City of Helsinki City of Helsinki Preparedness Plan for serious p

air pollution episodesandand

Air Quality Action PlanAir Quality Action Plan2008-2016

Mervi Weckström

28.8.2007

City of Helsinki Environmental Centre

Background information

• In Europe the air quality objectives for different pollutants to protect human health have been set in EU directives on Air Qualitydirectives on Air Quality

• Those directives have been implemented in Finland’s national legislation (ordinance 711/2001)

d d h bl d k• According to ordinance the city is obligated to make plans and programmes if the limiting values given in ordinance have exceeded

• In Helsinki the daily limit values for PM10 and the yearly limit values for nitrogen dioxide have exceeded

• The main reason for exceeding is sanding during the g g gwinter time. The other reason is traffic. Sometimes exceeding is caused by long-range transport of airborne pollutants

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Background information• The optimal places for exceeding are narrow streets lined by buildings.

Helsinki environmental centre and YTV have surveyed this kind of streets in Helsinki

• Next Picture shows the streets where the limiting values of PM10 and NO2will most likely to exceed. In same picture are shown the monitoring sites situated in narrow streetssituated in narrow streets

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The places where PM10 limiting values have exceededvalues have exceeded

• PM10 (Daily limit value 50 µg/m3 may exceed 35 times per

b f t th t li it

Hengitettävien hiukkasten (PM10) vuorokausiraja-arvotason ylitykset Helsingissä

year before counts that limit value has really exceeded) – Runeberginkatu 2003,

41 times60

70

pl)

2001 vuoden raja-arvo, alitettava viim. vuonna 2005

41 times– Mannerheimintie 2005,

49 times- Hämeentie 2005,

41 ti30

40

50

ten

mää

rä (k

p

TöölöVallilaKallioRuneberginkMannerheimintie

41 times- Mannerheimintie 2006,

37 times- Töölöntulli 2006

10

20yl

ityst Hämeentie

Töölöntulli

Töölöntulli 2006, 59 times

Figure. Inhalable particles (PM10) compared to 24 h limit value (50

01995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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compared to 24 h limit value (50 µg/m3) (number of exceedings) (Ref: YTV).

The places where NO2 limiting 2values have exceeded

NO (Yearly limit value 40 µg/m3) Hengittävien hiukkasten (PM10) ja typpidioksidinNO2 (Yearly limit value 40 µg/m3)

– Mannerheimintie 2005, 43 µg/m3

Hengittävien hiukkasten (PM10) ja typpidioksidin (NO2) vuosikeskiarvot

45

50

2001 vuoden raja-arvo; alitettava NO2:lla viim. vuonna 2010 ja PM10:llä viim. vuonna 2005

- Hämeentie 2005, 46 µg/m3

- Mannerheimintie 2006, 25

30

35

40

g/m

3

NO2 ja PM10vuosiraja-arvoNO2 Töölö,

42 µg/m3

- Töölöntulli 2006, 54 µg/m3 5

10

15

20µ

PM10 Töölö

PM10MannerheimintieNO2

µg/0

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

NO2Mannerheimintie

Figure. nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (red points) d PM (bl i t ) d t l

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and PM10 (blue points) compared to yearly limit value (40 µg/m3) (Ref: YTV).

Wh t h H l i ki d t h th What has Helsinki done to reach the limit values for PM10 and NO2?

• There is two different action plans

1 Preparedness Plan for serious air 1. Preparedness Plan for serious air pollution episodes

Contains short term measures– Contains short term measures

2. Air Quality Action Plan for Helsinki 2008-20162016

– Contains long and medium term measures

• Together these two plans form the total air quality • Together these two plans form the total air quality action plan for Helsinki city

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HELSINKI’SPREPAREDNESS PLAN FOR SERIOUS PREPAREDNESS PLAN FOR SERIOUS

AIR POLLUTION EPISODES

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Contains three episode situationsContains three episode situations1. High nitrogen dioxide

concentration caused by traffic

2. High PM10 concentration

Jari Viinanen

g 10caused by winter sanding

3 Hi h PM t ti

Jari Viinanen

3. High PM2,5 concentrationcaused by local forest firesor long-range transport

28.8.2007CHRISTIAN WESTERBACK HS 21.8.2006 HS.fi.jpg

1. Nitrogen dioxide episode

• Three different levels of preparedness according to NO2 concentrationsaccording to NO2 concentrations1. Initiating preparedness (>150 µg/m3, 3h )2. Effective preparedness (>200 µg/m3, 18h)3. Full preparedness (>200 µg/m3, ≥ 3d)

• Measures for preparedness levels:- Recommendations for driving with private cars- Free public transport

R t i ti f d i i ith i t - Restrictions for driving with private cars

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1. Nitrogen dioxide episode

YTV and Finnish Meteorological Institute forecast that inversion situations is predictable

Director General of the Environmental Centre (dg) decides about

Lord mayor of Helsinki (lm) decides about- Free public transport

- Initiating preparedness- Effective preparedness- Recommendations- Dropping of situation

- Restrictions of traffic- Recommendations- Dropping of situation

Information to co-workers. Alarm call for authority.

Information to media and public- Initiating preparedness is coordinated by environmental centre

Effective and full preparedness are coordinated by administrative

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- Effective and full preparedness are coordinated by administrative centre

2. PM10 episode

• Episode situation occurs usually during spring (from march to may)(from march to may)

• PM10 episode includes two measures1. Advance warning2. Action request

- The streets are watered by calcium chloride solutionchloride solution

- Watering is done by HKR (construction office) and road district of Uusimaao ce) a d oad d st ct o Uus aa

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3. PM2,5 episode

• Episode situation occurs usually during spring and summer when a lot of forest fires existsand summer when a lot of forest fires exists

• PM2,5 episode is1. “Normal” long-range transport2. Forest fires, other large fires and strong

smell of smoke on wide area

• The measures are:• information for public and• warn people about situation

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AIR QUALITY ACTION PLAN 2008-20162008 2016

d d-Long and medium term measures-measures

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bl fTable of contents

1 Legislation1. Legislation2. Framing of action plan3. Air quality in Helsinkiq y4. Exceeds of limiting values5. Health effects and exposure for impurities of air

f l6. Preparing of plan7. Goals and measures to reach better air quality8 Indicators and monitoring of plan8. Indicators and monitoring of plan9. Necessary settlements

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Framing

• Action plan is made to decrease the concentration of NO • Action plan is made to decrease the concentration of NO2, PM10 and PM2,5. Those are the impurities that are most likely to exceed limit values in Helsinki area

• There is several programs that partly has same goals with Helsinki’s air quality action plan1 P d l f H l i ki1. Preparedness plan for Helsinki2. Air quality program for the Metropolitan area3. Climate strategy 20304. Sustainable development action plan for Helsinki 2002-

20105. Plan for Helsinki’s ecological stabilityg y

• Earlier City of Helsinki has had air quality plans in 1980s

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l l kAir Quality in Helsinki

• EMISSION SOURCES• EMISSION SOURCES- Traffic: car traffic, port of Helsinki, working machines- Point sources: power production, surface sources, small

point sourcespoint sources

Making the plan• Guided by work group for air protection• Planned and prepared by project group• Approved by city council• Approved by city council

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Making the plan• Measures are estimated in five classes• Measures are estimated in five classes

1. Environmental effects- air qualityair quality- other environmental effect

2. Costs

3 Health effects3. Health effects

4. Timetableetab e

5. Feasibility

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Goals and measures• Nine desire lines for measures• Nine desire lines for measures

1. General 2. Land use and traffic planning2. Land use and traffic planning3. Traffic4. Street dust5. Energy production6. Long-range transport7 Burning of wood in fireplaces7. Burning of wood in fireplaces8. Researches and planning9. Communication, enlightenment and 9 Co u cat o , e g te e t a d

education

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Indicators and Monitoring• Examples from indicators• Examples from indicators

• Amount of exposures• Mode of transportMode of transport• Exceeds in Mannerheimintie, main source

sanding• Exceeds in Mannerheimintie, main sources

sanding and traffic• Relation between buildings in district • Relation between buildings in district

cooling and “other” cooling

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Timetable10/2007 P j h d li • 10/2007 Project group has made an outline

for air quality action plan 2008-2016. Control group and 2016. Control group and administrations give their comments.

• 12/2007 Outline ready for statements• 1-3/2008Circulation for comment. Publication

of outline6/2008 Cit e ec ti e boa d app o e an • 6/2008 City executive board approve an

outline (at the latest)• 6/2008 Reporting of the Action plan: 6/2008 Reporting of the Action plan:

Regional Environment Centre Ministry of the Environment E U i

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European Union

AIR QUALITY ACTION PLANS IN EUROPEPLANS IN EUROPE

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