Predictability of Predictability of behavior of behavior of

Individuals in Individuals in organization and organization and

OBE OBE

Outline Outline Organization.Organization. Basic features of organization.Basic features of organization. Organizing as a Process.Organizing as a Process. What is need for organization.What is need for organization. Organizational Behavior.Organizational Behavior. Elements of OB.Elements of OB. Why we study OB?Why we study OB? Predicting Behavior.Predicting Behavior.

OutlineOutline Predicting Individual’s Behavior In Predicting Individual’s Behavior In

Organization.Organization. Improving Predictability of Individual Improving Predictability of Individual

Behavior.Behavior. Systematic approach towards predictability.Systematic approach towards predictability. Outcome-Based Education.Outcome-Based Education. Key to Outcome-Based EducationKey to Outcome-Based Education Predicting Individual’s behavior In OBE.Predicting Individual’s behavior In OBE. Conclusion.Conclusion.

OrganizationOrganization

Organization is the pattern of Organization is the pattern of ways in which large numbers ways in which large numbers of people have intimate face of people have intimate face to face contact with all others, to face contact with all others, are engaged in a variety of are engaged in a variety of tasks, relate themselves to tasks, relate themselves to each other in conscious, each other in conscious, systematic establishment and systematic establishment and accomplishment of mutually accomplishment of mutually agreed purposes”. (agreed purposes”. (Puffier Puffier and Sherwood)and Sherwood)

OrganizationOrganization A consciously coordinated A consciously coordinated

social unit, composed of two social unit, composed of two or more people that or more people that functions on a relatively functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals common goal or set of goals is called an organization.is called an organization.

Basic Feature of Basic Feature of Organization Organization

The basic feature of any The basic feature of any organization is the hierarchy organization is the hierarchy of persons in it. It, therefore, of persons in it. It, therefore, distinguishes among distinguishes among different persons and different persons and decides who will be superior decides who will be superior and the subordinate. All the and the subordinate. All the organizations allow an organizations allow an unwritten rule that the unwritten rule that the subordinate cannot defy the subordinate cannot defy the orders of the superiors. orders of the superiors.

Organizing as a process Organizing as a process Organizing consists of Organizing consists of

determining and arranging for determining and arranging for men, materials. Machines and men, materials. Machines and money required by an money required by an enterprise for the attainment of enterprise for the attainment of its goals. its goals.

In its operational sense, the In its operational sense, the term organizing means defining term organizing means defining responsibilities of the employed responsibilities of the employed people and the manner in people and the manner in which their activities are to be which their activities are to be related. related.

Organizing as a processOrganizing as a process In brief, organizing process results In brief, organizing process results

in the outcome called in the outcome called “organization”, consisting of a group “organization”, consisting of a group of people working together for the of people working together for the achievement of one or more common achievement of one or more common objectives.objectives.

What is Need for What is Need for Organization?Organization?

Study of organization has to be Study of organization has to be made necessarily for following made necessarily for following reasons;reasons;

a. It provides an ideal setting for a. It provides an ideal setting for the study of human behavior.the study of human behavior.

b. Knowledge of organization helps b. Knowledge of organization helps managers to effectively.managers to effectively.

c. Organizations pervade in all the c. Organizations pervade in all the important phases of man’s life.important phases of man’s life.

Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior

According to Roman J.Alday “OB is a According to Roman J.Alday “OB is a branch of the social science that seeks to branch of the social science that seeks to build theories that can be applied to build theories that can be applied to predicting understanding and controlling predicting understanding and controlling behavior in work organizations.’’ behavior in work organizations.’’

Organization Behavior Organization Behavior According to Stephen P Robins, According to Stephen P Robins,

“Organizational Behavior as a “Organizational Behavior as a systematic study of the actions and systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within attitudes that people exhibit within the organizations.”the organizations.”

Organizational Organizational BehaviorBehavior

Why study OB?Why study OB?

1. In organizations we need 1. In organizations we need to understand, predict to understand, predict and influence the and influence the behavior of others.behavior of others.

2. To understand group 2. To understand group dynamics. dynamics.

3. To enhance leadership 3. To enhance leadership and decision-making and decision-making skills.skills.

4. To have a better 4. To have a better understanding of self and understanding of self and self in relation to others.self in relation to others.

Why study OB?Why study OB?5. To replace intuition with 5. To replace intuition with

systematic study by which you can systematic study by which you can remove your predictive ability remove your predictive ability about human behavior.about human behavior.

6. Understanding of human 6. Understanding of human behavior will improve your behavior will improve your interpersonal skills and thereby interpersonal skills and thereby help you better deal with people help you better deal with people and to that extent influence them.and to that extent influence them.

Predicting BehaviorPredicting Behavior

To Predict to say in To Predict to say in advance (what one advance (what one believes will happen); believes will happen); foretell (a future event or foretell (a future event or events). We can predict events). We can predict behavior, if we know how behavior, if we know how the person perceived the the person perceived the situation and what is situation and what is important for him or her.important for him or her.

Predicting BehaviorsPredicting Behaviors Each of us is a student of behavior. We are Each of us is a student of behavior. We are

aware that certain types of behavior are aware that certain types of behavior are linked to certain types of responsibilities. linked to certain types of responsibilities.

we expand our observations to include the we expand our observations to include the behavior of others. We develop behavior of others. We develop generalizations that help us to predict and generalizations that help us to predict and explain what people do and will do. explain what people do and will do.

Some may represent extremely Some may represent extremely sophisticated appraisals of behavior and sophisticated appraisals of behavior and prove highly effective in explaining and prove highly effective in explaining and predicting the behavior of others.predicting the behavior of others.

Predicting Individual’s Predicting Individual’s Behavior In OrganizationBehavior In Organization Individual’s behavior is Individual’s behavior is

predictable only if we predictable only if we know how the person know how the person perceives the situation perceives the situation and what is important to and what is important to him or her. him or her.

An observer sees the behavior as An observer sees the behavior as non-rational because he does not non-rational because he does not have the knowledge of the entire have the knowledge of the entire situation in the same way. situation in the same way.

Improving Predictability of Improving Predictability of Individual Behavior Individual Behavior

Predictability can be improved by Predictability can be improved by replacing your intuition power by a replacing your intuition power by a more systematic approach.more systematic approach.

Systematic Approach Systematic Approach Towards Predictability Towards Predictability

The The systematic approachsystematic approach consists consists of important relationships and will of important relationships and will provide a base for more accurate provide a base for more accurate predictions of the behavior. predictions of the behavior.

Systematic approach of Systematic approach of Organizational Behavior actually Organizational Behavior actually holds a basic concept that behavior holds a basic concept that behavior is not random. is not random.

It projects the individual’s belief, It projects the individual’s belief, concept and then interest, etc. concept and then interest, etc. there are differences in every there are differences in every individual and placed in similar individual and placed in similar situations they do not react alike.situations they do not react alike.

To conclude,To conclude,

Behavior is generally predictable Behavior is generally predictable and the systematic study of behavior and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. accurate predictions.

OUTCOME BASED OUTCOME BASED EDUCATIONEDUCATION

(OBE) (OBE) Outcome-Based Outcome-Based

Education means Education means clearly focusing and clearly focusing and organizing everything in organizing everything in an educational system an educational system around what is essential around what is essential for all students to he for all students to he able to do successfully able to do successfully at the end of their at the end of their learning experiences. learning experiences.

Key to Outcome-Based Key to Outcome-Based SystemSystem

1) Developing a clear set of 1) Developing a clear set of learning outcomes around learning outcomes around which all of the system's which all of the system's components can he focused.components can he focused.

2) Establishing the conditions 2) Establishing the conditions and opportunities within the and opportunities within the system that enable and system that enable and encourage all students to encourage all students to achieve those essential achieve those essential outcomes. outcomes.

Predicting Individual’s Predicting Individual’s behavior In OBEbehavior In OBE

Individual behavior is Individual behavior is highly predictable at least as highly predictable at least as far as where they go every far as where they go every day, places they work, places day, places they work, places they play, and even when they play, and even when and in what order they do so. and in what order they do so.

Based upon knowing the Based upon knowing the behavior of the individual in behavior of the individual in the past, their behavior in the past, their behavior in the future is highly the future is highly predictable. predictable.

To ConcludeTo Conclude Based upon knowing the Based upon knowing the

behavior of the behavior of the individual in the past, individual in the past, their behavior in the their behavior in the future is highly future is highly predictable. predictable.