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Predicting keen and eagerness of users to new emerging application

on a cloud platforms and enhancing passive defense reliability on

such networks via Kalman filtering with a relationship to recursive

Bayesian estimation

Jalal Nakhaei1*, Mehdi Darbandi

2

Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University; Tehran, Iran

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Iran University of Science and Technology

(IUST); Tehran, Iran

(*Corresponding Author: Jalal Nakhaei)

Abstract Before the invention of computers if you want tofind and use special information about something, you should

physically go to libraries and if youre luck and found yourinterested textbooks, you can find out something about that

subject, this method has several negative points, such as, itconsumes more of your time and your energy and even you

may find nothing. But with the advent of computers and use ofelectronic versions of books and magazines you can find about

your interested topic in a jiffy. Even with use of social andcommunicational networks such as Cloud Computing you

can read other suggestions and opinions about your interested

topic, even you can establish new workgroup through such

networks and work on a specific project simultaneously from

anywhere. Information Technology (IT) world which isbecame one of the vial necessities in current era, face with lots

of revolutions and fundamental changes through this century.

According to these changes, necessity to security of

information, fast and agility in processing, dynamic accessing,has improved. Only concern of users and organizations is

about security of information on cloud computing resources.

For satisfying such important concern, all scientists and

organizations all over the world do their bests to release newstandards and also develop other standards about accessing to

the information and using of them. The only purpose of all

research papers and standards is to increase the security levelof cloud computing. In each paper, each researcher introducesnew methods in intensifying security of such networks. They

applying evolutionary algorithms or using track and trace

methods or even using intelligence methods for detecting and

eliminating hazardous actions. Some of them have several

positive points and some of them are not practical at all. In

this paper, at first we tell about cloud computing we

define it completely and discuss about all aspects of this

new generation of internet after that when we

understand about all of its concepts, a brief review about

different uses of cloud computing on different industries

and technologies were present. In the next section by the

knowing of whole concepts and key features of this

network and also by knowing the critical uses of this

network on different industries we introduce KalmanFilter with relationship to recursive Bayesian estimation;

which can be used for estimation and prediction of

different parameters in such network. For example, we

can use this for estimation and prediction about

permeating of hackers or for predicting the amount of

users that will use special part of our network in a

particular period of time or by tracking and tracing the

packets or even users. By performing such activities

were able to eliminate malicious and spyware

treatments from the beginning points of our network.

Keywords- Computer era, Cloud computing,evolutionary algorithms, Kalman filtering.

I.

INTRODUCTIONToday all peoples all around the world hear the Cloud

Computing term several times, but only few peoples

comprehend what it means and what features does it

has. One general description about Cloud Computing

is: it provides comprehensive processing and storage

power without any restrictions according to network

demand. In fact if you use one software that is

provided by the web software supporters such as

Amazon, Google and other well-known companies

you use Cloud Computing. Today, most of the

applications that are presented use cloud computing

powers directly or indirectly, as such applications we

can tell about Dropbox, Google Docs. When youconnect and use one of these services, in fact you use

the power of some gigantic servers that are shared for

use. In fact, Cloud Computing technology was existing

for several years, but we dont pay enough attention to

it and the services that it provides. This technology,

paves the way for migrating from old and huge

datacenters into new generation of data-processors and

data-storages. The reason for using Cloud in the

term of Cloud Computing is because of its

architecture, because we dont have any information

about its architecture or its location and amount of

powers. With use of Cloud Computing, we can access

to all of information and processes that we wants,without using of special peripheral devices. The best

example for this feature is Dropbox, which enable

users all around the world to access their information

without any limitations. For example, suppose you are

a business man and all the times you are in travel and

you cant use traditional servers, because you wants to

constantly check your accounts or check the status of

your offices and buys and/or sells. But by the means of

JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 4, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2012, ISSN (Online) 2151-9617

https://sites.google.com/site/journalofcomputing

WWW.JOURNALOFCOMPUTING.ORG 16

2012 Journal of Computing Press, NY, USA, ISSN 2151-9617


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Cloud Computing, without any restrictions just with

having one broadband internet connection, you can

check all of your necessities even from your smart

phone. The reason for using cloud computing is, all the

data and information are in the web and all the time we

connect to it and use the information or data that we

wants, but if someone wants to connect to it through

his/her smart mobile phone and his/her mobile phone

didnt has enough processing and storage power, thenwhat he/she should done? The answer of this question

led us to new generation of communicational and

computational networks which is known as Cloud

Computing. In cloud computing there isnt any

obligation in updating your software or hardware

according to progress of this technology in daily

industries. Only you should have one device that

allowed you to connect to internet after that with the

use of powers which provided by the servers that are

located in clouds you can use all of the software or do

anything that you want. As an example, suppose you

are a university student and you should present a new

presentation in your university but you forget to bringyour laptop with yourself, so your presentation will

cancel and all of your researches and studies were loss;

but suppose youre one of the Cloud Computing users,

if you forgot to bring your laptop with yourself you

connect to your account through your mobile phone or

your friends laptop, and through your account you

access to your information about your presentation;

even if you prefer your presentation files several days

ago before your presentation you can use Cloud

Computing to share your project files and ask other

people around the world to develop your project by the

means of their ideas.

Also, another prominent feature of cloud computing is,if you use traditional systems and servers if your

systems are crashed or they faced with some problems,

your data were lost; but if you use cloud computing as

your host or platform of your networks you has very

reliable and secure space of working. Because, even if

your systems are crash, your data arent lost, because

your data are saved and storage in clouds. Also,

according to the latest news which are released from

Amazon Company, service providers of cloud

computing are using double servers, one as an active

server and the other as passive server. Therefore, this

feature ensures you about locating of your information

on cloud resources. Because even if, one server face

with any problem such as crashing or hacking, other

servers can satisfy your needs. So, in these days,

because of users rarely get backup from their

information maybe they dont have enough storage

capacity or they didnt pay enough attention to this

important parameter this feature is very important

feature for all of the users.

Another important feature of such network is remote

accessing. Consider you are one of the staff of a big

company, and you want to access to your work profiles

from your home or even you are in the mission and

you need to access your profile. Just with use of cloud

computing you can provide such feature and ability for

all of your employees. Even they can become in some

working groups and then each group works on a

definite and special projects. With use of cloudcomputing they can do such tasks very easily and

without any problem, because in such networks the

distance dimension doesnt has enough impact of the

workability of group. Because workers can connect to

their profile whenever and from every place that they

are. They work simultaneously on projects and see all

modifications that are made by other users at the same

time.

Another important function of this network is its

updated software and hardware and everything that

you need. Thats because of the kernel of these

networks are on the internet. And all the software and

applications that you use in your system are becameupdated all the time. So these features increment your

security and viability.

Because, organizations and users when migrate to

cloud computing platforms use the resources and

powers that provide by cloud computing you didnt

need to update your system hardware and software.

They updated all the time and simultaneously without

any more charges or restrictions. This feature is

gigantic and impressive feature for all of the users of

computers and servers, because updating software or

hardware of the system cause additional charges for

traditional system users. But suppose you use cloud

platforms as your system power providers, without anylimitations, even with your pocket PC or you mobile

smart phone, you can connect to these networks and

use even the power of supercomputers. For example,

Mathwork MATLAB Corp. design new version of

their MATLAB software based on cloud resources,

with this prominent feature users can connect to such

networks with their mobile phones, and use the

features that are need high processing power, in these

days we cant easily access to kind of mobile phones

that are provide such power and even if you find such

mobile phone it has very invaluable price and most of

the users cant afford such high costs, in addition, by

the updating of such software form their

manufacturers, you should update the processing and

storage power of your phone or pocket PC, and most

of the users cannot afford such huge amount of

moneys. But with use of new generation of

communicational and computational networks, you

can login to your account in cloud computing without

any limitation, you didnt need pay additional charges

for updating your software or hardware platform, just






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you login to your profile you access to the latest

versions of software and hardware. This important

parameter is very useful and reliable feature. Suppose

youre an engineer that need to access the latest

version of special software that you want, by the

means of cloud computing, you can access to this

important feature without any additional charges. This

feature is so prominent for organizations or users who

are need the latest versions of Antivirus and secure-provider software, because of their works they need

more and reliable protection over their systems. With

use of cloud computing they have this important

feature.

The law requires certainty and although cloud

providers usually present comprehensive contract

terms of service, many terms and conditions include

wide-ranging disclaimers of liability. Also, they may

not provide a warranty that the service will operate as

described, or indeed at all. It is likely that as the cloud

market expands and matures, terms of service will

evolve to more closely represent what institutions

require and how the law operates. In the mean time,the following points may be useful to bear in mind

when examining cloud computing terms and

conditions:

Many cloud services are offered under the laws ofUS states and subject to terms that purport to

restrict legal disputes to the courts of those states.

Clearly entering into a contract that is governed by

the relevant UK legal system will simplify

obtaining advice and provide for more local

resolution of disputes.

When planning to use a cloud-based solution forbackup of important data, particular note should betaken of terms by which a cloud provider advises

or requires customers separately to backup data

placed on their cloud service (in other words,

where the proposed backup solution itself

disclaims responsibility for being a reliable

backup).

Many cloud providers will seek to exclude, as faras possible under the legal system applying to the

contract, any warranty of service or acceptance of

liability. Such liability as cannot be disclaimed

altogether will typically be strictly limited.

Where the institution has contractually committedto safeguard licensed educational resources, forexample, it will be necessary to obtain warranties

from cloud providers that host these resources on

their behalf. The service provider should provide

assurances that best efforts will be made to prevent

access by unlicensed users and to prevent any

unauthorised usage of the licensed resources.

The responsibility to bind users to acceptable use

remains for IT directors even when learners are not

strictly using the institutions infrastructure to interact

and to publish information. Responsibilities such as

the prevention of bullying by means of the institutions

technology systems will continue to be addressed with

terms of acceptable use for users. In many cases, the

cloud infrastructure will be invisible to learners and

where learners sign up to external cloud providers onthe instruction of the institution, it will be necessary to

ensure that they agree to use the service responsibility

with the sanction that service can be withdrawn by the

institution. As a JANET User Organisation the

institution is bound by the JANET Acceptable Use

Policy which defines acceptable and unacceptable use.

The agreement requires the User Organisation to

bind users to acceptable use by means of terms and

conditions. While users may increasingly be using

computing infrastructure that is cloud based, it is

apparent that acceptable use of institution provided

facilities must still be regulated by means of terms and

conditions that bind the user.The Computer Misuse Act 1990 (CMA) criminalises

unauthorised access to any program or data held on a

computer. Clearly this extends to unauthorised access

to information that a cloud provider hosts on behalf of

the institution. For IT professionals the security

hierarchy has to be extended to embrace cloud based

activities as well as interaction with cloud hosted data.

At the operational level, what is acceptable use

should be strictly enforced and a culture of legal use

predominant.

There are three distinct types of information which law

enforcement agencies may require an FE or HE

institution to disclose:

Communications data - information associated withbut not including the actual content of a

communication. Includes email addresses and

telephone numbers (sender and recipient). An

itemised telephone bill is a good example

Keys to access protected or encrypted information -most likely information recovered by an

interception but which is encoded

Content - e.g. the actual content of a message sentby email, or a telephone conversation.

These obligations remain for FE and HE institutions

irrespective of the type of infrastructure being used,cloud or otherwise.

By far the most common request made by the police is

to identify an individual user or to provide information

about their online activity. Information about

communications and the individuals who made them

(e.g. the identity of users of a particular email or IP

address, when they logged in and to whom they sent e-

mails), but not including the content of any files or






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between the institution and the cloud provider in order

to ensure compliance with the DPA.

One issue to be re-examined, for example, is the

matter of retention schedules. Your institution is

likely to have committed to and have in place practices

and procedures for records handling to enable disposal

and retention as required by various legal obligations.

How these retention schedules are complied with when

the data is hosted and processed remotely needs to beclarified.

Cloud providers are likely to store and move data

around multiple servers situated in a number of

jurisdictions which may very likely be outside the

European Economic Area (EEA). This can be a

breach of the Data Protection Act 1998 by the

institution unless there are adequate security measures

in place for personal data. Compliance may be

achieved if EU approved contract terms are used with

a cloud provider. Alternatively, if using a US based

cloud provider, ensuring that they are signed up to the

Safe Harbour provisions will be necessary.

The probability of the occurrence of serious data lossmay not be very high but should a loss occur the

impact on the institution is likely to be significant.

Dealing with the regulatory authorities is one aspect in

addition to restoring the confidence of staff and

learners in the ability of the institution to managing the

privacy and security of personal information.

One main reason for using cloud computing is to

enable the institution to use the cloud technology to

process information and thus generate outputs. In

doing so the institution may also generate know how

or trade secrets, which are not set out in any particular

information output but reside in the data structures or

processes which the institution establishes through itsuse of the cloud.

The cloud provider too, will be generating information

of various different types. Cloud providers will collect

information about the operation of their systems and

service for management purposes. Some of this

information will consist of know how or trade secrets

belonging to the service provider.

II. EVALUATING MICROSOFT PROGRAMSABOUT FUTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING

As computers and the Internet play an increasinglyimportant part in peoples livesat work, at school,

and at homemaking technology accessible to people

with a wide range of abilities is an imperative.

Accessible technology makes it easier for people with

visual, dexterity, cognitive and speech needs to use

computers and other devices to communicate and

share information, access government services, and

secure and retain employment.

According to the United Nations Convention on

Persons with Disabilities, disability affects between 15

percent and 20 percent of the population in every

country worldwide, and the incidence of disability in

industrialized nations is increasing as their populations

get older. A Forrester Research Inc. study

commissioned by Microsoft found that 57 percent of

working-age computer users (1864 years old) would

likely benefit from accessible technology because ofdifficulties and impairments that affect their computer

use. As the population continues to age, the number of

computer users in the 6574 age range will increase

significantly, as will the number of people who would

benefit from accessible technology.

For more than 25 years, Microsoft has been at the

forefront of efforts to make computers and the Internet

more accessible. These efforts include:

Building accessibility options into Windows andother Microsoft products that let users personalize

the computer display, mouse, keyboard, sound, and

speech options. Working with AT companies to facilitate the

creation of software and hardware products such as

screen readers, magnifiers, and specialty keyboards

that enable individuals with significant vision,

hearing, dexterity, language or learning needs to

use computers.

Creating developer technologies and tools thatmake it easier to build AT products and accessible

applications that interoperate and work well

together.

Today, a vibrant worldwide ecosystem of accessible

technology tools, technologies, and solutions ishelping enable and empower millions of people of all

ages and abilities. However, as the technology

landscape continues to evolve, so too must the

building blocks that support this accessible technology

ecosystem.

Of particular significance is the rise of cloud

computing, which encompasses a major shift in how

technology will be used in the years ahead and what

people and organizations can do with it. In the simplest

terms, cloud computing represents the convergence of

smart Internet-connected devices, innovative software

applications, and data storage and services hosted on

the Internet. This convergence of hosted data storageand services, applications, and devices is sometimes

referred to as three screens and a cloud. (The three

screens being laptop or desktop computers,

smartphones, and TVs.)

Advances in client-based operating systems like

Windows 7 and applications like Microsoft Office

2010 are powering many of these devices with more

intuitive user interfaces and the ability to perform

increasingly complex computing functions, such as






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data visualization and real-time simulation of 3D

environments. At the same time, development of large

data centers capable of storing huge volumes of data

and hosting a rapidly expanding universe of online

applications and services is opening new realms of

communication, collaboration, commerce, learning,

and entertainment. Microsoft Office 365, the cloud-

based version of Microsoft Office, utilizes the power

of these online capabilities to simplify sharing,collaboration and storage of Office documents,

spreadsheets and presentations. Microsoft also offers

many other online services, solutions, and platforms

that are enabling individuals, businesses, and

governments to take advantage of the convenience and

flexibility of the cloud. For individuals, the cloud has

the potential to offer seamless, on-demand access to

content, social networks, and online services across a

range of devices. For organizations, the cloud offers

the ability to dynamically scale IT capacity depending

on evolving needs, better manage spending on IT

infrastructure, and concentrate more resources on core

business functions.As these shifts pick up steam, Microsoft believes it is

important to expand the vision of an accessible

computing ecosystem to encompass technologies,

tools, products, and services that enable all people to

benefit from the cloud and to more easily control the

devices around them to live a more independent life.

As a starting point, people will always need a smart

client device with built-in accessibility capabilities to

serve as a gateway to the cloud and to perform tasks

offline or when no Internet access is available. When

browsing the Internet, accessing social networking

sites, or tapping into cloud services, users will use

applications or a web browser such as InternetExplorer to access and retrieve information. These

devices also enable individuals who may require AT

applications or specialty computing hardware that

enables text to be read, video to be captioned, or that

facilitates hands-free entry of information.

Over time, we envision a world of accessible, cloud-

connected devices powered by Microsoft technologies

that an individual can rely on to understand and

interpret their needs, preferences, and immediate

surroundings to create an adaptive experience. In

combination with reliable broadband connectivity and

the virtually unlimited computing power of the cloud,

it will be possible for these preferences to follow users

wherever they go and to supplement the capabilities of

any particular device in ways that increase

communication and collaboration and help reduce

social isolation at work and at home.

Microsofts commitment to creating an ecosystem of

accessible technologies runs deep, and includes

development of a number of core accessible

technology building blocks. In 2005, Microsoft User

Interface Automation (UI Automation) introduced a

new approach to exchanging information between

Windows applications, web content and ATs. UI

Automations unique approach allows application

developers to make their software compatible with AT

products such as screen readers for users with limited

sight and on-screen keyboards for users with limited

physical access. It also allows AT developers to design

their products to be forward compatible with futureversions of those applications. UI Automation is

supported across Microsofts popular development

frameworks, including Microsoft Silverlight, the .NET

Framework, Windows Presentation Foundation, and

other frameworks that have been in use for decades.

Developers use these frameworks to create interactive

user experiences, content, and video for the PC, web,

mobile devices, and the cloud.

Support for UI Automation was first added to

Microsoft Internet Explorer 8, and then significantly

expanded in Internet Explorer 9, released in early

2011. As developers increasingly embrace Internet

Explorer as a platform for deploying the latest HTML5cloud-based applications, support for UI Automation

in the browser will enable AT developers to make

richer, immersive web content and applications

accessible to people with disabilities. By extending

support for UI Automation across all its platforms

such as the Windows client and Windows server

operating systems, Internet Explorer, and Silverlight

Microsoft is ensuring that as the cloud evolves more of

its potential and power is accessible to people with

disabilities.

Two of the most promising areas of innovation to help

users tap the power of the cloud are speech recognition

and text-to-speech technology. Speech recognition(and commanding) technologies allow computers to

hear and understand human speech. This is an

important feature for people with hand or arm injuries,

paraplegia, or absence of fine motor control. Microsoft

has two primary investments in this area. Windows

Speech Recognition listens and reacts to spoken

commands, enabling a user to run applications and

interact with their Windows computer. For example, it

allows a user to dictate an e-mail, surf the web, or fill

out online forms by voice instead of with a keyboard

and mouse. Microsoft Tellme is a cloud-based speech

platform that enables speech recognition in a range of

Microsoft products, including Windows Phone 7,

Bing, Office, Exchange Server, and Office

Communications Server. It also allows developers of

third-party products to add speech recognition to their

solutions.

In Windows Phone 7, for example, speech recognition

technology supports phone dialing, navigation and

web search. The Windows Phone 7.5 update extended

this to also include dictating and sending a text






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message and advanced phone functions, such as call

forwarding, redial and contact list. The Bing for

Mobile search engineavailable as an application for

many web-enabled phones or as a web page accessible

from a mobile phone browserlets users speak a

search term instead of typing it. Similarly, speech

recognition technology in Kinectan add-on

peripheral for the Xbox 360 game consolelets

individuals use voice commands to have live videochats, play music and videos, and watch thousands of

live and on-demand ESPN sporting events without

ever using a game controller. Tellmes cloud-based

platform analyzes billions of speech interactions to

improve the underlying speech recognition engine and

better understand a users intent. The more you use it,

the more it learns and more accurate it becomes.

Text-to-speech (TTS) technologyalso known as

speech synthesisenables computers to talk. This

capability is used in screen readers for people who are

blind, reading aids for people with reading disabilities,

and as a synthetic voice for people who are unable to

speak. Microsoft has three key investments in TTS:speech engines installed in the Windows operating

system, available as a cloud service, and integrated

into specific applications. The cloud service and

installed speech engines offer value for assistive

technology vendors building accessibility solutions.

One example of TTS in the cloud is through the Bing

Translator, where a consumer can type a phrase, have

it translated into one of 18 languages and have the

resulting phrase read aloud. For people with visual

impairments or reading disabilities, the TTS engine in

Windows 7 powers a screen reader called Narrator,

which reads on-screen text aloud and can help the user

navigate the interface without seeing the screen. It alsodrives the Speak feature in Office 2010, which enables

a computer to play back written text as spoken words.

Lync 2010, Microsofts newest unified

communications tool, uses TTS technology so users

can more easily connect, communicate, and share

information in the cloud. For instance, incoming

instant messages and other communications requests

can be read out by a screen reader and accompanied by

audio cues. Notifications are also read out as they

appear.

Just as the cloud itself is a work in progress, so, too,

are Microsofts efforts to enable the cloud for people

of all abilities. As we continue to invest in building a

more seamless cloud-based spectrum of solutions, we

will also back the contributions of other developers of

accessible products, services, and content. We believe

that a healthy, market-driven ecosystem comprised of

many products, business models, and development

philosophies is the fastest route to achieving a more

accessible cloud.

Many different approaches are represented in the

current ecosystem, and Microsoft supports many of

them. For example, Microsoft is working in

partnership with an organization called LucyTech and

with government organizations worldwide to pilot a

commercially-viable model for cloud-based

accessibility solutions, which will be made available at

little or no cost to consumers. Although LucyTech will

build on existing cloud, platform, and applicationinvestments, it is pushing the boundaries of existing

technologies and cloud infrastructure and will include

some new cloud-based service offerings to fill critical

gaps. It is a distributed accessibility solution with the

promise to provide globally available AT solutions.

Another international effort we support is the Global

Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII). The goal of

GPII is to increase awareness of the existing

accessibility infrastructure (such as APIs, operating

system features, and tools) and accelerate development

of new accessibility building blocks that make the

benefits of the cloud more easily available to

everyone. Participants in the GPII process agree that aclient device and associated operating system form the

foundation of accessibility solutions and are the first

line of functionality that people will use. There also is

a shared understanding that cloud-based services offer

significant opportunities to complement and extend

those built-in capabilities to create new and better

customer-ready features. For example, a fully-

developed accessible cloud infrastructure would

enable people who cannot use standard interfaces and

content to use a broadband connection to invoke the

interface adoptions they need, automatically, on any

device, anywhere and anytime. The GPII vision aligns

with Microsofts long-standing desire for an adaptivecomputing environment. In some respects, GPII is

helping clarify the vision and need for better cloud-

connected accessibility products and services, while

the LucyTech project is focusing on the development

and delivery of a working solution that fully utilizes

existing Microsoft cloud technologies, services, and

commercial AT products to realize this vision.

Microsoft sees value in both projects, so is

participating in and supporting both efforts.

Governments around the world are increasingly aware

of the enormous potential of cloud computing to

benefit citizens and society. Microsoft has developed a

set of policy principles to support its commitment to

both digital inclusion and to the cloud. Microsoft

believes these principles are at the core of effective

policy frameworks for accessibility and the cloud, and

will encourage the widespread development and

implementation of accessible technologies, products,

programs, and services. These policies include:






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Harmonizing International Standards and

Procurement Approaches: Market-led, globallyharmonized standards and the procurement policies

that reference them are the foundation of accessible

and interoperable IT products and cloud services.

Globally-harmonized standards bring major

advantages to both business and individual users of

accessible technology. Because the speed of

innovation in the IT sector can outpace legislativemeasures put in place to encourage accessibility and

promote cloud services, Microsoft believes it is

important that globally harmonized standards

constitute the basis of product development.

Promoting Effective Conformance: Accessible

technology can be advanced most effectively by

minimizing undue regulatory burden. When standards

for cloud and accessibility are referenced in

government procurement policies, Microsoft supports

effective and rigorous conformance mechanisms that

provide adequate assurance of compliance, encourage

innovation, and promote consumer choice. One suchexample is the voluntary supplier declaration of

accessibility, as defined in the ISO/IEC 17050

standard and used in a number of countries around the

world.

Promoting Interoperability: Interoperability iscrucial to creating an accessible cloud computing

environment for users with a broad range of abilities. It

is a key feature of Microsoft accessible technologies

and we advocate for public policies that allow a

variety of complementary ways to achieve it. We

believe that governments should not engineer

interoperability by prescribing specific approaches andexcluding others, but instead should allow IT vendors

and purchasers to use the solutions that best suit their

needs. AT/IT interoperability standards such as ISO

13066 will help ensure that vendors cloud-ready

technologies are also interoperable with assistive

technology. Aligning user needs with a dynamic and

growing array of devices, technology platforms,

development tools, assistive technologies, and services

is a complex challenge that will require industry-wide

innovation and collaboration, appropriate government

policies, and the active involvement of the disability

community.

Ensuring Technology Neutrality: Technology-neutral policies promote innovation, eliminate barriers

to trade and market access, enhance competition, and

prevent bias in government procurement. Microsoft

believes that a flexible cloud policy approach based on

a commitment to technology neutrality and choice is

particularly appropriate in the rapidly evolving IT

environment. Customers and governments today

increasingly rely on a combination of proprietary and

open source software, as well as on open standards and

proprietary standards, to develop accessibility

solutions. By encouraging choice, governments will

enable the broadest possible array of solutions for

people with disabilities and drive down the cost of

building accessible mainstream products.

Enhancing the Ecosystem: In order for technology

companies to invest in and develop accessible cloudsolutions, they must understand user needs and be

confident that there will be a market for such solutions.

Today, the accessible technology PC ecosystem is a

vibrant and healthy collection of more than 350

products that offer tremendous customer benefit.

Assistive technologies for the cloud will require

similar breadth and depth. Microsoft believes that

governments should take steps to ensure accessibility

is not undermined by cloud policies that put the

existing AT ecosystem at risk or that diminish the

ability of entrepreneurs to continue serving the

disability community.

III.KALMAN FILTER WITH A RELATIONSHIPTO THE RECURSIVE BAYESIAN

ESIMATION:

The Kalman filter can be considered to be one of the

simplest dynamic Bayesian networks. The Kalman

filter calculates estimates of the true values of

measurements recursively over time using incoming

measurements and a mathematical process model.

Similarly, recursive Bayesian estimation calculates

estimates of an unknown probability density function

(PDF) recursively over time using incomingmeasurements and a mathematical process model (for

example in this place it means model of cloud

resources). In recursive Bayesian estimation, the true

state is assumed to be an unobserved Markov process,

and the measurements are the observed states of a

hidden Markov model (HMM).






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Because of the Markov assumption, the true state is

conditionally independent of all earlier states given the

immediately previous state.

Similarly the measurement at the k-th time-step is

dependent only upon the current state and is

conditionally independent of all other states given thecurrent state.

Using these assumptions the probability distribution

over all states of the hidden Markov model can be

written simply as:

However, when the Kalman filter is used to estimate

the state x, the probability distribution of interest is

that associated with the current states conditioned on

the measurements up to the current time-step. This is

achieved by marginalizing out the previous states and

dividing by the probability of the measurement set.

This leads to predictand update steps of the Kalman

filter written probabilistically. The probability

distribution associated with the predicted state is the

sum (integral) of the products of the probability

distribution associated with the transition from the (k-

1)-th time-step to the k-th and the probability

distribution associated with the previous state, over all

possible .

The measurement set up to time tis:

The probability distribution of the update is

proportional to the product of the measurement

likelihood and the predicted state.

The denominator:

is a normalization term.

The remaining probability density functions are:

Note that the PDF at the previous time-step is

inductively assumed to be the estimated state and

covariance. This is justified because, as an optimal

estimator, the Kalman filter makes best use of the

measurements; therefore the PDF for given themeasurements is the Kalman filter estimate.

IV. CONCLUSIONOrdering of these paper consist of an abstract which is

provide brief research about definition of cloud

computing and obligations to migrate to such

comprehensive network, also in this section authors of

paper tell briefly about new methods which can be

used for incrementing the security and reliability

levels of such network. After that a reader can read

introduction, which is include basic definitions of

cloud computing and the necessity of availability ofsuch network in these days. After that, in the next

section, a discussion about Microsoft programs about

using of cloud computings on his prospect products

were present. By studying this section, reader acquire

general perception about future of cloud computing,

because in this section programs of the king of

computer industry Microsoft Corp. were explain.

After studying these sections and understand about all

aspects and necessities of such network, using of one

evolutionary algorithm on cloud computing for the

purpose of gaining more security and liability were

discuss.

REFERENCES:[1] Mehdi Darbandi Applying Kalman Filtering in

solving SSM estimation problem by the means of

EM algorithm with considering a practical

example; published by the Journal of Computing

Springer, 2012; USA.

[2] Mehdi Darbandi; Comparison betweenmiscellaneous platforms that present for cloud

computing and accreting the security of these

platforms by new filter; published by the Journal

of Computing Springer, 2012; USA.[3] Mehdi Darbandi; New and novel technique in

designing electromagnetic filter for eliminating

EMI radiations and optimization performances;

published by the Journal of Computing - Springer,

2012; USA.

[4] Mehdi Darbandi; Appraising the role of cloudcomputing in daily life and presenting new

solutions for stabilization of this technology;






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2012; USA.

[5] Mehdi Darbandi; Cloud Computing make arevolution in economy and Information

Technology; published by the Journal of

Computing - Springer, 2012; USA.

[6] Mehdi Darbandi; Considering the high impact ofgettering of silicon on fabrication of wafer

designing and optimize the designing with newinnovative solutions; published by the Journal of

Computing Springer, 2012; USA.

[7] Mehdi Darbandi; Developing concept ofelectromagnetic filter design by considering new

parameters and use of mathematical analysis;


2012; USA.

[8] Mehdi Darbandi; Is the cloud computing real orhype Affirmation momentous traits of this

technology by proffering maiden scenarios;

published by the Journal of Computing

Springer, 2012; USA.

[9] Mehdi Darbandi; Measurement and collationoverriding traits of computer networks and

ascertainment consequential exclusivities of cloud

computing by the means of Bucy filtering;


2012; USA.

[10] Mehdi Darbandi; Unabridged collation aboutmultifarious computing methods and outreaching

cloud computing based on innovative procedure;


2012; USA.

[11] Mehdi Darbandi; Scrutiny about all securitystandards in cloud computing and present new

novel standard for security of such networks;published by the Journal of Computing - Springer,

2012; USA.

[12] Microsofts Accessible Technology Vision andStrategy; September 2011.

[13] IEEE Standards and research papers about CloudComputing and different aspects of such social

networks.

Biographies:

Jalal Nakhaei: is currently PhD.Student in Art and Architecture

Engineering in Science and Research

Branch Islamic Azad University;

Tehran, Iran. His research areas are

Information Technology (IT), Secure Spaces, and

Structures.

Mehdi Darbandi: received hisB.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering

from University of Mashhad in 2012.

His research areas are Kalman Filter,

Matlab Simulink, Evolutionary

Algorithms, and Cloud Computing. Now he is

master student in Iran University of Science and

Technology (IUST); Tehran, Iran.





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