  previously  demonstrated  that  a  well  established  gut  microbial  community  can  reduce  the  prevalence  of  wet  litter  by  making  it  more  difficult  for  pathogens  to  infiltrate  (Collett,  2007).    

Organic   acids  have  been  established  as   a   crediable   tool   to  manage  healthy  gut  populations.  Meta  analysis   and   literature   reviews   show   that   water   and   feed   acidification   have   a   significant   role   to  prevent  wet   litter   (Butcher,  1999).     The   restricted  use  of  antimicrobials   in   food  producing  animals  has  driven  the   industry  to  seek  alternative  means  of  controlling  pathogenic  organisms.  As  a  result,  organic   acid   use   is   increasing   in   the   poultry   industry   as   a   means   of   reducing   dependence   on  antibiotics  (Smits,  2011).  

PresanTM  is  one  of  the  successful  products  developed  by  Selko.  PresanTM-­‐FY  is  a  synergistic  blend  of  phenolic   compound,   (patented)   slow-­‐released   C12,   target-­‐released   butyrate,   MCFAs   and   organic  acids.    Trails  show  that  PresanTM-­‐FY  stabilizes  microbiota  and  boosts  gut  barrier  function.    

Benefits  of  target-­‐released  butyrate,  slow-­‐released  C12  and  phenolic  compound:  

The  main  function  of  butyrate  for  the  animal  is  (1)  a  good  energy  source  for  the  intestinal  cells  and  (2)  support   the  mucus  secretion  which   is  part  of   the  defense  mechanism   in   the   intestine   (Brassart  and   Schiffrin,   1997;   Campieri   et   al.,2000;  Gionchetti   et   al.,   2000).   For   both   purposes   the   butyrate  must   reach   the   target   spot   in   the   intestines   (Thompson   and   Hinton,   1997).   To   ensure   this,   the  butyrate   in  PresanTM   is    protected  (Brassart  and  Schiffrin,  1997;  Campieri  et  al.,2000;  Gionchetti  et  al.,  2000).    

The  slow  release  patented  C12  ensures  that  it  travels  further  down  in  the  small  intestine  compared  to  other  C12  forms(Van  Immerseel  et  al.,  2004).  The  slow  release  C12  also  has  better  characteristics  for  water   solubility,   providing   greater   interactions  with  pathogenic   bacteria   in   the   gut   (Thompson  and  Hinton,  1997).  

The   phenolic   compounds   help   in   boosting   the   gut   wall   barrier   (Boudet,   2007).   They   have   been  selected  out   of   a   long   list   of   candidates   after   literature   studies   and   further   testing   in   vitro   and   in  vivo.  They  are  highly  effective  in  controlling  oxidative  stress  &  inflammatory  reactions  in  the  gut  and  thus  prevent  damage  to  the  gut  wall   (Boudet,  2007).  At  the  same  time  it  supports  maintaining  the  integrity  of  tight  junctions  (Horst,  2014).  

PresanTM-­‐FY  has  been  tested  in  several  field  trials  and  has  shown  consistent  performance.    The  trial  work  below  was  conducted  at  the  Nutreco  Poultry  Research  Centre  (PRRC)  Spain.  

Digesta   was   taken   from   the   jejunum   and   caecum.   Samples   were   tested   by   qPCR   and  pyrosequencing.    The  pyrosequencing  technique  enables  the  user  to  make  a  complete  overview  of  the   intestinal   microbiota   population   in   one   analytical   run   and   can   be   used   to   study   changes   in  microbiota  assosicated  with  poor  animal  health.    

Figure  1:    Number  of  species  observed  in  jejunal  samples  and  pyrosequencing  microbial  community  profile  from  birds  subjected  to  diets  with  and  without  PresanTM-­‐FY  for  21  days.    NIZO  food  research,  the  Netherlands  and  Nutreco  PRRC,  Spain  2011  

 

 

Figure  1  

 

 

A  clear  reduction  in  total  counts  in  the  jejunum  and  E.  coli  in  the  caecum  were  observed  in  3  weeks  time.  Nutreco  Poultry  Research  Centre  (PRRC)  Spain  2011.  (Figure  2)  

   PresanTM-­‐FY  improved  feed  conversion  ration  during  the  complete  period.    Nutreco  Poultry  Research  Centre  (PRRC)  Spain  2011.  (Figure  3)  

Figure  2  

 

PresanTM-­‐FY  increases  the  dry  matter  content  of  litter  averaging  a  5.0%  improvement.    The  footpad  lesions  were  scored  on  day  21  and  35.    The  use  of  PresanTM-­‐FY  resulted  in  a  significant  reduction  of  the  footpad  lesions.    Nutreco  Poultry  Research  Centre  (PRRC)  Spain  2011.  (Figure  4)  

 

Trials  show  the  benefits  of  using  PresanTM-­‐FY  in  poultry  are:    

ü Lower  incidence  of  footpad  lesions  by  improving  litter  quality  ü Improved  welfare  of  birds  ü Strong  technical  performance  and  ROI    

     Reference  can  be  provided  on  request.      

Figure  3  

Figure  4