preface - punjab, pakistan draft document.pdf · 7. engr. faiz m. bhutta m/s izhar construction...

PREFACE

Introduction

Punjab Province is currently facing huge energy shortfall and there is great need for creating

different institutions and undertaking development projects in public and private sector for

energy efficiency and conservation. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan

is 22,668 MW with demand growing at 8% annually. Punjab consumes 68% of the total

electricity generated in the country and is facing with severe energy shortfalls that have very

adversely affected its targets for annual GDP growth for the past many years. With the

increase in Punjab’s population over 111 Million the demand, generation and consumption

are constantly increasing. Energy efficiency and conservation has achieved greater

significance than ever before and is now being considered as a resource option like coal, oil

and gas etc. “A watt saved is a Watt generated”.

Development

Government of Punjab has mandated Punjab Energy Department to act as the provincial

coordinator for energy efficiency and conservation measures and policy. In this regards,

Punjab Energy Efficiency & Conservation Agency (PEECA) has been tasked as per Pakistan

Energy Conservation Act 2016 to revise/modify Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building

Codes of Punjab. PEECA has assigned this responsibility to UNICON Consulting Services

(Private) Limited. PEECA has also contacted Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC), being the

statutory body for the development and implementation of building codes. All institutional,

professional, industrial and public sector stakeholders are taken on board by open house

discussions in various regions of Punjab, public hearings, specialized working groups and

general consultation. The implementation and enforcement of this code vest with Punjab

Energy Department/PEECA, through concerned municipal authorities.

The provisions of this code focus on high‐end domestic and commercial consumers, and are

designed to conserve energy without compromising public safety. Every effort has been made to

ensure that these provisions do not unnecessarily increase cost, or restrict use of new materials

and technology. The future development of this code shall encompass low‐end users and

buildings, if deemed necessary up to 10 KW and/or of appropriate covered area.

Adoption

The Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Code of Punjab ‐ 2017 shall be adopted as an

integral part Building Code of Pakistan 1986. The notification (SRO) for adoption must give

general legal cover to the Code, for enforcement. Such notification shall also allow changes

to be made after a minimum of three years, and a maximum of five years by Pakistan

Engineering Council along with relevant stakeholders.

Maintenance

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 i

The Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Code of Punjab – 2017 shall be kept updated

by a standing committee working under the aegis of PEECA. This committee shall interact

with representatives of industry, engineering professionals and other stakeholders through

an open code development process before any change is suggested.

Waiver

While utmost care has been taken by the members who contributed in developing these

provisions of the Code, the individuals concerned, and/or their respective organizations,

accept no liability resulting from the compliance, or non‐compliance of the said Provisions by

practitioners. The power to ensure compliance vests only with the Government of Punjab.

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A document as important and detailed as this Code has input from many experts. While it is

not possible to acknowledge everyone’s effort here, it is important to list those in the PEECA

Task Force for Revision/Modification of Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Codes of

Punjab – 2017.

1. Prof Dr. Niaz Ahmed Khan Vice Chairman Punjab, Pakistan Engineering Council

2. Ar. Asad I. A. Khan Chairman, Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners

3. Ar. Parvez L. Qureshi, (Convener) Chief Executive UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

4. Engr. Khadim Hussain Bhatti

5. Engr. Farhan Mahboob Ex‐President, ASHRAE Pakistan Chapter

6. Mr. Abdur Rahman

Program Manager, PEECA

7. Engr. Faiz M. Bhutta M/S Izhar Construction (Private) Limited.

8. Ar. Fauzia H. Qureshi Director/Principal Architect UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

9. Dr. Sabahat Alamgir Chairperson, Dept. of Product & Industrial Design, UET Lahore.

10. Ar. Silwat Afzal Architect, Environmental Consultant & Academia

11. Mr. Raza Ali Architect & Institutional Expert

12. Mr. Maqsood Ahmed Charted Electrical Engineer, Chief Executive International Engineers (Private) Limited

13. Lt. Col. (R) Mohsin Mir TI (M) Project Manager, UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

14. Engr. Abrar Shaikh Electrical Engineer, CEO Abrar Shaikh Associates (Private) Limited.

15. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan Chairman, Dept. of Architectural Engineering & Design, UET Lahore.

16. Ar. Zahid Usman Architect, Associate Professor National College of Arts

17. Engr. Asad Mahmood

Director Technical NEECA

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 iii

18. Engr. Tahir Saeed Public Health Engineer, UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

19. Ar. Muhammad Omar Farooq Senior Architect, UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

20. Mr. Farrukh Jamal Project Manager, UNICON Consulting Services (Private) Limited.

21. Mr. Aqrab Rana Pakistan Green Building Council

22. Mr. Muhammad Suhaib Tahir

Pakistan Green Building Council

23. Mr. Umar Sana Ullah

Program Engineer, PEECA

24. Engr. Shazad Raza HVAC Engineer, Chief Executive ACS Enterprise (Private) Limited

25. Ar. Amina Qayyum Mirza Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners Representative

26. Ms. Huma Daha Project Coordinator, Asian Development Bank

27. Dr. Tariq M. Jadoon Associate Professor and Dept. Chair, Electrical Engineering, LUMS.

28. Engr. Rehman Maqbool Member Governing Body, Pakistan Engineering Council

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 iv

SOURCE DOCUMENTS

Punjab Energy Efficiency & Conservation Agency (PEECA), Government of Punjab, acknowledges

that it has the permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning

Engineers (ASHRAE) to transcribe and reproduce portions of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – 2013 for

the purpose of the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Codes of Punjab – 2017.

The Punjab Energy Efficiency & Conservation Agency (PEECA), Government of Pakistan accepts

that ASHRAE has the ownership and copyrights of all transcribes and reproduce portions from

their document used in the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Codes of Punjab – 2017.

The only exception is Section – IV of Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Codes of Punjab

– 2017, which has been developed keeping in view Energy Codes of regional countries and

the local environment.

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial Item/Subject Page Preface i

Acknowledgements iii

Source Documents v

1 Section – I: Purpose 1

2 Section – II: Scope 2

2.0 Scope 2

2.1 Title 2

2.2 Applicable Building System 2

2.3 Exemptions 2

2.4 Limitations (Safety, Health & Environmental 2

considerations)

3 Section – III: Administration & Enforcement 3

3.0 Administration & Enforcement 3

3.1 Compliance Requirements 3

3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements 3

3.1.2 New Buildings 3

3.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings 3

3.1.3.1 Building Envelope 3

3.1.3.2 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning 3

3.1.3.3 Service Water Heating 3

3.1.3.4 Lighting 3

3.1.3.5 Electric Power System & Motors 4

3.2 Administrative Requirements 4

3.3 Compliance Documents 4

3.4 Supplementary Information 4

4 Section – IV: Building Envelope 5

4.1 General 5

4.2 Mandatory Requirements 5

4.2.1 Building Envelope 5

4.2.1.1 External walls and Roofs 5

4.2.1.2 Glass and Framing System 5

4.2.1.3 Air Leakage / Infiltration 6

4.3 Compliance Documents 6

5 Section – V: Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning 7

5.1 General 7


Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 vi

5.2.1 Controls 7

5.2.1.1 System Controls 7

5.2.1.2 Temperature Control 7

5.2.1.3 Dead Band 7

5.2.1.4 Mechanical Ventilation 7

5.2.1.5 Non‐Residential Kitchen Space 8

5.2.1.6 Cooling Towers 8

5.2.2 Piping and Ductwork 8

5.2.3 System Balancing 9

5.2.3.1 General 9

5.2.3.2 Air System Balancing 9

5.2.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing 9

5.3 Recommended Voluntary Adoption 10

5.3.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies 10

5.3.2 Recommended Requirements 17

5.3.2.1 Economizers 17

5.3.2.1.1 Air Side Economizers 17

5.3.2.1.2 Testing Air Side Economizers 27

5.3.2.2 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems 18


5.4.1 Natural Ventilation 18

5.4.2 Alternate Energy 18

5.5 Compliance Documentation 18

6 Section – VI: Service Water Heating 19

6.1 General 19


6.2.1 Piping Insulation 19

6.2.2 Equipment Efficiency 19

6.2.3 Swimming Pools 21

6.2.3.1 Pool Covers 21

6.2.3.2 Pool Heaters 21

6.3 Voluntary Adoption 21


7 Section – VII: Lighting 22

7.1 General 22


7.2.1 Lighting Control 22

7.2.1.1 Interior Space Control 22

7.2.1.2 Exterior Lighting Control 22

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 vii

7.2.1.3 Additional Control 22

7.2.2 Exit Signs 23

7.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting 23

7.2.4 Landscape Lighting 23

7.3 Interior Lighting Power 23

7.3.1 Building Area Method 24

7.3.2 Space by Space Method 25

7.3.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power 26

7.4 Exterior Lighting Power 26


7.5.1 Lighting Control 28

7.5.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff 28

7.5.1.2 Control in Day Lighted Areas 29

7.5.1.3 Energy Efficient Lighting 29

7.5.1.4 Energy Saving Systems 29

7.5.1.5 Alternate Energy 29


8 Section – VIII: Electrical Power & Motors 30

8.1 General 30


8.2.1 Transformers 30

8.2.1.1 Automatic Allowable Power Transformer 31 Losses

8.2.1.2 Measurement & Reporting of Transformer 32 Losses

8.2.2 Energy Efficient Motors 32

8.2.3 Power Factor Correction 33

8.2.4 Check‐Metering 33

8.2.5 Power Distribution Systems 33


9 Section – IX: Definitions, Abbreviations & Acronyms 35

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 viii

LIST OF TABLES

Serial # Table Number Description 1 4.2.1.1 External Walls & Roof 2 4.2.1.2 A External Glass Area (less than or equal to 40%) 3 4.2.1.2 B External Glass Area (More than 40%) 4 5.2.2A Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness 5 5.2.2B Minimum Duct Insulation R‐Value, Combined Heating

& Cooling Supply & Return Ducts

6 5.3.1 A Air Condition & Condensing Units 7 5.3.1 B Electrically Operated Unitary & Applied Heat Pumps

Minimum Efficiency Requirements 8 5.3.1 C Water Chilling Packages Minimum Efficiency

Requirements 9 5.3.1 D Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air

Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single‐ Packed Vertical Air Conditioners, Single‐Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps‐Minimum Efficiency Requirements

10 5.3.1 E Warm Air Furnaces & Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces & Unit Heaters

11 5.3.1 F Oil & Gas Fired Boilers – Minimum Efficiency Requirements

12 5.3.1 G Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment

13 6.2.1 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness 14 6.2.2 Performance Requirements for Water Heating

Equipment

15 7.3.1 Interior Lighting Power Densities Building Area Method

16 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power Densities – Space by Space Method Space Function LPD (W/ft2)

17 7.4 Exterior Building Lighting Power 18 8.2.1.1 A Maximum Allowable Losses of 11 kVA Out Door

Transformers 19 8.2.1.1 B Maximum Allowable Losses of 11 kVA In Door

Transformers

20 8.2.2 Minimum Acceptable Motor Efficiencies

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Codes ‐ 2017 ix

SECTION – I

1. Purpose

The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for energy‐efficient

design and construction of buildings.

While suitable alternate energy sources must be developed and harnessed, it is more

important that we use existing energy resources more prudently incorporating both of

the following:

a. Energy efficiency which is physical upgrades by using technology that requires less energy to perform the same function like replacing worn out weather stripping,

repairing leaking ductwork, adding insulation, replacing inefficient lighting and

appliances/equipment etc. b. Energy conservation that involves change in behavior to save energy like turning

off the lights, powering down computers and electronic equipment at night,

lowering the thermostat in winter and raising in summer etc.

Punjab Energy Conservation Building Code ‐ 2017 1

SECTION – II

2. Scope

The code shall apply to buildings and building clusters that have a total connected load of 100 kW or greater, or a contract demand of 125 kVA or greater, or a

conditioned area of 900 m2 or greater, or an unconditioned buildings of covered area

of 1,200 m2 or more. The code is applicable to the following to provide

energy‐efficiency requirements for the design and construction of: (1). New buildings and their systems.

(2). New portions of existing buildings and their systems, if the conditioned area or

connected load exceeds the prescribed above.

(3). New systems and new equipment in existing buildings and

(4). Increase in the electricity load beyond the limit mentioned above.

2.1 Title

This code shall be known as the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Code

of Punjab – 2017 (EE&CBC Punjab – 2017).

2.2 Applicable Building System

The provisions of this code shall apply to:

a. Building envelopes b. Building mechanical systems and equipment, including heating,

ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) c. Service Water Heating (SWH) d. Lightings and e. Electric Power & Motors

2.3 Exemptions

The code shall NOT apply to the following:

a. Buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuels. b. Government notified historically significant and heritage buildings. c. Equipment and portions of building systems that use only for

manufacturing processes.

d.

2.4 Safety, Health & Environmental codes take precedence

Where this code is found to be in conflict with safety, health, or environmental

codes, the safety, health or environmental codes shall take precedence.


SECTION – III

3. Administration & Enforcement

3.1 Compliance Requirements

Review and approval of plans and specifications by respective sanctioning and

development authorities/municipalities shall be in accordance with Energy

Efficiency & Conservation Building Code of Punjab – 2017 (EE&CBC Punjab –

2017).

3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements

Compliance with the requirements of the Energy Efficiency & Conservation

Building Code of Punjab – 2017 shall be mandatory for all applicable

buildings mentioned in section – 2.

3.1.2 New Buildings

New buildings shall comply with the provisions of sections 4 through 8.

3.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings

Alterations to existing buildings and building systems shall comply with the

Energy Efficiency & Conservation Building Code – 2017 of sections 4

through 8.

3.1.4 Building Envelope

Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements

of section 4.

3.1.5 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning

Alterations to the building heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment

or systems shall comply with the requirements of section 5, applicable to the

portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or

control devices/systems installed in conjunction with the alteration shall

comply with the specific minimum efficiency requirements applicable to that

equipment or control device/system provided herein.

3.1.6 Service Water Heating

Alterations to building service water heating equipment or systems shall

comply with the requirements of section 6 to the portion of the building

and its system being altered. Any new equipment or control

devices/system installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply

with specific minimum efficiency requirements applicable to that

equipment or system / control device provided herein.

3.1.7 Lighting


Alterations to building lighting equipment or systems shall comply with the

lighting power density requirements of section 7, applicable to the

portion/s of the building and its system being altered. Any new equipment

or systems/control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall

with comply the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or

systems/control device provided herein.

3.1.8 Electric Power Systems & Motors

Alterations to building electric power systems and motor shall comply with

the requirements of section 8, applicable to the portions of the building

and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or control devices

installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific

requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.

3.2 Administration Requirements

Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, having

jurisdiction, energy standards, interpretations, claims of exemptions and rights

of appeal are specified by the authority having jurisdiction.

3.3 Compliance Documents

Compliance documents shall show all pertinent data and features of the

building, equipment and systems in sufficient detail to permit the authority

having jurisdiction to verify that the building complies with the Energy

Efficiency & Conservation Building Code of Punjab – 2017.

3.4 Supplementary Information

The authority having jurisdiction may require supplementary information

necessary to verify compliance with these provisions, such as calculations,

worksheets, compliance forms, manufacturer’s literature or other data.


SECTION – IV

4. Building Envelope

4.1 General

The criteria set in this section establish the minimum energy conservation and

efficiency requirements for the building envelope. Design criteria that results in

greater levels of energy efficiency and conservation shall be allowed. The

building envelope shall comply with the mandatory provisions of this section.

4.2 Mandatory Requirements

4.2.1 Building Envelope

The design of buildings and selection of materials forming their surfaces

shall aim at reducing heat transfer to and from buildings and adhere to the

following criteria.

4.2.1.1 External Walls and Roof

Overall U values of external walls and roof shall not exceed limits

specified in Table 4.2.1.1.

Table 4.2.1.1 U values for External Walls & Roof

Wall U: 0.57 W/m2.K (0.100 Btu/h.ft2.oF)

Roof U:0.44 W/m2.K (0.078 Btu/h.ft2.oF)

4.2.1.2 Glass and Framing System

(a). For buildings with external glass area, not exceeding 40% of the

external wall area of the building, the overall U values and shading

coefficients shall not exceed limits specified in Table 4.2.1.2A.

Table 4.2.1.2A External Glass Area (Not exceeding 40%)

Heat Transmission Coefficient (U) 3.5 W/m2.K (0.44 Btu/h.ft2.oF)

Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.76

(b). For buildings with external glass area, in excess of 40% of the

external wall area of the building, the overall U values and shading

coefficient shall not exceed limits specified in Table 4.2.1.2B.

Table 4.2.1.2B External Glass Area (Exceeding 40%)

Heat Transmission Coefficient (U) 2.5 W/m2.K (0.37 Btu/h.ft2.oF)

Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.35


4.2.1.3 Air Leakage/Infiltration

The building envelope shall be durably sealed, caulked, gasketed or

weather‐stripped to minimize air leakages wherever the tendency exists.

Vestibules/lounges/entrances shall be provided to minimize infiltration

through revolving/sliding/swinging doors.

Air leakages for revolving/sliding/swinging entrance/exit doors shall not

exceed 5.0 L/s/m2 (1.0 cfm/ft2) and for windows, doors air leakage shall

not exceed 2.0 L/s/m2 (0.4 cfm/ft2).

4.3 Compliance Documentations

The authority having jurisdiction would develop the required documents for

implementation.


SECTION – V

5. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

5.1 General

All heating, ventilating and air‐conditioning shall comply with the mandatory

provisions of this section.


5.2.1 Controls

5.2.1.1 System Control

All mechanical cooling and heating systems shall be controlled by a building management system or a time clock that: (a). Can start and stop the system under different schedules for

three different day types per week. (b). Is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a

loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours and (c). Includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary

operation of the system for up to 2 hours. Exceptions to 5.2.1.1 (a). Residential sector with non‐centralized system/s.

5.2.1.2 Temperature Control

Temperature to be maintained as follows: Summer: not less than 25 o C [26?] Winter: not more than 22 o C [20?]

5.2.1.3 Dead Band All heating and cooling equipment shall be temperature controlled. Where a unit provides both heating and cooling controls shall be

capable of providing a temperature dead band of 3 oC (5 oF) within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Where separate heating and cooling equipment serve the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling. Exception to 5.2.1.3 (a) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating

and cooling modes (b) Special occupancy or special applications where wide temperature

ranges are not acceptable (such as retirement homes, process applications, data processing, museums, some areas of hospitals) and are approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

5.2.1.4 Mechanical Ventilation Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) shall be

equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut off


or for volume reduction or shut off when full ventilation is not requires. Automatic or gravity dampers that close when the system is not operating shall be provided for outdoor air intake and exhausts. Automatic or manual dampers installed for the purpose of shutting off ventilation systems shall be designed with light shutoff characteristic to minimize air leakage. Exceptions to 5.2.1.4 Manual dampers for outdoor intakes may be used in the following cases:‐ (a). For single and multi‐family residential buildings. (b). Dampers are not required when ventilation air flow is less than

100 ft3/min (0.047 m3/s).

5.2.1.5 Non‐Residential Kitchen Space Non‐residential kitchen space shall be designed with an exhaust air and make up air balance such that the space is never under a positive pressure with reference to adjacent space.

5.2.1.6 Cooling Towers

All cooling towers and closed circuit fluid coolers shall have preferably variable drives either two speed motors/pony motors, controlling the fans.

5.2.2 Piping and Ductwork (a). Piping shall be insulated in accordance with table 5.2.2A:

Table 5.2.2A Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness a

Fluid Design Insulation Nominal Pipe or Tube Size (in) Operating Conductivity

Temp

Range (oF) Conductivity Mean < 1 1 to < 1‐1/2 4 to ≥ 8 Btu.in / Rating 1‐1/2 to < 8

(h.ft2.oF) Temp < 4

o F

Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate and Hot Water) b, c

> 350 0.32 – 0.34 250 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 251 ‐ 350 0.29 – 0.32 200 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

201 ‐ 250 0.27 – 0.30 150 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 141 ‐ 200 0.25 – 0.29 125 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 105 ‐ 140 0.22 – 0.26 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems

105+ 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine and Refrigerant) d

40 ‐ 46 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 < 40 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5

a. For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be

determined as follows:‐


T = r {1 + t/r) K/k – 1} Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation

thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of

alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature

(Btu.in. [h‐ft2. O F]) and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the

applicable fluid temperature. b. These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is

sometimes requires relative to safety issues/surface temperature.

c. Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run‐outs when the control

valve is located within 4 ft of the coil and the pipe size is 1 in or less d. These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Issues such as water vapor

permeability or surface condensation sometimes require vapor retarders or additional insulation.

(b). Ductwork shall be insulated in accordance with table 5.2.2B

Table 5.2.2B Minimum Duct Insulation R‐Valuea, Combined Heating and Cooling Supply Ducts and Return Ducts

Duct Locations Exterior Ventilate Un‐ Un‐vented Unconditi Indirectly Buried

d Attic ventilate Attic with ‐oned Conditioned

d Attic Roof Space b Space

c above Insulation

insulated a

ceiling

Supply Ducts

R‐6 R‐6 R‐8 R‐3.5 R‐3.5 None R‐3.5

Return Ducts

R‐3.5 R‐3.5 R‐3.5 None None None None a. Insulation R‐value, measured in (h. ft2. oF)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not

include film resistance. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of 5.2.4.2 or section 4, Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75 oF at the installed thickness.

b. Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non ventilated c. Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above.

5.2.3 System Balancing

5.2.3.1 General Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards. Construction documents shall require that a written testing, commissioning and balance report be provided to the owner or the designated representative of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding

5000 m2 (5000 ft2).

5.2.3.2 Air System Balancing


Air system shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans system power greater than 1.0 hp (0.75 kW)), fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.

5.2.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions. Exceptions to 5.2.3.3 Impellers need not be trimmed nor pump speed adjusted:‐ (a). For pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or less (b). When throttling results in no greater than 5% of the nameplate

horsepower draw, or 3 hp (2.24 kW), whichever is greater, above that required if the impeller was trimmed.

5.2.4 Condenser

5.2.4.1 Condenser Location Care shall be exercised in locating the condenser in such a manner that heat sink is free of interference from heat discharge by devices located in adjoining spaces and also does not interfere with such other systems installed nearby.

5.2.4.2 Treated Water for Condenser All buildings using centralized cooling water system shall use soft

water for the condenser and chilled water system.

5.3 Recommended Guidelines

5.3.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies HVAC Equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum performance at the specified rating conditions when tested in accordance with the specified test procedures. The equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements unless otherwise stated.

Table 5.3.1A Air Conditioners and Condensing Units

Equipment Size Heating Sub‐ Minimu Test Type Category Section Category m Procedur Type or Rating Efficiency e

b

Condition a Air < 65,000 Split 12.0 SEER ARI Conditioners, Btu/h c All System 210/240 Air Cooled Single 12.0 SEER

Package Through the ≤ 30,000 Split 12.0 SEER

Wall, Air Btu/h c All System

Cooled Single 12.0 SEER

System


Small‐Duct < 65,000 All Split 10 SEER ARI

High‐ Velocity, Btu/h c System 210/240

Air Cooled ≥65,000 Electric Split 10.3 EER

Btu/h and Resistanc System and

<135,000 e (or Single

Btu/h None) Package All other Split 10.1 EER

System and

Single

Package ≥135,000 Electric Split 9.7 EER

Air

Btu/h and Resistanc System and < 240,000 e (or Single

Conditioners, Btu/h None) Package Air Cooled ARI

All other

Split

9.5 EER

340/360 System and

Single


Btu/h and Resistanc System and 9.7 IPLV


Btu/h None) Package

All other Split 9.3 EER

System and 9.5 IPLV

Single


Btu/h Resistanc System and 9.4 IPLV

e (or Single

None) Package


System and 9.2 IPLV

Single

Package <65,000 All Split 12.1 EER ARI Btu/h System and 210/240

Single




Btu/h None) Package

Air All other Split 11.3 EER

System and

Conditioners,

Single

Water and

Package

Evaporatively

≥135,000

Electric

Split

11.0 EER

Cooled



<240,000 e (or Single ARI

Btu/h None) Package 340/360


System and

Single


Btu/h Resistanc System and 10.3 IPLV

e (or Single

None) Package


System and 10.1 IPLV

Single

Package Condensing ≥135000 10.1 EER ARI 365

Units, Air Btu/h 11.2 IPLV

Cooled Condensing ≥135000 13.1 EER

Units Water Btu/h 13.1 IPLV

or

Evaporatively

Cooled a. PLVs and part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. b. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure,

including the referenced year version of the test procedure. c. Single‐phase, air‐cooled air‐conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA SEER values are

those set by NAECA.

Table 5.3.1C Water Chilling Packages Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Equipment Size Subcategory Minimum Test Type Category or Rating Efficiency a Procedure b

Condition Air Cooled All 2.80 COP ARI550/590 Capacities 3.05 IPLV Water Cooled, All 4.20 COP

Electrically Capacities 5.05 IPLV ARI550/590 Operated,

(Reciprocating

) Water Cooled, < 150 tons 4.45 COP

Electrically 5.20 IPLV

Operated , ≥150 tons 4.90 COP

(Rotary Screw and 5.60 IPLV ARI550/590

and Scroll) <300 tons ≥ 300 tons 5.50 COP

6.15 IPLV Water Cooled, < 150 tons 5.00 COP

Electrically 5.25 IPLV

Operated, ≥150 tons 5.55 COP

Centrifugal and 5.90 IPLV

<300 tons

≥ 300 tons 6.10 COP


6.40 IPLV ARI550/590 Water‐Cooled All

Adsorption Capacities 0.7 COP

Single Effect

Adsorption All 1.0 COP

Double Effect, Capacities 1.05 IPLV

Indirect‐Fired

Absorption All 1.00 COP

Double Effect, Capacities 1.00 IPLV

Direct‐Fired

a. The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low‐temperature

applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is < 40 oF b. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure,

including the referenced year version of the test procedure.

Table 5.3.1D Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single‐Packaged Vertical Air Conditioners, Single‐Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners and Room Air Conditioners Heat Pumps‐Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Equipment Size Subcategory Minimum Test Type Category or Rating Efficiency Procedure a

(Input) Condition PTAC (Cooling All 95 o F db 12.5 –

Mode) New Capacities Outdoor air (0.213 x

Construction Cap/1000)c

EER PTAC (Cooling All 95 o F db 10.9 –

Mode) Capacities Outdoor air (0.213 x

Replacements Cap/1000)c b EER

PTHP (Cooling All 95 o F db 12.3 –

Mode) New Capacities Outdoor air (0.213 x


ARI 310/380

EER

PTHP (Cooling All 95 o F db 10.8 –

Mode) Capacities Outdoor air (0.213 x

Replacements Cap/1000)c b EER

PTHP (Heating All 3.2 – (0.026

Mode) New Capacities x


COP PTHP (Heating All 2.9 – (0.026

Mode) Capacities x

Replacements Cap/1000)c b COP


SPVAC (Cooling All 95 o F db/75 8.6 EER

Mode) Capacities oF wb

Outdoor air

SPVHP All 95 o F db/75 8.6 EER ARI 390

(Cooling Capacities oF wb

Mode) Outdoor air

SPVHP All 47 o F db/43 2.7 COP

(Heating Capacities oF wb

Mode) Outdoor air

Room Air < 6000 9.7 SEER

Conditioners, Btu/h

with Louvered ≥6000 Btu/h 9.7 EER

Sides and < 8,000

Btu/h ≥8,000 9.8 EER

Btu/h and <

14,000

Btu/h ≥14,000 9.7 SEER

Btu/h and <

20,000 ANSV Btu/h

AHAM ≥20,000 8.5 EER

Btu/h RAC‐I Room Air < 8000 9.0 EER

Conditioners, Btu/h

Without

≥8000 Btu/h 8.5 EER

Louvered Sides and <

20,000

Btu/h ≥20,000 8.5 EER

Btu/h Room Air < 20,000 9.0 EER

Conditioner Btu/h

Heat Pumps ≥20,000 8.5 EER

with Btu/h Room Air < 14, 000 8.5 EER

Conditioned Btu/h

Heat Pumps ≥14,000 8.0 EER

without Btu/h

Louvered Sides

a. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.

b. Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: “MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS”, Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16 in. high and less than 42 in. wide

c. Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less

than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit’s capacity is greater than

15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.


Table 5.3.1E Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air‐Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnace and Unit Heaters

Equipment Size Subcategory Minimum Test

Type Category or Rating Efficiency b Procedure c

(Input) Condition Warm Air <225,000 78% AFUE or DOE 10 CFR

Furnace Btu/h 80% Etd Part 430 or

Gas‐Fired ANSI Z21.47

≥225,000 Maximum 80% Ecg ANSI Z21.47

Btu/h Capacity d

Warm Air <225,000 78% AFUE or DOE 10 CFR

Furnace Oil‐ Btu/h 80% Etd Part 430 or

Fired ANSI Z21.47

≥225,000 Maximum 81% Etf UL 727

Btu/h Capacity d

Warm Air All Maximum 80% Ecg ANSI Z83.9

Duct Capabilities Capacity d

Furnaces,

Gas‐Fired

Warm Air All Maximum 80% Ecg ANSI Z83.8

Unit Capabilities Capacity d

Heaters,

Gas‐Fired

Warm Air All Maximum 80% Ecg UL 731

Unit Capabilities Capacity d

Heaters,

Oil‐Fired

a. Et = thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. b. ASHRAE 90.1 ‐2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure,

including the referenced year version of the test procedure. c. Ec = Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition

device (110), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.

d. Combination units not covered by NAECA (3‐phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating.

e. Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls. f. Et = thermal efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device

(IID), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for these furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.

g. Ec = combustion efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion.

Table 5.3.1F Gas and Oil Fired Boilers‐Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Equipment Size Category Subcategory Minimum Test Type (Input) or Rating Efficiency b Procedure c

Condition Hot Water 80% AFUE


< 300,000 Steam 75% AFUE DOE 10 CFR Boilers, Btu/h Part 430

Gas‐Fired

≥ 300,000 Maximum 75% Et b

Btu/h and ≤ Capacity d H.I. Htg 2,500,000 Boiler Std Btu/h >2,500,000 Hot Water 80% Ec

Btu/h a

>2,500,000 Steam 80% Ec

Btu/h a

<300,000 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR

Btu/h Part 430

Boilers, Oil

≥ 300,000 Maximum 78% Et b

Btu/h and ≤

Capacity d

DOE 10 CFR

Fired 2,500,000 Part 430

Btu/h H.I.Htg Boiler

>2,500,000 Hot Water 83% Ec Std.

Btu/h a

>2,500,000 Steam 83% Ec

Btu/h a

≥ 300,000 Maximum 78% Et b

Oil‐Fired Btu/h and ≤ Capacity d H.I.Htg Boiler

(Residual) 2,500,000

Std

Btu/h >2,500,000 Hot Water 83% Ec

Btu/h a

>2,500,000 Steam 83% Ec

Btu/h a

a. These requirements apply to boilers with rated input 800,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.

b. Et = thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information c. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure,

including the referenced year version of the test procedure d. Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the units controls.

Table 5.3.1G Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment

Equipment Total System Subcategory or Performanc Test Type Heat Rating Condition e Required Procedure Rejection a,b c

Capacity at

Rated

Conditions All 95 o F Entering ≥ 38.2 CTI ATC ‐ Propeller or Water gpm/hp 105 Axial Fan 85 o F Leaving

Cooling Water

Towers 75 o F wb Outdoor

air


All 95 o F Entering ≥ 20.0 CTI ATC ‐

Centrifugal Water gpm/hp 105 Fan Cooling 85 o F Leaving

Towers Water

75 o F wb Outdoor

air All 125oF Condensing ≥176,000 ARI460

Air‐Cooled Temperature Btu/h.hp

Condensers R‐22 Test Fluid

190oF Entering Gas

Temperature

15oF Sub cooling

95oF Entering db a. For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of

the tower divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power b. For purpose of this table, air‐cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from

the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. c. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure,

including the referenced year version of the test procedure.

5.3.2 Recommended Requirements

Compliance shall be demonstrated with the requirements in 5.3.2.1 through 5.3.2.2 for each HVAC system that meets the following criteria: (a). Serves a single zone (b). Cooling (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split‐system air

conditioner or heat pump (c). Heating (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split‐system heat

pump, fuel‐fired furnace, electric resistance heater, or baseboards connected to a boiler and

(d). Outside air quantity is less than 3000 cfm (1,400 l/s) and less than 70% of supply air at design conditions.

Other HVAC systems shall comply with ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004.

5.3.2.1 Economizers

5.3.2.1.1 Air Side Economizer Each individual cooling fan system that has a supply capacity over 2,500 cfm (1200 l/s) and a total mechanical cooling capacity over 75,600 Btu/hr (22.2 kW or 6.3 tons) shall include either: (a). An air economizer capable of modulating outside‐air and

return‐air dampers to supply 100 percent of the design supply air quantity as outside‐air; or

(b). A water economizer capable of providing 100% of the expected system cooling load at outside air

temperatures of 50 oF (10 oC) dry‐bulb/45 oF (7.2 oC) wet‐bulb and below.

5.3.2.1.2 Testing Air Side Economizers


Air‐side economizers shall be tested in the field to ensure proper operation Exception to 5.3.2.1.2 Air economizers installed by the HVAC system equipment manufacturer and certified to the building department as being factory calibrated and tested per relevant ASHRAE/ARI standard procedure

5.3.2.1.3 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems (a). HVAC pumping systems that include control valves shall

be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be capable of reducing pump flow rates to

(b). 50% of the design flow rate or (c). Less of the design flow rates for proper orientation of the

chillers or boilers (d). Water cooled air‐conditioning or heat pump units with a

circulation pump motor greater than or equal to 5 hp (3.7 kW) shall have control devices on each water cooled air‐ conditioning or heat pump unit that are interlocked with the compressor to shut off condenser water flow when the compressor is not operating.

(e). Chilled water or condenser water systems that shall comply with either 5.3.2.2 (a) or 5.3.2.2 (b) and that have pump motors greater than or equal to 5 hp (3.7 kW) shall be controlled by variable speed drives.

5.4 Recommended Voluntary Adoption

5.4.1 Natural Ventilation Natural ventilation shall comply with the design guidelines as per ASHRAE

5.4.2 Alternate Energy The use of energy recovery system, geothermal energy, solar systems and other renewable energy systems is encouraged for adoption in buildings as an alternative to conventional heating, ventilating and cooling systems

5.5 Compliance Documentation


implementation.


SECTION – VI

6. Service Water Heating

6.1 General

All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply with

the mandatory Provision of this section.


6.2.1 Piping Insulation

Piping insulation shall comply with Table 6.2.1

Table 6.2.1 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness a

Fluid Design Insulation Nominal Pipe or Tube Size (in) Operating Conductivity

Temp Range

(oF) Conductivity Mean < 1 1 to < 1‐1/2 4 to ≥ 8 Btu.in / Rating 1‐1/2 to < 8

(h.ft2.oF) Temp < 4

o F

Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate and Hot Water) b, c

> 350 0.32 – 0.34 250 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0

251 ‐ 350 0.29 – 0.32 200 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

201 ‐ 250 0.27 – 0.30 150 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 141 ‐ 200 0.25 – 0.29 125 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 105 ‐ 140 0.22 – 0.26 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems

105+ 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine and Refrigerant) d

40 ‐ 46 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 < 40 0.22 – 0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5

e. For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be

determined as follows:‐ T = r {1 + t/r) K/k – 1} Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation

thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of

alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature

(Btu.in. [h‐ft2. O F]) and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the

applicable fluid temperature.

f. These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is

sometimes requires relative to safety issues/surface temperature. g. Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run‐outs when the control

valve is located within 4 ft of the coil and the pipe size is 1 in or less

h. These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Issues such as water vapor

permeability or surface condensation sometimes require vapor retarders or additional insulation.

6.2.2 Equipment Efficiency


Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum

efficiency requirements presented in Table 6.2.2:

Table 6.2.2 Performance Requirements for Water Heating Equipment Equipment Size Subcategory Performance Test

Type Category or Rating Required a Procedure

b

(Input)

Condition

≤ 12 kW Resistance 0.93 – DOE 10CFR Electric

Water ≥ 20 gal 0.00132V EF Part 430

> 12 kW Resistance 20 + 35 √V SL, ANSI Heaters ≥ 20 gal Btu/h Z21.10.3 ≤ 24 Amps Heat Pump 0.93 – 0.00 DOE 10CFR and ≤ 250 132V EF Part 430 Volts ≤ 75, 000 ≥ 20 gal 0.62 – 0.0019V DOE 10CFR Gas Storage Btu/h EF Part 430 Water Heater > 75,000 <4,000 80% E, (Q/800 + ANSI Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal 110 √V) SL, Z21.10.3 Btu/h > 50,000 ≥ 4,000 0.62 – 0.0019V

Btu/h and (Btu/h)/gal EF DOE 10CFR Gas < 200,000 and < 2 gal Part 430

Instantaneous Btu/h

Water Heater ≥ 200,000 ≥ 4,000 80% Et

ANSI Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal

and ≥ 10 gal Z21.10.3

≥ 200,000 ≥ 4,000 80% Et (Q/800

Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal + 110 √V) SL,

and ≥ 10 gal Btu/h

Oil Storage ≤ 105,000 ≥ 20 gal 0.59 – 0.0019V DOE 10CFR Water Btu/h EF Part 430

Heaters > 105,000 ≥ 4,000 78% Et (Q/800 ANSI Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal + 110 √V) SL, Z21.10.3

and < 10 gal

Btu/h

Oil ≤ 210,000 ≥ 4,000 0.59 – 0.0019V DOE 10CFR

Instantaneous Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal EF Part 430

Water and <2 gal

Heaters > 210,000 ≥ 4,000 80% Et ANSI Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal Z21.10.3 and < 2 gal

> 210,000 ≥ 4,000 78% Et (Q/800

Btu/h (Btu/h)/gal + 110 √V) SL,

and < 10 gal Btu/h Hot Water ≥ 300,000 ≥ 4,000 80% Et

Supply Btu/h and (Btu/h)/gal

Boilers, Gas & < 125,000 and < 10 gal

Oil Btu/h ANSI

Hot Water ≥ 4,000 80% Et (Q/800 Z21.10.3 Supply (Btu/h)/gal + 110 √V) SL,

Boilers, Gas and < 10 gal Btu/h


Hot Water ≥ 4,000 78% Et (Q/800 Supply (Btu/h)/gal + 110 √V) SL,

Boilers, Oil and < 10 gal Btu/h Pool Heaters All 78% Et ASHRAE 146

Oil & Gas

Heat Pump All 4.0 COP ASHRAE 146

Pool Heaters

Unfired All R‐12.5 None

Storage Tanks a. Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (EI) are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL)

is maximum Btu/h based on a 70 o F temperature difference between stored water and ambient

requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation, V is the rated

volume in gallons and Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h b. ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced

test procedure c. Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these

requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures 180 o F or higher

6.2.3 Swimming Pools

6.2.3.1 Pool Covers

Heated pools shall be provided with a vapor retardant pool cover on

or at the water surface. Pools are heated to more than 90 o F (32oC)

shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R‐12 (R‐

2.1)

Exceptions to 6.2.3.1

Pools deriving over 60% of their energy from site‐recovered energy

or solar energy source are exempted.

6.2.3.2 Pool Heaters

Pool heaters shall be equipped with a readily accessible on‐off

switch to allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the

thermostat setting. Pool heaters fired by natural gas shall not have

continuously burning lights.

6.3 Voluntary Adoption

Building with a centralized system may have heat recovery units. The use of solar

/ renewable energy for water heating is also recommended for adoption by

the buildings with centralized and non‐centralized systems. Residential facilities of 420 m2 (4300 sq. ft) or greater plot area, commercial

building, hotels and hospitals with centralized system may have solar / renewable energy for water heating at least one fifth of the design capacity.

6.4 Compliance Documentation


implementation.


SECTION – VII

7. Lighting 7.1 General

Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the mandatory provisions of

this section. The lighting requirements in this section shall apply to:‐ (a).

Interior space of buildings

(b). Exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs,

architectural features, entrances, exits, loading docks and illuminated

canopies and

(c). Exterior building grounds lighting that is provided through the electrical

system of building

Exceptions to 7.1:

(a). Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building

operation and is powered by battery, generator or other alternate

power source and

(b). Lighting not connected to grid (c). Lighting that is specially designated as required by a health or life safety

stature or ordinance


7.2.1 Lighting Control

7.2.1.1 Interior Space Control

Each space enclosed by ceiling‐height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. The device can be a switch which is activated either manually or automatically by sensing an occupant sensor. Each control device regardless of the type shall have the following functions:‐

(a) Control a maximum of 250 m2 (2500 ft2) for space less or equal to 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) and maximum of 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) for a space greater than 1000 m2 (10,000 ft2).

(b) Be capable of overriding the required shut off control for no more than two hours.

(c) Be readily accessible and located so that occupant can see the control.

7.2.1.2 Exterior Lighting Control

Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in section 7.3

shall be controlled by a photo sensor or astronomical time switch

that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting

when day light is available or the lighting is not required.

7.2.1.3 Additional Control


The following specialty lighting spaces shall be equipped with a control

device that separates lighting control from that of general lighting:‐

(a). Display/Accent Lighting. Display/Accent lighting greater than

300 m2 (3000 ft2) shall have separate control device. (b). Case Lighting. Lighting in cases used for display purposes

greater than 30 m2 (300 ft2) area shall be equipped with a

separate control device. (c). Hotel & Motel Guest Room Lighting. Hotel and motel guest

rooms and guest suits shall have a master control device at the

main room entry that controls all permanently luminaries and

switched receptacles.

(d). Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting including permanently

installed under shelf or under cabinet lighting shall have a wall

mounted control device provided the control complies with 7.2.1.1

(e). Non‐Visual Lighting. Lighting for non‐visual applications such as

plant growth and food warming shall be equipped with space

control device.

7.2.2 Exit Signs

Internally‐illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5W per face.

7.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting

All exterior building grounds luminaries that operate at greater than

100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W

unless the luminaries are controlled by a motion sensor

7.2.4 Landscape Lighting

Lighting for landscaping should have a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W

and should be controlled by photo sensor and astronomic time switch.

7.3 Interior Lighting Power

The installed interior lighting power for a building or a separately metered or

permitted portion of a building shall be calculated in accordance with 7.3.3 and

shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance determined in

accordance with either 7.3.1 or 7.3.2. Tradeoffs of interior lighting power

allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of

calculation has been used are not permitted.

Exception to 7.3

The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when

determining the interior lighting power allowance, nor should the wattage for


such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power. However, any

such lighting should not be exempted unless it is an additional to general

lighting and is controlled by an interdependent control device.

(a). Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function

performed in galleries, museums and monuments

(b). Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed

by its manufacturer

(c). Lighting specially designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting

integral to medical equipment

(d). Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment

(e). Lighting for plant growth or maintenance

(f). Lighting in spaces specially designed for use by the visually impaired

(g). Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed

by ceiling height partitions

(h). Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a

registered interior historic landmark

(i). Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage

(j). Exit signs

(k). Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems

(l). Lighting for theatrical purposes including performance, stage and film or

video production and

(m). Authentic playing areas with permanent facilities for television

broadcasting

7.3.1 Building Area Method

Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by building area

method shall be in accordance with the following:‐

(a) Determination the allowed lighting power density from table 7.3.1 for

each appropriate building area type, however the LPD should be less

than or equal to the recommended values. For building area types not

listed selection of a reasonably equivalent type should be permitted.

(b) Calculate the gross lighted floor area for each building area type


(c) Multiply the gross lighted floor for each building area type(s) times the

lighting power density

(d) The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the

lighting power allowances of all building area types. Trade‐offs among

building area types are permitted provided that the total installed interior

lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building

area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.

Table 7.3.1 Interior Lighting Power Densities (Building Area Method)

Common Space Type LPD Building Specific Space LPD

(W/ft2) Type (W/ft2) Automotive Facility 0.9 Multifamily 0.7

Convention Center 1.2 Museum 1.1

Court House 1.2 Office 1.0 Dinning. Bar Lounge / 1.3 Parking Garage 0.3 Leisure Dinning. Cafeteria / Fast 1.4 Penitentiary 1.0 Food

Dinning. Family 1.6 Performing Arts Theater 1.6 Dormitory 1.0 Police / Fire Station 1.0 Exercise Center 1.0 Post Office 1.1 Gymnasium 1.1 Religious Building 1.3 Healthcare Clinic 1.0 Retail 1.5

Hospital / Health Care 1.2 School / University 1.2 Hotel 1.0 Sports Arena 1.1

Library 1.3 Town Hall 1.1 Manufacturing Facility 1.3 Transportation 1.0 Motel 1.0 Warehouse 0.8 Motion Picture Theater 1.2 Workshop 1.4

7.3.2 Space by Space Method

Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by space by

space method shall be in accordance with the following:

(a). Determination the appropriate lighting type from table 7.3.2 and the

allowed lighting power density, however the LPD should be less than or

equal to the recommended values. For building area types not listed

selection of a reasonably equivalent type should be permitted.

(b). For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height,

determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the

partition wall. Include the floor area of balconies or other projections.


Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height

requirements.

(c). The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power

allowance for all spaces. The lighting power allowance for a space is the

product of the gross lighted floor area of the space times the allowed

lighting power density for that space.

7.3.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power

The installed interior lighting power calculated for compliance with section

7.4 shall include all power used by the luminaries, including lamps, ballasts,

current regulators and control devices except as specially exempted in

section 7.1.

Exception to 7.3.3

If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are

controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior

lighting power should be based solely on the lighting system with the

highest power.

Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power Densities – Space by Space Method

Space Function LPD (W/ft2)

Building Area Type LPD Building Area LPD (W/ft2) Type (W/ft2) Office 0.95 Card File & 1.1

Cataloging

Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3 Stacks 1.7

Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4 Reading Area 1.2 Lobby 1.3 Hospital

For Hotel 1.1 Emergency 2.7 For Performing Arts Theater 3.3 Recovery 0.8 For Motion Picture Theater 1.1 Nurse Station 1.0 Audience/Seating Area 0.9 Exam Treatment 1.5 For Gymnasium 0.4 Pharmacy 1.2 For Exercise Center 0.3 Patient Room 0.7 For Convention Center 0.7 Operating Room 2.2

For Religious Buildings 1.7 Nursery 0.6 For Sports Arena 0.4 Medical Supply 1.4 For Performing Arts Theater 2.6 Physical Therapy 0.9

For Motion Picture Theater 1.2 Radiology 0.4 For Transportation 0.5 Laundry – Washing 0.6 Atrium – first three floors 0.6 Automotive – 0.7

Service Repair

Atrium‐each additional floor 0.2 Manufacturing

Lounge/Recreation 1.2 Low Bay (< 8 m 1.2

ceiling)


For Hospital 0.8 High Bay(> 8 m 1.7 ceiling)

Dining Area 0.9 Detailed 2.1 Manufacturing

For Hotel 0.92 Equipment Room 1.2

For Motel 0.92 Control Room 0.5 For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 1.1 Hotel/Motel Guest 0.92

Rooms For Family Dining 1.1 Dormitory – Living 1.1

Quarters

Food preparation 1.2 Museum

Laboratory 1.4 General Exhibition 1.0 Restrooms 0.9 Restorations 1.7 Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6 Bank Office – 1.5

Banking activity

Area

Corridor/Transition 0.5 Religious Buildings

For Hospital 1.0 Worship‐Hall 2.4 For Manufacturing Facility 0.5 Fellowship Hall 0.9 Stairs‐active 0.6 Retail

Active Storage 0.8 Sales Area 1.4 For Hospital 0.9 Mall Concourse 1.5 Inactive Storage 0.3 Sports Arena

For Museum 0.8 Ring Sports Area 2.7

Electrical/Mechanical 1.5 Court Sports Area 2.3 Workshop 1.9 Indoor Field Area 1.4 Sleeping Quarters 0.3 Warehouse

Convention Center – Exhibit Space 1.3 Fine Material 1.4 Storage

Transportation Medium/Bulky 0.9 Material Storage

Airport – Concourse 0.6 Parking Garage – 0.2 Garage Area

Air/Train/Bus – Baggage Area 1.0

Terminal – Ticket Counter 1.5

7.4 Exterior Lighting Power

For building exterior lighting applications specified in Table 7.4, the connected

lighting power shall not exceed the specified lighting power limits specified for

each of these applications.

Table7.4 Exterior Building Lighting Power

Exterior Lighting Applications Power Limits Building entrances (with canopy) 1.3 W/ft2 (13 W/m2) of canopied area Building entrance (without canopy) 30 W/lin ft (90 W/lin m) of door width Building exit 20 W/lin ft (60 W/lin m) of door width Building facades 0.2 W/ft2 (2 W/m2) of each illuminated

wall or surface

Uncovered parking areas 0.15 W/ft2 (1.5 W/m2)


Walkways less than 10 ft wide 1.0 W/lin ft (3.0 W/lin m)

Walkways 10 ft wide or greater 0.2 W/lin ft (0.6 W/lin m)

Exceptions to 7.4

Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempted when

equipped with an independent control device:‐

(a). Specialized signal, directional and marker lighting associated with

transportation

(b). Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered

historic landmark structures or buildings

(c). Lighting that is integral to advertising signage or

(d). Lighting that is specifically designated as required by a health or life

stature, ordinance or regulation

(e). Temporary lighting

(f). Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites

and associated storage areas

(g). Lighting for athletic playing areas (h). Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its

manufacturer

7.5 Recommended Voluntary Adoption

7.5.1 Lighting Control

7.5.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff

Interior lighting systems in buildings larger than 5,000 ft2 (500 m2)

should be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off

building lighting in all spaces. Within these buildings all office areas less

than 300 ft2 (30 m2) enclosed by walls or ceiling‐height partitions, all

meeting and conference rooms, all school classrooms, and all storage

spaces shall be equipped with occupancy sensors. For other spaces,

this automatic control device shall function on either (a). A scheduled basis using a time‐of‐day operated control device

that turn lighting off at specific programmed times – an

independent program schedules shall be provided for areas of

no more than 25,000 ft2 but not more than one floor – or

(b). An occupant sensor that shall turn the lighting off within 15

minutes of an occupant leaving the space. Light fixtures controlled

by occupancy sensors shall have a wall mounted, manual switch

capable of turning off lights when the space is occupied.

(c). A signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the

area is occupied.

Exception to 7.5.1.1


The following shall not require an automatic control device

(a). Lighting systems designed for 24‐hour use

(b). Lighting in spaces where patient care is rendered

(c). Spaces where an automatic shutoff would endanger the security

of the room or building occupant(s).

7.5.1.2 Control in Lighted Areas

7.5.1.3 Energy Efficient Lighting

Energy Efficient lighting (environment friendly LED, LVD, SMD, COB

Compact Florescent Lighting etc.) should be adopted as far as

possible to save energy.

7.5.1.4 Energy Saving Systems

Certified energy saving systems should be used to save energy

7.5.1.5 Alternate Energy

Alternate Energy options (Solar, Wind, Biogas etc.) should be used

to enhance the share of alternate energy in energy mix.

7.6 Compliance Documentations


implementation.


SECTION – VIII

8. Electrical Power

8.1 General

Electric equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory requirements

of this section.


8.2.1 Transformers

8.2.1.1 Maximum Allowable Power Transformer Losses

Power transformers of the proper ratings and design shall be

selected to satisfy the minimum acceptable efficiency at their full

load rating. In addition, the transformer must be selected such that

it minimizes the total of its initial cost in addition to the present

value of the cost of its total lost energy while serving its estimated

loads during its respective life span.

Transformer used in buildings shall be constructed with high quality

grain oriented low loss silicon steel and virgin electrolytic grade copper

and the manufacture’s certificate to this effect should be obtained.

Transformers must be manufactured according to IEC standard

insulation class A and shall contain 99.99% windings of electrolytic

grade copper conductor having core of grade M4 silicon steel with

Class‐1 minimal oil for oil filled transformers.

A. Out Door Transformers For transformers rating (25 kVA to 630 kVA) is mandatory to be

according to WAPDA specifications DDS‐84:2007 Amendment‐V,

an increase of 7 to 10% load on thermal class (A) is allowed,

Transformer Capacity, kVA Total Power Losses on 100% (W)

25 610 50 1076

100 1864 200 3124 400 5220

630 7600

Reference condition: 100% of nameplate load at temperature of 75oC

B. In Door Transformers Insulation class A which will withstand temperature 105 oC after receiving the class temperature. Percentage increase in


temperature will raise the losses by 6% of the total losses,

therefore transformer must not be loaded more than 80% of its

rated capacity.

C. Table 8.2.1.1B Maximum Allowable Losses of 11 kVA

Transformers (In Door Transformers)

Transformer Capacity, kVA Low Loss Recommended (W) 750 1024

1000 12880 1250 16400

1500 18800 1600 20080 2000 24400 2500 30400 3000 36400

D. Reference condition: 100% of nameplate load at temperature of

75oC.

8.2.1.2 Measurement and Reporting of Transformer

Losses

All measurement of losses shall be carried out by certified persons by using calibrated digital meters of class 0.5 or better accuracy. All transformers of capacity of 500 kVA and above would be equipped with additional metering class current transformer (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs) additional to requirements of utilities so that periodic loss monitoring study may be carried out.

8.2.2 Energy Efficient Motors

Motors shall comply with the following: (a). Permanently wired poly‐phase motors of 0.375 kW or more serving the

building should have a minimum acceptable nominal full load motor efficiency not less than shown in Table 8.2.2 for energy efficient motors.

(b). Motors of horsepower differing from those listed in the table should have efficiency greater than that of the next listed kW motor.

(c). Motor horsepower ratings should not exceed 200% of the calculated maximum load being served.

(d). Motor nameplates should list the nominal full –load motor efficiencies and the full‐load power factor.

(e). Motors users should insist on proper rewinding practices for any rewound motors. If the proper rewinding practices cannot be assured, the damaged motor should be replaced with a new, efficient one.

(f). Certificates should be obtained and kept on record indicating the motor efficiency. Whenever a motor is rewound, appropriate measures should be taken so that the core characteristics of the motor is not lost due to thermal and mechanical stress during removal of damaged parts. After


rewinding, a new efficiency test should be performed and a similar

record shall be maintained.

Table 8.2.2 Minimum acceptable Motor Efficiencies

Motor Size (kW) Efficiency (%)

2 Pole 4 Pole

1.1 (1.5 hp) 82.2 83.8

1.5 (2 hp) 84.1 85

2.2 (3 hp) 85.6 86.4

3.0 (4 hp) 86.7 87.4

4.0 (5.5 hp) 87.6 88.3

5.5 (7.5 hp) 88.5 89.2

7.5 (10 hp) 89.5 90.1

11.0 (15 hp) 90.6 91

15.0 (20 hp) 91.3 91.8

18.5 (25 hp) 91.8 92.2

22.0 (30 hp) 92.2 92.6

30.0 (40 hp) 92.9 93.2

37.0 (50 hp) 93.3 93.6

45.0 (60 hp) 93.7 93.9

55.0 (75 hp) 94 94.2

75.0 (100 hp) 94.6 94.7

8.2.3 Power Factor Correction

All electricity supplies exceeding rating of 100 A / 3 phase, shall maintain

their power factor between 0.90 lag and unity at the point of connection.

8.2.4 Check Metering

Buildings having approved demand greater than 75 kVA shall have the electrical distribution system with their energy metering as under:‐ (a). Voltmeter and current meter (b). Maximum Demand Indicator (kVA) meter (c). kW meter (d). kWh meter (e). Total Power factor meter

8.2.5 Power Distribution Systems

The power cables should be manufactured as per IEC standards 60502‐1, the power cabling shall be sized so that the distribution losses do not exceed 2% from Main LT panel to last point/outlet.


8.2.5.1 Renewable Energy Systems

All buildings shall have provisions for installation of renewable energy systems in the future on rooftops or on sides

8.2.5.2 Solar Zone A dedicated solar zone equivalent to at least 10% of roof area or area required in the future for generation of energy equivalent to 1% of total peak demand or connected load of the building, whichever is less shall be provided in all buildings. The solar zone shall be free of any obstructions within its boundaries and from shadows cast by objects adjacent to the zone.

8.2.5.3 Main Electrical Service Panel Minimum rating shall be displayed on the main electrical service panel. Space shall be reserved for the installation of a double circuit breaker for a future solar electric installation.

8.2.5.4 Demarcation of Documents Following information shall be indicated in design and construction documents:‐ (a). Location of inventers and metering equipment (b). Pathway for routing of conduit from the solar zone to the point

of interconnection with the electrical service (c). Routing of plumbing from the solar zone to the water‐heating

system and structural design loads for roof dead and live loads

8.2.6 Diesel Generator Sets

Diesel Generator (DG) Sets be installed to cater for essential / partial / full load of the building as per requirement of each building in case of Main power supply failure.

8.2.6.1 Sizing of DG Sets The DG sets to be sized properly by preparing load profile for summer and winter on peak hour load (kW) and off peak load (kW), right percentage of diversity factor should be applied. No generator should be loaded less than 40% and more than 80% of its rated capacity. Two or more generator can be installed dually synchronized to cater for peak/off peak loads of summer/winter.

8.2.6.2 Efficiency (a). Thermal Efficiency. Engine should have at least 40% thermal

efficiency (b). Electrical Efficiency. The alternator should not be less than

95% efficient

8.2.6.3 Improvement of thermal efficiency Measures to increase thermal efficiency from 40% to 60% are:‐ (a). Use of Turbochargers

(b). Fuel additives must be added with fuel during operation (c). Use of electronic fuel governors and electronic fuel injectors


(d). After Cooler Devices should be installed for DG sets above 200 kVA

8.2.6.4 Hybrid System Diesel generator should be integrated with alternate energy sources i.e., wind/solar power on common bus bar with WAPDA power supply in case of WAPDA failure it will reduce load on generator resulting saving fuel when alternate energy source is available.

8.3 Compliance Documents


implementation.


SECTION – IX

9. Definitions, Abbreviations & Acronyms

9.1 General

Certain terms, abbreviations and acronyms are defined in this section for the

purposes of this standard. These definitions are applicable to all sections of this

code. Terms that are not defined shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings

within the context in which they are used. Ordinarily accepted meanings shall

be based upon American Standard English language usage as documented in

an unabridged dictionary accepted by the adopting authority.

9.2 Definitions

Addition: An extension or increase in floor area or height of a building outside of

the existing building envelope.

Alteration: Any replacement, change, rearrangement, or addition to a building or its systems and equipment; any modification in construction or building

equipment; maintenance, repair or change in the building usage shall not

constitute an alteration.

Area: see roof and wall, conditioned floor, day lighted, façade, fenestration and lighted floor.

Authority having jurisdiction: the agency or agent responsible for enforcing this code.

Astronomical Time Switch: An automatic time switch that makes an adjustment for the length of the day as it varies over the year.

Automatic: self‐acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some

non‐manual influence, such as a change in current strength, pressure, temperature

or mechanical intervention.

Balancing, air system: adjusting airflows rates through air distribution system

devices, such as fans and diffusers, by manually adjusting the position of dampers,

splitters vanes, extractors, etc., or by using automatic control devices, such as

constant air volume or variable air volume boxes.

Balancing, hydronic system: adjusting water flow rates through hydronic

distribution system devices, such as pumps and coils, by manually adjusting the

position valves or by using automatic control devices, such as automatic flow

control valves.


Ballast: a device used in conjunction with an electric‐discharge lamp to cause the

lamp to start and operate under proper circuit conditions of voltage, current,

waveform, electrode heat, etc.

Boiler: a self‐contained low‐pressure appliance for supplying steam or hot water.

Boiler, packaged: a boiler that is shipped complete with heating equipment,

mechanical draft equipment and automatic controls usually shipped in one or

more sections. A packed boiler includes factory‐built boilers manufactured as a

unit or system is disassembled for shipment and reassembled at the site.

Building: a structure wholly or partially enclosed within exterior walls or within

exterior and party walls and a roof affording shelter to persons, animals or

property.

Building, existing: a building or portion thereof that was previously occupied or

approved for occupancy by the authority having jurisdiction.

Building complex: a group of buildings in a contagious area under single ownership.

Building entrance: any doorway set of doors, turnstiles or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access to the building by its users and occupants.

Building envelope: the exterior plus the semi‐exterior portions of a building.

For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the

classifications are defined as follows:‐

(a). Building envelope, exterior: the elements of a building that separate

conditioned spaces from the exterior.

(b). Building envelope, semi‐exterior: the elements of a building that

separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or that encloses

semi‐ heated spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred

to or from the exterior or to or from unconditioned spaces or to or from

conditioned spaces.

Building exit: any doorway set of doors or other form of portal that is ordinarily used only for emergency or convenience exit.

Building grounds lighting: lighting provided through a building’s electrical

service for parking lot, site, and roadway pedestrian pathway loading dock and

security applications.


Building material: any element of the building envelope through which heat

flows and the heat is included in the component U‐factor calculations other than

air films and insulation.

Circuit breaker: a device designed to open and close a circuit by non‐automatic

means and to open the circuit automatically at a predetermined over‐current

without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.

Class of construction: for the building envelope, a subcategory of roof wall floor slab‐on‐grade floor, opaque door, vertical fenestration or skylight.

Coefficient of Performance (COP) – cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat

delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units for a complete

refrigeration.

Coefficient of Performance (COP) – heating: the ratio of the rate of heat

delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat

pump system including the compressor and if applicable, auxiliary heat, under

designed operating conditions.

Commercial building: all buildings except for the multi‐family building of three stories of fewer above grade and single family buildings.

Construction documents: drawings and specifications used to construct a building, building systems or portions thereof.

Control: to regulate the operation of equipment.

Control device: a specialized device used to regulate the operation of equipment.

Cool roof: a property of a surface that describes its ability to reflect and reject heat. Cool roof surfaces have both a light color (high solar reflectance) and a high

emittance (can reject heat back to the environment).

Vertical fenestration: all fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall

assemblies where glazing installed within 12 inch (30 mm) of a mass wall are

considered walls not fenestration.

Dead band: the range of values within which a sensed variable can vary without initiating a change in the controlled process.

Demand: the highest amount of power (average Btu/h over an interval) recorded for a building or facility in a selected time frame.


Design capacity: specified environmental conditions such as temperature and

light intensity, required to be produced and maintained by a system and under

which the system must operate.

Distribution system: conveying means, such as ducts, pipes and wires to bring

substances or energy from a source to the point of use. The distribution system

includes such auxiliary equipment as fans, pumps and transformers.

Door: all operable opening areas (which are not fenestration) in the building

envelope, including swinging and roll‐up doors, fire doors and access hatches.

Doors that are more than one‐half glass are considered fenestration. For the

purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are

defined as follows:‐

(a). Non‐Swinging: roll‐up sliding and all other doors that are not swinging

doors.

(b). Swinging: all operable opaque panels with hinges on one side and

opaque revolving doors.

Door area: total area of the door measurable using the rough opening and including the door slab and the frame.

Dwelling unit: a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for

one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating,

coking and sanitation.

Economizer, air: a duct and damper arrangement and automatic control

system that together allow a cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or

eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.

Economizer, water: a system by which the supply air of a cooling system is

cooled indirectly with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the

environment without the use of mechanical cooling.

Efficacy: the lumens produced by a lamp/ballast system divided by the total watts of input power (including the ballast), expressed in lumens per watt.

Emittance: the ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a specimen to that emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature and under the same conditions.

Enclosed building: a building that is totally enclosed by walls, floors roofs and open able devices such as doors and operable windows.


Energy: the capacity for doing work. It takes a number of forms that may be

transformed from one into another such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work),

electrical and chemical. Customary measurement units are kilojoules (kJ) or British

thermal units (Btu) in this document.

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): the ratio of net cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under designated operating conditions.

Energy Factor (EF): a measure of water heater overall efficiency.

Equipment: devices for comfort conditioning, electric power, lighting, transportation or service water heating including but not limited to furnaces

boilers air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, water heaters, lamps, luminaries,

ballasts, elevators, escalators or other devices or installations.

Existing equipment: equipment previously installed in an existing building.

Façade area: area of the façade, including overhanging soffits, cornices and

protruding columns measured in elevation in a vertical plane, parallel to the plane

of the face of the building. Non‐horizontal roof surfaces shall be included in the

calculations of vertical façade area by measuring the area in a plane parallel to the

surface.

Fan System power: the sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate

horsepower) of motors of all fans that are required to operate at design conditions

to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and

return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.

Fenestration: all areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in

light including windows, plastic panels, clerestories, skylights, glass doors that are

more than one half glass and glass block walls:‐

(a). Skylight: a fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees

from the horizontal plane. Other fenestration, even if mounted on the

roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration.

(b). Vertical fenestration: all fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall

assemblies, where glazing is installed within 12 in of a mass wall are

considered walls, not fenestration.

Fenestration area: total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening and including the glazing, sash and frame. For doors where the glazed

vision area is less than 50% of the door area, the fenestration area is the glazed

vision area. For all other doors, the fenestration area is the door area.


Floor area gross: the sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building including basements, mezzanine, mezzanine and intermediate‐floored tiers and

penthouses with headroom height of 7.5 ft or greater. It is measured from the

exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating buildings,

but excluding covered walkways, open roofed over areas, porches and similar

spaces, pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs and

similar features.

Gross building envelope floor area: the gross floor area of the building

envelope, but excluding slab‐on‐grade floors. Gross conditioned floor area: the gross floor area

of conditioned spaces. Gross lighted floor area: the gross floor area of lighted spaces. Gross semi‐heated floor area: the gross floor area of semi heated spaces.

Flue damper: a device in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the

draft control device of an individual, automatically operated, fossil fuel‐fired

appliance that is designed to automatically open the flue outlet during appliance

operation and to automatically close the flue outlet when then appliance is in

standby condition.

Fuel: a material that may be used to produce heat or generate power by combustion.

Grade: the finished ground level adjoining a building at all exterior walls.

Guest room: any room or rooms used or intended to be used by a guest for sleeping purposes.

Heat capacity: the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a

given mass 1 o

F. Numerically, the heat capacity per unit area of surface (Btu/ft2‐

oF) is the sum of the products of the mass per unit area of each individual material

in the roof, wall or floor surface multiplied by its individual specific heat.

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF): the total heating output of

a heat pump during its normal annual usage for heating (in Btu) divided by the

total electric energy input during the same period.

Historic: a building or space that has been specifically designed as historically significant.

HVAC system: the equipment, distribution systems and terminals that provide

either collectively or individually, the processes of heating, ventilating or air

conditioning to a building or portion of a building.


(b).

(c).

(d).

(a).

Infiltration: the uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and crevices in

any building element and around windows and doors of a building caused by

pressure differences across these elements due to factors such as wind, inside and

outside temperature differences (stack effect) and imbalance between supply and

exhaust air systems.

Installed Interior lighting power: the power in watts of all permanently installed general task and furniture systems and luminaries.

Integrated part‐load value (IPLV): a single number figure of merit based on

part‐load EER, COP or KW/ton expressing part‐load efficiency for air‐conditioning

and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load

capacities for the equipment.

Kilovolt‐ampere (kVA): where the term kilovolt‐ampere (kVA) is used in this

code, it is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system

voltage (kilovolts) times 1.732 for three‐phase currents. For single‐phase

applications, kVA is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal

voltage (kilovolts).

Kilowatt (kW): the basic unit of electric power, equal to 1000 W.

Labeled: equipment or materials to which a symbol or other identifying mark has

been attached by the manufacturer indicating compliance with specified standard

or performance in a specified manner.

Lamp: a generic term for man‐made light source often called bulb or tube. Generally following types are used:‐

(a). Compact fluorescent lamp

(b). Fluorescent lamp

(c). General Service lamp

(d). High‐intensity discharge (HID) lamp

(e). Incandescent lamp

(f). Reflector lamp

Lighted floor area, gross: the gross floor area of lighted spaces.

Lighting, decorative: lighting that is purely ornamental and installed for aesthetic effect. Decorative lighting shall not include general lighting.

Lighting, emergency: lighting that provides illumination only when there is a general lighting failure.


Lighting, general: lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of

illumination throughout an area. General lighting shall not include decorative

lighting or lighting that provides a dissimilar level of illumination to serve a

specialized application or feature within such area.

Lighting Efficacy (LE): the quotient of the total lumens emitted from a lamp or

lamp/ballast combination divided by the watts of input power, expressed in

lumens per watt.

Lighting system: a group of luminaries circuited or controlled to perform a specific function.

Lighting power allowance:

(a). Interior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts

allowed for the interior of a building.

(b). Exterior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts

allowed for the exterior of a building.

Lighting Power Density (LPD): the maximum lighting power per unit of area

of a building classification of space function.

Low‐rise residential: single‐family houses, multi‐family structures of three

stories or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes) and

manufactured houses (modular).

Luminaire: a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with

the housing designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps and

connect the lamps to the power supply.

Manual (non‐automatic): requiring personal intervention for control. Non‐

automatic does not necessarily imply a manual controller only that personal

intervention is necessary.

Manufacturer: the company engaged in the original production and assembly

of products or equipment or a company that purchases such products and

equipment manufactured in accordance with company specifications.

Mean temperature: one‐half the sum of the minimum daily temperature and maximum daily temperature.

Mechanical cooling: reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression, absorption, desiccant dehumidification combine with evaporative


cooling or another energy‐driven thermodynamic cycle. Indirect or direct

evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.

Metering: Instruments that measure electric voltage, current, power etc.

Multifamily high‐rise: multifamily structures of four or more stories above grade.

Multifamily low‐rise: multifamily structures of three or less stories above grade.

Multiplication factor (M): indicates the relative reduction in annual solar

cooling load from overhangs and/or side fins with given projection factors, relative

to the respective horizontal and vertical fenestration dimensions.

Non‐automatic: see manual

Occupant sensor: a device that detects the presence or absence of people

within an area and causes lighting, equipment or appliances to be regulated

accordingly.

Opaque: all areas in the building envelope, except fenestration and building service openings such as vents and grills.

Orientation: the direction an envelope element faces, i.e., the direction of a

vector perpendicular to and pointing away from the surface outside of the

element. For vertical fenestration, the two categories are North‐ oriented and all

other.

Outdoor (outside) air: air that is outside the building envelope or is taken

from outside the building that has not been previously circulated through the

building.

Overcurrent: any current in excess of the rated current of the equipment of the

ampacity of the conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit or ground

fault.

Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC): a factory‐selected

wall sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and cooling

components, assemblies or sections. It may include, heating capability by hot

water, steam or electricity and is intended for mounting through the wall to

service a single room or zone.


Party wall: a firewall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between two buildings.

Permanently installed: equipment that is fixed in place and is not portable or

movable.

Plenum: a compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected,

that forms a part of the air distribution system and that is not used for occupancy

or storage. A plenum often is formed in part or in total by portions of the building.

Pool: any structure, basin or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving or recreational bathing. The terms include, but not limited to

swimming pool, whirlpool, spa, hot tub.

Process load: the load on a building resulting from the consumption or release of process energy

Projection factor: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading

projection divided by the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance

from the top of the fenestration to the bottom of the farthest point of the external

shading projection in consistent units.

Projection factor, sidefin: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading projection divided by the distance from the window jamb to the farthest

point of the external shading projection, in consistent units.

Rated R‐value of insulation: the thermal resistance of the insulation alone as

specified by the manufacturer in units of h‐ft2 oF/Btu at a mean temperature of

75oF. Rated R‐value refers to the thermal resistance of the added insulation in

framing cavities or insulated sheathing only and does not include the thermal

resistance of other building materials or air films (see thermal resistance).

Readily accessible: Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal

or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to

climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, chairs etc. In

public facilities, accessibilities may be limited to certified personnel through

locking covers or by placing equipment in locked rooms.

Recirculating system: a domestic or service hot water distribution system that

includes a close circulation circuit designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot

water pipes near terminal devices (e.g., lavatory faucets, shower heads) in order to

reduce the time required to obtain hot water when the terminal device


valve is opened. The motive force for circulation is either natural (due to water

density variations with temperature) or mechanical (recirculation pump).

Reflectance: the ratio of the light reflected by a surface to the light incident upon it.

Resistance, electric: the property of an electric circuit or of any object used as

part of an electric circuit that determines for a given circuit the rate at which

electric energy is converted into heat or radiant energy and that has a value such

that the product of the resistance and the square of the current gives the rate of

conversion of energy.

Reset: automatic adjustment of the controller set point to a higher or lower value.

Residential: spaces in building used primarily for living and sleeping. Residential

spaces include but are not limited to dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms,

dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in hospitals. Lodging houses,

fraternity/sorority houses, hostels, prisons and fire stations.

Roof: the upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and

fenestration that is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60o from horizontal.

Roof area, gross: the area of the roof measured from the exterior faces of walls

or from the centerline of party walls.

Service: the equipment for delivering energy from the supply or distribution system to the premises served.

Service Water Heating: heating water for domestic or commercial purposes other than space heating and process requirements.

Set Point: point at which the desired temperature (oF) of the heated or cooled space is set.

Shading Coefficient (SC): the ratio of solar heat gain at normal incidence

through glazing to that occurring through 1/8 in thick clear, double‐strength glass.

Shading coefficient as used herein, does not include interior, exterior or integral

shading devices.

Simulation program: a computer program that is capable of simulating the energy performance of building systems.

Single‐zone system: an HVAC system serving a single HVAC zone.


Site‐recovered energy: waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies.

Slab‐on‐grade floor: that portion of slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with the ground and that is either above grade or is less than or equal to

24 in below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.

Solar energy source: source of thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar radiation at the building site.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): the ratio of the solar heat gain entering

the space through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat

gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is

then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.

Space: an enclosed space within a building. The classifications of spaces are as follows for the purpose of determining building envelope requirements:‐

(a). Conditioned space: a cooled space, heated space or directly

conditioned space.

(b). Semi‐heated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated

by a heating system whose output capacity is greater or equal to 3.4

Btu/h‐ ft2 of floor area but is not a conditioned space.

(c). Unconditioned space: an enclosed space within a building that is not

conditioned space or a semi‐heated space. Crawlspaces, attics and

parking garages with natural or mechanical ventilation are not

considered enclosed spaces.

Storey: portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher finished floor level or the roof, provided, however that a basement or cellar

shall not be considered a story.

System: a combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls,

accessories, interconnecting means and terminal elements) by which energy is

transformed so it performs a specific function such as HVAC service water heating

or lighting.

System, existing: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building.

Terminal: a device by which energy from a system is delivered, e.g., registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc.


Thermal block: a collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for

simulation purposes. Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a

single thermal block.

U‐Factor (Thermal Transmittance): heat transmission in unit time through

unit area of a material or construction and the boundary air films, induced by unit

temperature difference between the environments on each side. Units of U are

Btu/h‐ft2‐o

F or Watts/ (m2‐o

C).

Thermostat:an automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set point.

Tinted (as applied to fenestration): Bronze, green, or grey coloring that is

integral with the glazing material. Tinting does not include surface applied films

such as reflective coatings, applied either in the field or during the manufacturing

process.

Transformer: a piece of electrical equipment used to convert electric power from one voltage to another voltage.

(a). Dry‐type transformer: a transformer in which the core and coils are in a

gaseous or dry compound.

(b). Liquid‐immersed transformer: a transformer in which the core and coils are

immersed in an insulating liquid.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) system: HVAC system that controls the dry‐bulb

temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled

supply air to the space.

Vent damper: a device intended for installation in the venting system or an

individual, automatically operated, fossil fuel‐fired application in the outlet or

downstream of the appliance draft control device, which is designed to

automatically open the venting system when the appliance is in operation and to

automatically close off the venting system when the appliance is in standby or

shutdown condition.

Ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air is not required to have been conditioned.

Wall: that portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and

fenestration that is vertical or tilted at an angle of 60o from horizontal or greater.

This includes above and below‐grade walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral


edges of floors and foundation walls. For the purpose of determining building

envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows:‐

(a). above‐grade wall: a wall that is not below grade wall.

(b). below‐grade wall: that portion of a wall in the building envelope that is

entirely below the finish grade and is in contact with the ground.

Wall area, gross: the overall area off a wall including openings such as windows

and doors measured horizontally from outside surface to outside service and

measured vertically from the top of the floor to the top of the roof. The gross wall

area includes the area between the ceiling and the floor for multi‐story buildings.

Water heater: vessel in which water is heated and is withdrawn for use external to the system.

Zone, HVAC: A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and

cooling requirements that is sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g.,

temperature) can be maintained throughout using a single sensor (e.g., thermostat

or temperature sensor).

9.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms

AFUE Annual fuel utilization efficiency

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ARI Air‐Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Inc.

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

Btu British thermal unit

Btu/h British thermal unit per hour

Btu/ft2 – oF British thermal unit per square foot per degree Fahrenheit oC Celsius

cfm cubic feet per minute

cm centimeter

COB Chip on Board

COP Coefficient of performance

EER Energy Efficiency Ratio

oF Fahrenheit

ft Foot

h Hour

HC Heat Capacity

h‐ft2‐oF/Btu Hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit per British thermal

h‐m2‐oC/W unit

Hour per square meter per degree Celsius per Watt

hp Horsepower (746 W)

HSPF Heating Seasonal Performance Factor


HVAC I‐P in IPLV J kJ kVA kW kWh LE LED lin ft lin m lm LPD

Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning inch‐pound inch Integrated Part‐Load Value Joule kilo Joule kilovolt‐ampere kilowatt (Power) kilowatt‐hour (Energy) lighting efficiency Light Emitting Diode linear foot linear meter lumen lighting power density

m meter mmmillimeter NAECA NEECA PCATP PEC PEECA PTAC R SC SMD SHGC SL U

National Appliance Energy Conservation Act National Energy Efficiency & Conservation Authority Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners Pakistan Engineering Council Punjab Energy Efficiency & Conservation Agency packaged terminal air conditioner R‐value (thermal resistance) shading coefficient Surface Mounted Device solar heat gain coefficient standby loss U‐value (Insulation value of window)

W watt W/ft2

W/m2 W/m2‐K W/m‐K Wh

watts per square feet watts per square meter watts per square meter per degree Kelvin watts per linear meter per degree Kelvin watt‐hour
