prentice hall chemistry: connections to our...

Prentice Hall Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World ©2002Correlated to:

Kentucky Core Content for Science Assessment(Grades 10-12)

SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher’s Edition LM = Laboratory Manual TR = Teaching Resources TECH = Technology1

CORE CONTENT FOR SCIENCE ASSESSMENT PAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT(If submission is not a book, cite appropriate

location(s))

Academic Expectations: 2.2 Patterns of Change, 2.3 Systems, 2.4 Scale and Models, 2.5 Constancy, and 2.6Change Over Time

SC-H-1.1.1Matter is made of minute particles called atoms, andatoms are composed of even smaller components. Thecomponents of an atom have measurable properties suchas mass and electrical charge. Each atom has apositively charged nucleus surrounded by negativelycharged electrons. The electric force between the nucleusand the electrons holds the atom together.

SE/TE: 65-73, 80-83, 91-123, 135-157, 901-903TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 90a, 90b, 90c,

90dLM: 41-44, 45-50, 51-53, 55-59, 61-66, 67-71TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-3, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 4-3, 4-4,4-5; Chapter Test: 2, 3, 4; Transparency Box: 4,5, 6, 7, 8; Assessment Resources: Chapter 2, 3,4

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter tests: 2, 3; Math RefresherTest Unit 2; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 1Plastics Recycling, Side 1 Matter with no Mass,Side 2 Designing Fireworks, Side 2 ElectricCharges, Side 2 Rutherford’s Experiment, Side2 Hot Pocket Change, Side 2 Spectra of VariousSalts, Side 2 Electron Orbital Shape;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: Matter andEnergy, Atomic Structure, Radiocarbon Dating;Videotape: Fusion and Fission, The Chemistryof Fireworks, The Geology of Transition Metals

Prentice Hall Chemistry: Connection to Our Changing World ©2002Correlated to:




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SC-H-1.1.2The atom’s nucleus is composed of protons and neutronsthat are much more massive than electrons. When anelement has atoms that differ in the number of neutrons,these atoms are called different isotopes of the element.

SE/TE: 91-123, 777-803, 902, 903, 927, 928TE: 11, 12, 90a, 90b, 90c, 90d, 776a, 776b, 776c,

776dLM: 41-44, 45-50, 51-53, 55-59, 61-66, 67-71TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 24-1, 24-2,24-3; Chapter Test: 3, 24; Transparency Box:5,6, 48, 49; Assessment Resources: Chapter 3,24

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Math Refresher; Test Unit 2, Unit 10,Chapter 3, 24 Test; CHEMedia Videodisc,Side 2 Designing Fireworks, Side 2 ElectricCharges, Side 2 Rutherford’s Experiment, Side2 Hot Pocket Change, Side 10 Ancient Cultures,Side 10 Modern Chemistry, Side 10 PET Scan;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: AtomicStructure, Radiocarbon Dating, Radiotracers;Videotape: Fusion and Fission

SC-H-1.1.3The forces that hold the nucleus together, at nucleardistances, are usually stronger than the forces that wouldmake it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction ofthe mass of interacting particles into energy, and theycan release much greater amounts of energy than atomicinteractions. Fission is the splitting of a large nucleusinto smaller pieces. Fusion is the joining of two nuclei atextremely high temperature and pressure. Fusion is theprocess responsible for the energy of the Sun and otherstars.

SE/TE: 91-123, 777, 792-803, 902, 927, 928TE: 11, 12, 90a, 90b, 90c, 90d, 776a, 776b, 776c,

776dLM: 41-44, 45-50, 51-53, 389-393TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 24-3;Chapter Test: 3, 24; Transparency Box: 5, 6,48, 49; Assessment Resources: Chapter 3, 24

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Math Refresher Test Unit 2, Unit 10,Chapter 3, 24 Test; CHEMedia Videodisc,Side 2 Designing Fireworks, Side 2 ElectricCharges, Side 2 Rutherford’s Experiment, Side2 Hot Pocket Change, Side 10 Ancient Cultures,Modern Chemistry, Side 10 PET Scan;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: AtomicStructure, Radiocarbon Dating, Radiotracers;Videotape: Fusion and Fission

Structure and Properties of Matter





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SC-H-1.2.1Atoms interact with each other by transferring or sharingoutermost electrons. These outer electrons govern thechemical properties of the element.

SE/TE: 93, 106, 107, 135-157, 159-185, 191-217, 225-249, 255-377, 903, 904, 905, 906

TE: 11,12,13, 124a, 124b, 124c, 124d, 158a, 158b,158c, 158d, 190a, 190b, 190c, 190d, 224a,224b, 224c, 224d, 254a, 254b, 254c, 254d

LM: 41-44, 45-50, 51-53,55-59, 61-66, 67-71, 73-76, 77-80, 87- 92, 93-97, 99-102,109-112, 117-120, 121-126, 127-130

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 6-1,6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-1, 8-2;Chapter Test: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; Transparency Box:7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17;Assessment Resources: Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 test

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 4, 5, 6 7, 8 tests, MathRefresher Test Unit 3; CHEMedia Videodisc,Side 2 Spectra of Various Salts, Side 2 ElectronOrbital Shape; Side 2 Periodic Trends, Side 2Reactivity, Side 2 Reactivity of Magnesium,Side 2 Fertilizers, Side 2 Neon Lights, Side 3The Writing on the Wall, Side 3 SyntheticGems, Side 3 Ionic Bonding, Side 3 MetallicBonding, Side 3 Valance Electrons, Side 3Bonding, Side 3 Paramagnatism, Side 3 VSEPRTheory; CHEMedia Computer Simulation:Atomic Structure, Electron Configurations ,Periodic Table, Chemical Formulas andBonding Videotape: The Chemistry ofFireworks, The Geology of Transition Metals,Balancing Soil, What is Gold?, Sticky Business,CO Poisoning, Chemistry of Soft Water, TheStory on Suds





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SC-H-1.2.2An element is composed of a single type of atom. Whenelements are listed according to the number of protons,repeating patterns of physical and chemical propertiesidentify families of elements with similar properties.The periodic table is a consequence of the repeatingpatterns of outermost electrons.

SE/TE: 74-76, 80-83, 159-189, 191-217, 901, 902, 904,905, 906, 942

TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 158a, 158b,158c, 158d, 190a, 190b, 190c, 190d

LM: 55-59, 73-76, 77-80, 87-92, 93-97, 99-102TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-4, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3,6-4, 6-5; Chapter Test: 2, 5, 6; TransparencyBox: 9, 10, 11, 12; Assessment Resources:Chapter 2, 5, 6

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 2, 5, 6 tests; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 1 Elements and Compounds,Side 2 Periodic Trends, Side 2 Reactivity, Side2 Reactivity of Magnesium; CHEMediaComputer Simulation: Periodic Table, ElectronConfigurations; Videotape: What is Gold?, TheGeology of Transition Metals, Balancing Soil





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SC-H-1.2.3Bonds between atoms are created when outer electronsare paired by being transferred or shared. A compoundis formed when two or more kinds of atoms bindtogether chemically.

SE/TE: 225-253, 255-277, 279-303, 535-559, 657-681,805-835, 837-865, 906-908, 917, 929, 930

TE: 11,12,13,224a, 224b, 224c, 224d, 254a, 254b,254c, 254d, 278a, 278b, 278c, 278d, 534a,534b, 534c, 534d, 656a, 656b, 656c, 656d,804a, 804b, 804c, 804d, 836a, 836b, 836c,836d

LM: 103-107, 109-112, 113-116, 117-120, 121-126,127-130

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-1, 8-2, 9-1, 9-2,9-3, 16-1, 16-2, 16-3, 20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 20-4,25-1, 25-2, 25-3, 25-4, 25-5, 26-1, 26-2, 26-3,26-4; Chapter Test: 7, 8, 9, 16, 20, 25, 26Transparency Box: 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,32, 33, 40, 41, 50, 51, 52, 53; AssessmentResources: Chapter 7, 8, 9, 16, 20, 25, 26 test

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 7, 8, 9, 16, 20, 25, 26 test;CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 3 The Writing onthe Wall, Side 3 Synthetic Gems, Side 3 IonicBonding, Side 3 Metallic Bonding, Side 3Valance Electrons, Side 3 Bonding, Side 3Paramagnetism, Side 3 VSEPR Theory, Side 3Decomposition of Nitrogen Triiodide, SideWaste Water Treatment, Side 6 Le Chateleir’sPrinciple, Side 8 Picture This, Side 8 Theoxidation of Magnesium, Side 8 LightSensitivity, Side 8 Space Flight, Side 10Petroleum, Side 10 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons,Side 10 Polymers, Side 10 CondensationPolymers, Side 10 Addition Polymers, Side 10Soaps and Detergents; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Chemical Formulas and Bonding,Balancing Equations, A question of Balance,Balancing Half Reactions; Videotape: StickyBusiness, CO Poisoning, The Geology ofTransition Metals, Chemistry ; of Soft Water,The Story on Suds, The Chemistry ofFireworks, Chemistry in the Crime Lab, TheKinetics of Air Bags, CO Poisoning,Pyrotechnics, Chemistry of Fireworks,Designing Chemicals, What do you know aboutPolymers?





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SC-H-1.2.4The physical properties of compounds reflect the natureof the interactions among molecules. These interactionsare determined by the structure of the molecule includingthe constituent atoms.

SE/TE: 74-76, 80-83, 225-253, 255-277, 279-303, 460-466, 561-587, 595-623, 805-835, 837-865, 867-895, 906, 907, 918, 919, 929, 931

TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 224a, 224b,224c, 224d, 254a, 254b, 254c, 254d, 594a,594b, 594 c, 594d, 804a, 804b, 804c, 804d,836a, 836b, 836c, 836d, 866a, 866b, 866c,866d

LM: 103-107, 109-112, 113-116, 117-120, 121-126TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-4, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-1, 8-2, 17-1, 17-2, 17-3, 18-1, 18-2, 18-3, 25-1, 25-2, 25-3, 25-4, 25-5, 26-1, 26-2, 26-3, 26-4, 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 27-4, 27-5; Chapter Test: 2, 7, 8,17, 18,25, 26, 27; Transparency Box: 13, 14, 15, 16,17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55;Assessment Resources: Chapter 2, 7, 8, 17, 18,25, 26, 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 2, 7, 8, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27 test,Math Refresher Test Unit 7; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 1 Elements and Compounds,Side 3 The Writing on the Wall, Side 3Synthetic Gems, Side 3 Ionic Bonding, Side 3Metallic Bonding, Side 3 Valance Electrons,Side 3 Bonding, Side 3 Paramagnetism, Side 3VSPER Theory, Side 6 Testing a SalineSolution, Side 7 Food From the ‘Hood, Side 7Defining Acids and Bases, Side 3 Acids andMetals, Side 7 Acid Strength vs. concentration,Side 10 Petroleum, Side 10 CondensationPolymers, Side 10 Soaps and Detergents, Side10 Carbohydrates; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Chemical Formulas and Bonding,Strength of Acids and Bases, Inside a Leaf;Videotape: Sticky Business, CO Poisoning, TheGeology of Transition Metals, The Chemistry ofSoft Water, The Story on Suds, Cool ClearWater, Balancing Soil, Designing Chemicals,What do you know about Polymers, Measuringthe Energy Value of Foods





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SC-H-1.2.5Solids, liquids, and gases differ in the distances betweenmolecules or atoms and therefore the energy that bindsthem together. In solids, the structure is nearly rigid; inliquids, molecules or atoms move around each other butdo not move apart; and in gases, molecules or atomsmove almost independently of each other and arerelatively far apart.

SE/TE: 65-73, 80-83, 417-455, 457-493, 561-587, 901,902, 913, 914, 918, 919

TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 5 4b, 54c, 54d, 416a, 416b,416c, 416d, 456a, 456b, 456c, 456d

LM: 197-202, 203-208, 209-215, 217-222, 223-228,229-234, 239-244, 245-250

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 2-3, 13-1, 13-2, 13-3, 113-4,13-5, 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 17-1, 17-2, 17-3;Chapter Test: 2, 13, 14, 17; Transparency Box:4, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35; AssessmentResources: Chapter 2, 13, 14, 17

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 2, 13, 14, 17 test;CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 1 PlasticsRecycling, Side 1 Matter with no Mass, Side 5Racing Hot Air Balloons, Side 5 ImplodingCan, Side 5 Breathing and Boyle's Law, Side 5Scuba Diving, Side 5 Favorite Ideal Gas, Side 5Temperature and Density, Side 5 What CausesLift, Side 5 Weather and Lift, Side 5 Lighterthan Air craft, Side 5 Why a solid is solid, Side5 Viscosity Derby, Side 5 Evaporative Cooling,Side 5 Liquefaction of CO2, Side 6 Testing aSaline Solution; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Matter and Energy, Balloon FlightSimulator, The Gas Laws, Kinetic MolecularTheory, Solubility; Videotape: Under Pressure,The Kinetics of Air Bags, Colder than Cold,Chemistry of Soft; Water, Designing Chemicals,The story on suds, What is gold, StickyBusiness, The Geology of Transition Metals,Balancing Soil





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SC-H-1.2.6In conducting materials, electrons flow easily; whereasin insulating materials, they can hardly flow at all.Semiconducting materials have intermediate behavior.At low temperatures, some materials becomesuperconductors and offer no resistance to the flow ofelectrons.

SE/TE: 474, 477, 597, 683-713, 923, 924TE: T11, T12, T13, 682a, 682b, 682c, 682dLM: 113-116, 339-346, 347-352TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 21-1, 21-2, 21-3, 21-4; ChapterTest: 21; Transparency Box: 42, 43;Assessment Resources: Chapter 21

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 8 ACloser; Look at Voltaic Cells, Side 8 Powerfrom Voltaic Cells, Side 8 The dry cell, Side 8Automobile manufacturing, Side 8 A CloserLook at Electrolytic Cells; CHEMediaComputer Simulation: Voltaic Cells,Electrolytic Cells; Videotape: Going, Going,Going

Chemical Reactions





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SC-H-1.3.1Chemical reactions occur all around us and in every cellin our bodies. These reactions may release or consumeenergy. Rates of chemical reactions vary. Reaction ratesdepend on concentration, temperature, and properties ofreactants. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions.

SE/TE: 279-303, 347-375, 381-409, 535-559, 664, 721-747, 749-769, 867-895, 908, 910, 917, 924,925, 927, 931

TE: T11, T12, T13, 278a, 278b, 278c, 278d, 346a,346b, 346c, 346d, 380a, 380b, 380c, 380d,534a, 534b, 534c, 534d, 720a, 720b, 720c,720d, 966a, 866b, 866c, 866d

LM: 109-112, 163-168, 173-176,177-182, 353-357,359-365, 367-372, 373-378, 379-384, 385-388,415-418, 429-432, 433-437

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3,12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, 16-1, 16-2, 16-3, 22-1,22-2, 22-3, 23-1, 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 27-1, 27-2,27-3, 27-4, 27-5; Chapter Test: 9, 11, 12, 16,22, 23, 27; Transparency Box: 18, 19, 22, 23,24, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 9, 11, 12, 16, 22, 23, 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter test: 9, 11, 12, 16, 22, 23, 27;CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 3 Decompositionof Nitrogen Triiodide, Side 1 Elements andCompounds, Side 4 Measuring EnergyExpenditure, Side 4 Limiting Reactant, Side 4Limit Those half-baked Ideas, Side 4 SpaceShuttle Air Systems, Side 4 Enthalpy Changes,Side 4 Balancing Diet and Exercise, Side 4 HeatCapacity, Side 6 Waste Water Treatment, Side9 Fighting Fire, Side 9 Collision Theory, Side 9Effect of Temperature, Side 9 Clock Reaction,Side 9 Grain Elevator Explosion, Side 9Fireworks, Side 9 Genie in a Bottle, Side 9Catalysts at Work, Side 9 Refining Ores, Side 9Carbon Disulfide and Phosphorus, Side 10Carbohydrates; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Balancing Equations,Stoichiometry, Calorimetry, A question ofBalance, Rates of Reaction, Particle View ofReaction, Firefighting Inside a Leaf; Videotape:The Chemistry of Fireworks, Chemistry in theCrime lab, The Kinetics of Air bags, COPoisoning, Pyrotechnics, Measuring the EnergyValue of Food, Pyrotechnics, The Story on Suds

Motions and Forces





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SC-H-1.4.1Objects change their motion only when a net force isapplied. Laws of motion are used to describe the effectsof forces on the motion of objects.

This objective is met in other Prentice-Hall books.

SC-H-1.4.2Gravity is a universal force that each mass exerts onevery other mass.

SE/TE: 56

SC-H-1.4.3The electric force is a universal force that exists betweenany two charged objects. Opposite charges attract whilelike charges repel.

SE/TE: 112

SC-H-1.4.4Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a singleelectromagnetic force. Moving electric charges producemagnetic forces, and moving magnets produce electricforces. This idea underlies the operation of electricmotors and generators.


Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder





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SC-H-1.5.1The total energy of the universe is constant. Energy canbe transferred in many ways, but it can neither be creatednor destroyed.

SE/TE: 55-60, 79, 80-83, 749-769, 926TE: 11,12,13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 177-182, 379-384TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-1, 23-1, 23-2, 23-3, 23-4;Chapter Test: 2, 23; Transparency Box: 46, 47;Assessment Resources: Chapter 2, 23

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 23 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 9 Refining Ores, Side 9 CarbonDisulfide and Phosphorus, Side 1 Elements andCompounds, Side 9 Fighting Fires;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: Matter; andEnergy, Firefighting; Videotape: Pyrotechnics

SC-H-1.5.2All energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy,potential energy, or energy contained by a field (e.g..electric, magnetic, gravitational).

SE/TE: 55-60, 62, 64, 80-83, 79, 422, 733-734, 901,902

TE: 11,12,13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 379-384,TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-1; Chapter Test: 2TECH: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia Computer

Simulation: Matter; and Energy; AssessmentResources: Chapter 2

SC-H-1.5.3Heat is the manifestation of the random motion andvibrations of atoms, molecules, and ions. The greater theatomic or molecular motion, the higher the temperature.

SE/TE: 61-64, 80-83, 401-407, 420-423, 912, 913TE: 11,12,13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 177-182, 203-208, 223-228, 229-234, 379-384,

385-388TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-2, 12-5; Chapter Test: 2, 12;Transparency Box: 3; Assessment Resources:Chapter 2, 12 test

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter test: 2, 12; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 1, A weird thermometer, Side 1Boiling Point Reduction





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SC-H-1.5.4The universe becomes less orderly and less organizedover time. Thus, the overall effect is that the energy isspread out uniformly. For example, in the operation ofmechanical systems, the useful energy output is alwaysless than the energy input; the difference appears as heat.

SE/TE: 749-769, 926, 927TE: T12, T13, 748a, 748b, 748c, 748dLM: 379-384TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 23-1, 23-2, 23-3, 23-4; ChapterTest: 23 Transparency Box: 46, 47; AssessmentResources: Chapter 23

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 23 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 9 Refining Ores, Side 9 CarbonDisulfide and Phosphorus, Side 1 Elements andCompounds, Side 9 Fighting Fires;CHEMedia Computer Simulation:Firefighting; Videotape: Pyrotechnics;

Interactions of Energy and Matter

SC-H-1.6.1Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves onwater, and electromagnetic waves, can transfer energywhen they interact with matter. Apparent changes infrequency can provide information about relative motion.

SE/TE: 55, 56, 125- 127, 137-139TE: T11, T12, T13, 124a, 124b, 124c, 124dTR: 4-1 Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review

and Reinforcement; Chapter Test: 4;Assessment Resources: Chapter 4

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 4 test; CHEMediaComputer Simulation: Wave; Equation;Videotape: Starry Eyes

SC-H-1.6.2Electromagnetic waves, including radio waves,microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultravioletradiation, x-rays, and gamma rays result when a chargedobject is accelerated.

SE/TE: 114, 115, 125, 126TE: T11, T12, T13, 124a, 124b, 124c, 124dTR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 4-1; Chapter Test: 4;Assessment Resources: Chapter 4

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 4 test; CHEMediaComputer Simulation: Wave; Equation;Videotape: Starry Eyes

Energy in the Earth System





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SC-H-2.1.1Earth systems have sources of energy that are internaland external to the Earth. The Sun is the major externalsource of energy. Two primary sources of internalenergy are the decay of radioactive isotopes and thegravitational energy from Earth’s original formation.

SE/TE: 58, 796, 797-803, 867-870, 893-895, 927, 928,931

TE: T11, T12, T13, 776a, 776b, 776c, 776dTR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 24-3, 27-1; Chapter Test: 24,27; Transparency Box: 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 24, 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 24, 27 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 10 Carbohydrates;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: Inside aLeaf; Videotape: Fission and Fusion, Measuringthe Energy Value of Foods, The Story of Suds





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SC-H-2.1.2The outward transfer of Earth’s internal heat drivesconvection circulation in the mantle. This causes thecrustal plates to move on the face of the Earth.


SC-H-2.1.3Heating of Earth’s surface and atmosphere by the Sundrives convection within the atmosphere and oceans,producing winds and ocean currents.

SE/TE: 417

SC-H-2.1.4Global climate is determined by energy transfer from theSun at and near Earth’s surface. This energy transfer isinfluenced by dynamic processes, such as cloud coverand the Earth’s rotation and static conditions such as theposition of mountain ranges and oceans.


Geochemical Cycles

SC-H-2.2.1Earth is a system containing essentially a fixed amountof each stable chemical or element. Each element canexist in several different reservoirs. Each element onEarth moves among reservoirs in the solid Earth, oceans,atmosphere, and organisms as part of geochemicalcycles.

SE/TE: 72, 73, 205-212, 268, 777, 905, 906TE: 11,12,13, 190a, 190b, 190c, 190dTR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and


TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 6 test; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 2Fertilizers, Side 2 Neon Lights; Videotape: BalancingSoil





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SC-H-2.2.2Movement of matter between reservoirs is driven byEarth’s internal and external sources of energy. Thesemovements are often accompanied by a change inphysical and chemical properties of the matter. Carbon,for example, occurs in carbonate rocks such aslimestone, in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas, inwater as dissolved carbon dioxide, and in all organismsas complex molecules that control the chemistry of life.

SE/TE: 72, 73, 205-212, 268, 285, 568, 777, 805-835,867-895, 928, 929, 931

TE: 11,12,13, 190a, 190b, 190c, 190d, 804a, 804b,804c, 804d, 866a, 866b, 866c, 866d

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 6-4, 25-1, 25-2, 25-3, 25-4, 25-5, 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 27-4, 27-5; Chapter Test: 6,25, 27; Transparency Box: 50, 51, 54, 55;Assessment Resources: Chapter 6, 25, 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 6, 25, 27 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 2 Fertilizers, Side 2 NeonLights, Side 10 Petroleum, Side 10 UnsaturatedHydrocarbons, Side 10 Condensation Polymers,Side 10 Addition Polymers; CHEMediaComputer Simulation: Inside a Leaf; Videotape:Balancing Soil, What do you know aboutPolymers, Measuring the Energy Value of Food,The Story on Suds

The Formation and Ongoing Changes of the Earth System

SC-H-2.3.1The Sun, Earth, and the rest of the solar system formedapproximately 4.6 billion years ago from nebular cloudof dust and gases.


SC-H-2.3.2Techniques used to estimate geological time includeusing radioactive dating, observing rock sequences, andcomparing fossils to correlate the rock sequences atvarious locations.

SE/TE: 776, 781, 800-803, 927LM: 51-54TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and


TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 24 test; Videotape: Fusionand Fission

SC-H-2.3.3Interactions among the solid Earth, the oceans, theatmosphere, and living things have resulted in theongoing development of a changing Earth system.Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be observed on ahuman time scale, but many processes, such as mountainbuilding and plate movements, take plate over hundredsof millions of years.






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SC-H-2.3.4Evidence for one-celled forms of life, the bacteria,extends back more than 3.5 billion years. The changesin life over time caused dramatic changes in thecomposition of the Earth’s atmosphere, which did notoriginally contain oxygen.


The Formation and Ongoing Changes of the Universe

SC-H-2.4.1The big bang theory and observational measurementsthat support it place the origin of the universe at a timebetween 10 and 20 billion years ago, when the universebegan in a hot dense state. According to this theory, theuniverse has been expanding since then.


SC-H-2.4.2Early in the history of the universe, the first atoms toform were mainly hydrogen and helium. Over time,these elements clumped together by gravitationalattraction to form trillions of stars.


SC-H-2.4.3Stars have life cycles of birth and death that areanalogous to those of living organisms. During theirlifetimes, stars generate energy from nuclear fusionreactions that create successively heavier chemicalelements. Some stars explode at the end of their lives,and the heavy elements they have created are blasted outinto space to form the next generation of stars andplanets.


The Cell





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SC-H-3.1.1Cells have particular structures that underlie theirfunction. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane thatseparates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is aconcentrated mixture of thousands of different moleculesthat form a variety of specialized structures. Thesestructures carry out specific cell functions.


SC-H-3.1.2Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Foodmolecules taken into cells react to provide the chemicalconstituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Bothbreakdown and synthesis are made possible by a largeset of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdownof some of the food molecules enables the cell to storeenergy in specific chemicals that are used to carry outthe many functions of the cell.

SE/TE: 57,58, 347, 387, 397-400, 664, 867-895, 931TE: 866a, 866b, 866c, 866dLM: 131-136, 429-432, 433-437, 439-444TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement 12-4, 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 27-4, 27-5; Chapter Test: 12, 27; Transparency Box: 24,54, 55; Assessment Resources: Chapter 12, 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 12, 27 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 4 Balancing Diet and Exercise,Side 4 Heat Capacity, Side 10 Carbohydrates;CHEMedia Computer Simulation:Calorimetry, Inside a Leaf; Videotape:Measuring the Energy Value of Food, The Storyon Suds

SC-H-3.1.3Cells store and use information to guide their functions.The genetic information stored in DNA directs thesynthesis of the thousands of proteins that each cellrequires.

SE/TE: 888-895, 931TE: T11, T12, T13, 866a, 866b, 866c, 866dTR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 27-5; Chapter Test: 27;Transparency Box: 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 27

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 27 test

SC-H-3.1.4Cell functions are regulated. Regulation occurs boththrough changes in the activity of the functionsperformed by proteins and through selective expressionof individual genes. This regulation allows cells torespond to their internal and external environments andto control and coordinate cell growth and division.


Reinforcement: 27-4, 27-5; Chapter Test: 27;Transparency Box: 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 27






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SC-H-3.1.5Plant cells contain chloroplasts, the site ofphotosynthesis. Plants and many microorganisms (e.g.,Eulgena) use solar energy to combine molecules ofcarbon dioxide and water into complex, energy-richorganic compounds and release oxygen to theenvironment. This process of photosynthesis provides avital link between the Sun and energy needs of livingsystems.

TE: T11, T12, T13, 866a, 866b, 866c, 866dSE/TE: 664, 869

SC-H-3.1.6In the development of multicellular organisms, cellsmultiply and differentiate to form many specialized cells,tissues, and organs. This differentiation is regulatedthrough the expression of different genes.


Reinforcement 27-5; Chapter Test: 27;Transparency Box: 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 27


The Behavior of Organisms

SC-H-3.2.1Multicellular animals have nervous systems that generatebehavior. Nerve cells communicate with each other bysecreting specific molecules. Specialized cells in senseorgans detect light, sound, and specific chemicalsenabling animals to monitor what is going on in theworld around them.


SC-H-3.2.2Behavioral responses to internal changes and externalstimuli can be innate or learned. Responses to externalstimuli can result from interactions with the organism’sown species and/or other species, as well asenvironmental changes.


SC-H-3.2.3The broad patterns of behavior exhibited by organismhave changed over time through the natural selection toensure reproductive success. Organisms often live inunpredictable environments, so their behavioralresponses must be flexible enough to deal withuncertainty and change. Behaviors often have anadaptive logic.


The Molecular Basis of Heredity





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SC-H-3.3.1In all organisms and viruses, the instructions forspecifying the characteristics are carried in nucleic acids.The chemical and structural properties of nucleic acidsdetermine how the genetic information that underliesheredity is both encoded in genes and replicated.


Reinforcement: 27-5; Chapter Test: 27;Transparency Box: 54, 55; AssessmentResources: Chapter 27


SC-H-3.3.2Multicellular organisms, including humans, form fromcells that contain two copies of each chromosome. Thisexplains many features of heredity. Transmission ofgenetic information through sexual reproduction tooffspring occurs when male and female gametes thatcontain only one representative from each chromosomepair unite.


SC-H-3.3.3Changes in DNA (mutations) occur spontaneously at lowrates. Some of these changes make no difference to theorganism, whereas others can change cells andorganisms. Only mutations in germ cells have thepotential to create the variation that changes anorganism’s future offspring.


Biological Change

SC-H-3.4.1Species change over time. Biological change over timeis the consequence of the interactions of (1) the potentialfor a species to increase its numbers, (2) the geneticvariability of offspring due to mutation andrecombination of genes, (3) a finite supply of theresources required for life, and (4) natural selection. Theconsequences of change over time provide a scientificexplanation for the fossil record of ancient life forms andfor the striking molecular similarities observed amongthe diverse species of living organisms.


SC-H-3.4.2The great diversity of organisms is the result of morethan 3.5 billion years of biological change over time thathas filled every available niche with life forms. Themillions of different species of plants, animals, andmicroorganisms that live on Earth today are related bydescent from common ancestors.






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SC-H-3.4.3Biological classifications are based on how organismsare related. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy ofgroups and subgroups based on similarities that reflecttheir relationships. Species is the most fundamental unitof classification. Different species are classified by thecomparison and analysis of their internal and externalstructures and the similarity of their chemical processes.


The Interdependence of Organisms

SC-H-3.5.1Atoms (e.g., carbon, nitrogen) and molecules (e.g.,water) cycle among the living and nonliving componentsof the biosphere.

SE/TE: 72, 73, 205-212, 268, 285, 777, 905TE: 11, 12, 13, 190a, 190b, 190c, 190dTR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 6-4; Chapter Test: 6TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive Student

Tutorial: Chapter 6 test; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 2 Fertilizers, Side 2 NeonLights; Videotape: Balancing Soil; AssessmentResources: Chapter 6

SC-H-3.5.2Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction fromphotosynthetic organisms to herbivores to carnivores anddecomposers.

SE/TE: 539, 664

SC-H-3.5.3Organisms both cooperate and compete in ecosystems.Often changes in one component of an ecosystem willhave effects on the entire system that are difficult topredict. The interrelationships and interdependencies ofthese organisms may generate ecosystem that are stablefor hundreds or thousands of yeas.

SE/TE: 539

SC-H-3.5.4Living organisms have the capacity to producepopulations of infinite size. However, behaviors,environments, and resources influence the size ofpopulations. Models (e.g., mathematical, physical,conceptual) can be used to make predictions aboutchanges in the size or rate of growth of a population.

SE/TE: 539





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SC-H-3.5.5Human beings live within the world’s ecosystems.Human activities can deliberately or inadvertently alterthe dynamics in ecosystems. These activities canthreaten current and future global stability and, if notaddressed, ecosystems can be irreversibly affected.

SE/TE: 33, 56, 69, 206, 361, 388, 403, 448, 536, 539,631,700, 702, 729, 740, 764, 778, 889

LM: 17-21, 305-312

Matter, Energy, and Organization in Living Systems





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SC-H-3.6.1Living systems require a continuous input of energy tomaintain their chemical and physical organization sincethe universal tendency is toward more disorganizedstates. The energy for life primarily derives from theSun. Plants capture energy by absorbing light and usingit to form strong (covalent) bonds between the atoms ofcarbon-containing molecules. These molecules can beused to assemble molecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, sugars,fats). In addition, the energy stored in the bondsbetween the atoms can be used as sources of energy forlife processes.

SE/TE: 55-60, 80-83, 347, 393-400, 664, 796, 797TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 379-384, 409-413, 429-432, 901, 912, 913TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-1, 12-4; Chapter Test: 2, 12;Transparency Box: 24; Assessment Resources:Chapter 2

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 2, 12; CHEMediaVideodisc, Side 4 Balancing Diet and Exercise,Side 4 Heat Capacity; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Matter and Energy, Calorimetry;Videotape: Measuring the Energy Value ofFood

SC-H-3.6.2The chemical bonds of food molecules contain energy.Energy is released when the bonds of food molecules arebroken and new compounds with lower energy bonds areformed. Cells usually store this energy temporarily inthe phosphate bonds of ATP. During the process ofcellular respiration, some energy is lost as heat.

SE/TE: 55-60, 80-83, 347, 393-400, 664, 901, 912, 913TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 415-418TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-1, 12-4; Chapter Test: 2, 12;Transparency Box: 24; Assessment Resources:Chapter 2, 12

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Chapter 12; CHEMedia Videodisc,Side 4 Balancing Diet and Exercise, Side 4 HeatCapacity; CHEMedia Computer Simulation:Matter and Energy; Videotape: Measuring theEnergy Value of Food

SC-H-3.6.3As matter and energy flow through differentorganizational levels (e.g., cells, organs, organisms,communities) and between living systems and thephysical environment, chemical elements are recombinedin different ways. Each recombination results in storageand dissipation of energy into the environment as heat.Matter and energy are conserved in each change.

SE/TE: 55-60, 65-73, 80-83, 393-400, 568, 901TE: 11, 12, 13, 54a, 54b, 54c, 54dLM: 137-140, 379-384TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 2-1, 2-3, 12-4; Chapter Test: 2,12; Transparency Box: 4, 24; AssessmentResources: Chapter 2, 12

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 1Plastics; Recycling, Side 1 Matter with noMass, Side 4 Balancing Diet and Exercise, Side4 Heat Capacity; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Matter and Energy, Calorimetry;Videotape: Measuring the Energy Value ofFood

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY





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Academic Expectation: 2.1 Scientific Ways of Thinking and Working

Formulate testable hypotheses and demonstrate thelogical connections between the scientific conceptsguiding a hypothesis and the design of an experiment.

SE/TE: 3-53, 70, 71,120, 154, 186, 214, 250, 274, 280,296, 298, 335, 340, 374, 389, 404, 418,450,459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 552, 556, 572,582, 598, 620, 633,644, 675, 678, 688, 710,732, 744, 760, 766, 800, 832, 862, 877, 892,900

TE: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2dLM: This objective is met throughout the Lab

Manual. Representative pages include: 145-150, 305-311, 415-418

TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7;Chapter Test: 1; Transparency Box: 1, 2;Assessment Resources: Chapter 1

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Math Refresher Test, Unit 1; Chapter1 test; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 1Connections to Our Changing World, Restoringthe Sistine Chapel, International System ofMeasure, Why does ice float?, Density Column;CHEMedia Computer Simulation: ProblemSolving p 34, Density p 34, Problem Solving, p43; Videotape: Chemistry in the Crime Lab

Use equipment, tools, techniques, technology, andmathematics to improve scientific investigations andcommunications.

SE/TE: 3-53, 900, 934-941TE: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2dLM: This objective is met throughout the Lab








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Use evidence, logic, and scientific knowledge to developand revise scientific explanations and models.

SE/TE: 3-53, 70, 71,120, 154, 186, 214, 250, 274, 280,296, 298, 335, 340, 374, 389, 404, 418,450,459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 552, 556, 572,582, 598, 620, 633,644, 675, 678, 688, 710,732, 744, 760, 766, 800, 832, 862, 877, 892,900



TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review andReinforcement: 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7;Chapter Test: 1


Communicate and defend the designs, procedures,observations, and results of scientific investigations.

SE/TE: 3-53, 70, 71,120, 154, 186, 214, 250, 274, 280,296, 298, 335, 340, 374, 389, 404, 418,450,459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 552, 556, 572,582, 598, 620, 633,644, 675, 678, 688, 710,732, 744, 760, 766, 800, 832, 862, 877, 892,900









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Review and analyze scientific investigations andexplanations of other investigators including peers.

SE/TE: 3-53, 70, 71,120, 154, 186, 214, 250, 274, 280,296, 298, 335, 340, 374, 389, 404, 418,450,459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 552, 556, 572,582, 598, 620, 633,644, 675, 678, 688, 710,732, 744, 760, 766, 800, 832, 862, 877, 892,900

LM: This objective is met throughout the LabManual. Representative pages include: 145-150, 305-311, 415-418



Applications/ConnectionsApplications/connections skills will be assessed only in the context of physical, Earth/space, and life sciencescontent.

Science and Technology

Apply scientific theory and conceptual understandings tosolve problems of technological design and examine theinteraction between science and technology.

SE/TE: 6, 7, 64, 118, 150, 172, 201, 204, 210, 235,269, 290, 325, 363, 390, 403, 448, 477, 529,539, 568, 604, 631, 673, 702, 729, 764, 791,823, 857, 889

LM: 17-21, 169-172

Personal and Social Perspectives

Explore the impact of knowledge and discoveries onpersonal and community health; recognize how scienceinfluences human population growth, use science toanalyze the use of natural resources by an increasinghuman population; investigate how science can be usedto solve environmental quality problems, use science toinvestigate natural and human-induced hazards; andanalyze how science and technology are necessary butnot sufficient for solving local, national, and globalissues.

SE/TE: 7, 33, 56, 69,95-102, 195, 196, 201, 206, 269,273, 361, 388, 390, 403, 448, 536, 539,631,700, 702, 729, 740, 764, 778, 889, 900

LM: 17-21, 305-312





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Nature of Science

Analyze the role science plays in everyday life andcompare different careers in science; recognize thatscientific knowledge comes from empirical standards,logical arguments, and skepticism, and is subject tochange as new evidence becomes available; andinvestigate advances in science and technology that haveimportant and long-lasting effects on science and society.

SE/TE: 3-53, 58, 72, 73, 84, 91-102, 131, 136, 146,151, 159-163, 173, 187-189, 193, 195, 198,211, 218, 230, 260, 269, 284, 304, 325, 333,349, 353, 355, 359, 361, 387, 388, 390, 396,410, 425, 443, 484, 494, 507, 509, 546, 567,588, 614, 627, 650, 699, 705, 714, 742, 754,762, 770, 780, 815, 851, 882, 896, 900

TE: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2dLM: 35-40, 127-130, 277-282, 367-372TR: Explore, Apply, Enrich, Practice, Review and

Reinforcement: 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7,3-2, 5-1; Chapter Test: 1, 3, 5 TransparencyBox: 1, 2, 5, 6; Assessment Resources: Chapter1, 3

TECH: www.phschool.com; Interactive StudentTutorial: Math Refresher Test, Unit 1; Chapter1, 3, 5 test; CHEMedia Videodisc, Side 1Connections to Our Changing World, Restoringthe Sistine Chapel, International System ofMeasure, Why does ice float?, Density Column,Side 2 Electric Charges, Side 2 Rutherford’sExperiment; CHEMedia ComputerSimulation: Problem Solving p 34, Density p34, Problem Solving, p 43, Atomic Structure,Periodic Table; Videotape: Chemistry in theCrime Lab;

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