prepositions
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PREPOSITIONS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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PREPOSITIONSA preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else.Check out the three examples below:
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SOME COMMON PREPOSITIONS ARE:
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I D I O M AT I C E X P R E SS I O N S W I T H P R E P O S I T I O N S
agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a
proposition
compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences
(sometimes similarities)
correspond to a thing, with a person
differ from an unlike thing, with a person
live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other
people
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Unnecessary Prepositions In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using
prepositions where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.
She met up with the new coach in the hallway. The book fell off of the desk. He threw the book out of the window. She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. [or use "in"] Where did they go to? Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind"
instead] Where is your college at?
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Prepositions typically come before a noun: For example:after class at home before Tuesday in London on fire with pleasureA preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. For example: The book is on the table.The book is beside the table.She read the book during class.
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Prepositions are classified as simple or compound.
Simple prepositionsSimple prepositions are single word prepositions. These are all showed above.
For example:The book is on the table.
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Compound prepositionsCompound prepositions are more than one word. in between and because of are prepositions made up of two words - in front of, on behalf of are prepositions made up of three words.
For example: The book is in between War and Peace and The
Lord of the Rings. The book is in front of the clock. Examples: The children climbed the mountain without fear. There was rejoicing throughout the land when the
government was defeated. The spider crawled slowly along the banister.
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Prepositions of TimeEnglish Usage Example
• on days of the week on Monday
in
• months / seasons
• time of day
• year
• after a certain period of time (when?)
• in August / in winter
• in the morning
• in 2006
• in an hour
• at
for night
for weekend
a certain point of time (when?)
at night
at the weekend
at half past nine
since
from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980
for over a certain period of time (past till
now)• for 2 years
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• ago a certain time in the past • 2 years ago
• before earlier than a certain point of time before 2004
to • telling the time • ten to six (5:50)
past • telling the time ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until• marking the beginning
and end of a period of time
from Monday to/till Friday
• till / until• in the sense of how
long something is going to last
• He is on holiday until Friday.
• by in the sense of at the
latest
up to a certain time
I will be back by 6 o’clock.
By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.
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Example :
We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years).- He held his breath for seven minutes.- She's lived there for seven years.- The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
We use since with a specific date or time.- He's worked here since 1970.- She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
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Prepositions of PlaceEnglish Usage Example
in
room, building, street, town, country
book, paper etc.
car, taxi
picture, world
in the kitchen, in London
in the book
in the car, in a taxi
in the picture, in the world
at
meaning next to, by an object
for table
for events
place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
at the door, at the station
at the table
at a concert, at the party
at the cinema, at school, at work
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on
attached
for a place with a river
being on a surface
for a certain side (left, right)
for a floor in a house
for public transport
for television, radio
• the picture on the wall
• London lies on the Thames.
• on the table
• on the left
• on the first floor
• on the bus, on a plane
• on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside left or right of
somebody or something
Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
• under on the ground, lower
than (or covered by) something else
the bag is under the table
below lower than something else but above ground
the fish are below the surface
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over
• covered by something else
• meaning more than
• getting to the other side (also across)
• overcoming an obstacle
put a jacket over your shirt
over 16 years of age
walk over the bridge
climb over the wall
above higher than something
else, but not directly over it
a path above the lake
across getting to the other side
(also over)
getting to the other side
• walk across the bridge
• swim across the lake
through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides drive through the tunnel
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Example : We use at for specific addresses.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.Her house is on Boretz Road.
And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).She lives in Durham.Durham is in Windham County.Windham County is in Connecticut.
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Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.
Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
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NOUNS and PREPOSITIONSapproval ofawareness ofbelief inconcern forconfusion aboutdesire for
fondness forgrasp ofhatred ofhope forinterest inlove of
need forparticipation inreason forrespect forsuccess inunderstanding of
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ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS
afraid ofangry ataware ofcapable ofcareless aboutfamiliar with
fond ofhappy aboutinterested injealous ofmade ofmarried to
proud ofsimilar tosorry forsure oftired ofworried about
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VERBS and PREPOSITIONSapologize forask aboutask forbelong tobring upcare forfind out
give upgrow uplook forlook forward tolook upmake uppay for
prepare forstudy fortalk aboutthink abouttrust inwork forworry about
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